职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案.docx
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职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案.docx
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职称英语考试理工类A级阅读理解练习题及答案
2014年职称英语考试理工类A级-阅读理解练习题及答案
APhoneThatKnowsYou'reBusy
It'samodernproblem:
you'retoobusytobedisturbedbyincessant(连续不断的)phonecallssoyouturnyourcellphoneoff.Butifyoudon'tremembertoturnitbackonwhenyou'relessbusy.youcouldmisssomeimportantcallsifonlythephoneknewwhenitwaswisetointerruptyou,youwouldn'thavetoturnitoffatall.Instead,itcouldletcallsthroughwhenyouarenottoobusy
Abunchofbehaviorsensors(传感器)andacleverpieceofsoftwarecoulddojustthat,byanalyzingyourbehaviortodetermineifit'sagoodtimetointerruptyou.Ifbuiltintoaphone,thesystemmaydecideyou'retoobusyandaskthecallertoleaveamessageorringbacklater.
JamesFogartyandScottHudsonatCamegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniabasedtheirsystemoiltinymicrophones,camerasandtouchsensorsthatrevealbodylanguageandactivity.Firsttheyhadtostudydifferentbehaviorstofindoutwhichonesstonglypredictwhetheryourmindisinterrupted
Thepotential"busyness"signalstheyfocusedonincludedwhethertheofficedoorswereleftopenorclosed,thetimeofday,ifotherpeoplewerewiththepersoninquestion,howclosetheyweretoeachother,andwhetherornotthecomputerwasinuse.
Thesensorsmonitoredtheseandmanyotherfactorswhilefoursubjectswereatwork.Atrandomintervals,thesubjectsratedhowinterruptibletheywereonascalerangingfrom"highlyinterruptible''to"highlynot-interruptible".Theirratingswerethencorrelatedwiththevariousbehaviors."Itisashotgun(随意的)approach:
weusedalltheindicatorswecouldthinkofandthenletstatisticsfindoutwhichwereimportant,"saysHudson
Themodelshowedthatusingthekeyboard,andtalkingonalandlineortosomeoneelseintheofficecorrelatedmoststronglywithhowinterruptiblethesubjectsjudgedthemselvestobe.
Interestingly,thecomputerwasactuallybetterthanpeopleatpredictingwhensomeonewastoobusytobeinterrupted.Thecomputergotitright82percentofthetime,humans77percent.Fogartyspeculatesthatthismightbebecausepeopledoingtheinterruptingareinevitablybiasedtowardsdeliveringtheirmessage,whereascomputersdon'tcare.
ThefirstapplicationforHudsonandFogarty'ssystemislikelytobeinaninstantmessagingsystem,followedbyofficephonesandcellphones."Thereisnotechnologicalroadblock(障碍)toitbeingdeployedinacoupleofyears,"saysHudson
36Abigproblemfacingpeopletodayisthat
Atheymusttoleratephonedisturbancesormissimportantcalls.
Btheymustturnofftheirphonestokeeptheirhomesquiet.
Ctheyhavetoswitchfromadesktopphonetoacellphone.
Dtheyaretoobusytomakephonecalls.
37Thebehaviorsensorandsoftwaresystembuiltinaphone
Acouldhelpstoremessages.
Bcouldsendmessagesinstantly
Ccouldtellwhenitiswisetointerruptyou.
Dcouldidentifyimportantphonecalls.
38ScientistsatCarnegieMenonUniversitytriedtofindout
Awhyofficedoorswereoften1eftopen.
Bwhenitwasagoodtimetoturnoffthecomputer.
Cwhatquestionsofficeworkerswerebotheredwith.
Dwhichbehaviorscouldtellwhetherapersonwasbusy
39Duringtheexperiment,thesubjectswereasked
Atocontrolthesensorsandthecamera.
Btoratethedegreestowhichtheycouldbeinterrupted.
Ctocomparetheirbehaviorswithothers'.
Dtoanalyzealltheindicatorsofinterruption.
40Thecomputerperformedbetterthanpeopleinthestudybecause
Athecomputerworkedharder.
Bthecomputerwasnotbusy
Cpeopletendedtobebiased.
Dpeoplewerenotgoodatstatistics.
参考答案:
36A该题问的是:
当今人们面临的一个大的问题是什么?
文章第~句就给出了答案:
人们太忙了,不能被连续不断的电话骚扰。
要么关闭手机。
37c第二段中的that是代词,指上段最后两旬句子的内容。
而答案在第一句的后半部分:
确定何时适合打扰你。
38D本题题干的意思是在CamegieMellon大学的科学家试图找出……?
答案在第三段最后一句,第四段第一句也给出了部分答案。
39B本题问的是实验中,受试者被要求干什么?
答案在第五段第二句:
受试者对是否可被打断工作做出评定,评定范围从"完全可以被打断"到"完全不能被打断".
40c本题和倒数第二段第一句有关,说的是实验中电脑比人表现得好,问原因是什么?
这段最后一句说了,peopledoingtheinterruptingareinevitablybiased…,即人有偏见,故c为答案。
TheExplodingLakesofCameroon
Whatcomestomindwhenyouthinkofalake?
Youprobablyimagineaprettyscenewithbluewater,birds,andfish.ForthepeopleinthenorthwesternCameroon,however,theimageisverydifferent.Forthem,lakesmaymeanterribledisasters.In1984,poisonousgasesexplodedoutofLakeMonounandcamedownintothenearbyvillages,killingthirty-sevenpeople.Twoyearslater,LakeNyoseruptedAcloudofgasesrolleddownthehillsandintothevalleysandkilled1,700people.
LakeNyosandLakeMonounarecrater(火山口)lakesTheywereformedwhenwatercollectedinthecratersofoldvolcanoesThevolcanoesunderLakeNyosandLakeMonounarenotactiveanymore.However,poisonousgasesfromthecenteroftheearthcontinuetoflowupthroughcracksinthebottomofthelake.Thisisnormalinacraterlake.Inmostcraterlakes,thesegasesarereleasedoftenbecausethewater'turnsover'regularly.Thatis,thewaterfromthebottomofthelakerisesandmixeswiththewateratthetop,allowingthegasestoescapeslowly.
However,inLakesNyosandMonoun,thereisnoregularturningover.Nooneknowsthereasonforthisfact,butasaresult,theselakeshavemoregasestappedatthebottomthanothercraterlakes.Infact,scientistswhohavestudiedLakesNyosandMonounhavefound16,000timesmoregases.Whenastrongwind,coolweatherastorm,oralandslide(滑坡)causesthewatertoturnoversuddenly,thegasesescapeinaviolentexplosion.
Inthepast,nooneknewwhenthegasesmightexplode,sotherewasnowayforthevillagerstoescapedisaster.NowscientistsfromtheUnitedStates,France,andCameroonhavefoundawaytoreducethegaspressureatthebottomofLakeNyos.Theystooda672-footplasticpipeinthemiddleofthelake,withoneendofthepipenearthebottomandtheotherendintheair.Nearthetopofthepipe,theteamputseveralholesthatcouldbeopenedorclosedbyacomputer.Now,whenthegaspressuregetstoohigh,theholesareopenedandsomeofthegas-filledwatershootsupthroughthepipeintotheairlikeafountain.Withlesspressure,adisastrousexplosionismuchlesslikely.However,thescientistsarenotsurethatonepipewillbeenoughtopreventexplosions.TheyhopetoputinotherssoonandtheyplantoinstallasimilarpipeandacomputersystematLakeMonounaswell.
Toprotectpeoplenearbyuntilallofthepipesareinplace.thescientistshaveinstalledearlywarningsystemsatbothlakes.Ifthegaspressurerisestoadangerouslevel,computerswillsetoffloudsirens(警报)andbrightlightstowarnthepeopleinthevillages.Thatway,theywillhavetimetoescapefromthedangerousgases.
41WhatwillhappenwhenLakeNyosandLakeMonounexplode?
AWaterwillflowdownthehills
BPoisonousgaseswillbereleasedsuddenly.
CAstrongwindwillrisefromthelakes
DThevolcanoeswillcometolife.
42WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLakeNyosandLakeMonounistrue?
ATheywereformedin1984.
BTheyareatthetopoftwoactivevolcanoes.
CTheyarenotlikemostothercraterlakes.
DWaterinthemturnsoverregularly.
43LakeNyosandLakeMonounexplodebecause
Athegasesrisetothetopandmixwithair.
Bpeoplefromthevillagesturnoverthewater.
Cscientistshaveputinacomputersystem.
Dtheyhavemoregasestrappedatthebottomthanothercraterlakes
44Ateamofscientistshas
Aerectedapressure-releasingpipeinthelake
Bidentifiedthegasesatthebottomofthelake
Cbuiltabeautifulfountainnearthelakes
Dremovedalldangerousgasesfromthelakes
45Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?
AScientistsareplanningtoinstallpipesinallcraterlakes.
BScientistsstilldonotknowhowtopreventgasexplosions
CExplosiondisasterscouldbeavoidedinthefuture
DWarningsystemshavebeensetupinthevillagesnearby.
参考答案:
41B该题问的是Nyos和Monoun两湖喷发时会出现什么情况?
第一段第五句提到,Monoun喷发时有毒气体随之而出。
两年后,Nyos湖喷发时也出现类似情况。
故B为答案。
42c本题为细节题。
问的是关于Nyos和Monoun两湖哪句陈述是正确的?
选项A说的是两湖于1984年形成的,不符合原文意思。
选项B的意思是:
他们坐落在两座活活火山上,也与原文意思不符。
选项D说的是湖中的水定期翻滚,均与原文不符。
只有选项c正确。
43D题句的意思是:
Nyos和Monoun两湖发生喷发的原因是什么?
前三个选项均与原文意思不符,答案见第三段第二句。
44A本题问的是一队科学家干了什么工作?
第四段第三句提到他们在湖里立了一根释放湖底气压的管子。
故A为答案。
45c本题问的是在文章最后一段我们了解到了什么?
文章最后一段主要讲的是在所有的湖里竖起缓解湖底气压的管子后,就不会有危险。
故选项c为正确答案。
WhenWeAreAsleep
Everyonedreams,butsomepeopleneverrecalltheirdreams,ordosoveryrarely.Otherpeoplealwayswakeupwithvividrecollections(记忆)oftheirdreams,thoughtheyforgetthemveryquickly.Inanaveragenightofeighthours'sleep,anaverageadultwilldreamforaroundonehundredminutes,probablyhavingthreetofivedreams,eachlastingfromtentothirtyminutes.Scientistscandetectwhensomeoneishavingadreambyusinganinstrumentwhichmeasurestheelectricalwavesinthebrain.Duringdreaming,thesewavesmovemorequickly.Breathingandpulseratealsoincrease,andtherearerapideyemovementsunderthelids,justasthoughthedreamerwerereallylookingatmovingobjects.Thesesignsofdreaminghavebeendetectedinallmammals(哺乳动物)studied,includingdogs,monkeys,cats,andelephants,andalsosomebirdsandreptiles(爬行动物).Thisperiodofsleepiscalledthe"D"stateforaround50%oftheirsleep;theperiodreducestoaround25%bytheageof10.
Dreamstaketheformofstories,buttheymaybestrangeandwithincidentsnotconnected,whichmakelittlesense.Dreamsareseldomwithoutpeopleinthemandtheyareusuallyaboutpeopleweknow.Oneestimatesaysthattwo-thirdsofthe"cast"ofourdreamdramasarefriendsandrelations.Visionseemsanessentialpartofdreams,exceptforpeopleblindfrombirth.Soundandtoucharesensesalsooftenaroused,butsmellandtastearenotfrequentlyinvolved.In"normal"dreams,thedreamermaybetakingpart,orbeonlyanobserve
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