2021-2022学年江苏省苏州市高三(上)期初调研英语试卷(附答案详解).docx
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2021-2022学年江苏省苏州市高三(上)期初调研英语试卷(附答案详解).docx
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2021-2022学年江苏省苏州市高三(上)期初调研英语试卷
一、阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共37.5分)
A
Forcenturies,teahasbeenusedforfarmorethanovercomingthirst.Aroundtheworldpeopledrinkittorelaxandrestoreenergy.
Green,oolongandblackteacomefromthesameplant—Camelliasinensis(茶树).Greentea,however,isprocessedinadifferentway,whichresultsinhigherlevelsofsomeofthecompoundsthatscientistsbelievehavepositiveeffectsonourmentalhealth.
A2017reviewofmorethan100studiesfoundthatgreenteacanimpactthebraininthreeways:
reduceanxiety;focusattention;andimprovebrainfunction,especiallymemory.However,itwascautionedthattheeffectsaren'tlarge,andcurrentevidenceismainlyprovidedbysmall-scalestudies.
Therearealsosuggestionsthatteacouldimprovethesymptomsofdepression,dementia(痴呆)andDownsyndrome(唐氏综合征).
A2018studyconductedinSouthKoreafoundthatfrequentgreenteadrinkerswere21%lesslikelytodevelopdepressionthanthosewhowerenon-drinkers.However,asanobservationalstudy,itcouldn'testablishcauseandeffect,onlyassociation.
Teaalsohassomebenefitsforourphysicalhealth—it'slinkedtoalongerlife,couldreducesomeriskfactorsforcardiovascular(心血管的)diseasesuchasheartattackandstroke,andmayalsohaveaweight-losingeffect.
"Weneedbetterdatatotrulyassessthebenefitsofteaonourmentalandphysicalwell-being,"saidGunterKuhnleattheUniversityofReading,"however,withtheexceptionofgreenteapills,whichhavebeenlinkedtoliverdamage,andburningtea,whichhasbeenlinkedtoesophageal(食道的)cancer,there'snorealdownsidetoacupoftea.Ithinkmostpeopleenjoyrituals(仪式感).It'sacomfortingthing.Ifthere'sanythingwrong,hereit'sacupofteathat'sneeded."
1.Howisgreenteadifferentfromoolongandblacktea?
______
A.Itcuresdepressionanddementia.
B.Itisneverpartofacomplexritual.
C.Ithashigherlevelsofcertaincompounds.
D.ItistakenfromCamelliasinensis.
2.WhatdoesGunterKuhnlewanttoexpress?
______
A.Greentearitualsgivepeoplecomfort.
B.Greenteapillsmaycauseesophagealcancer.
C.Greenteabringspeoplemoreharmthangood.
D.Greenteaprovesbeneficialwithnoexception.
3.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
______
A.Whichteapreventscancer B.Whydrinkingteamighthelp
C.Whenteacausesliverdamage D.Howteasareprocessed
B
Atfirst,Ididn'trecognizethesymptomsthatweallhadincommon.Friendsmentionedthattheywerehavingtroubleconcentrating.Itwasn'tburnout—westillhadenergy.Itwasn'tdepression—wedidn'tfeelhopeless.Wejustfeltsomewhatjoylessandaimless.
Itturnsoutthere'sanameforthat:
languishing.
Languishingisasenseofinactivityandemptiness.Itfeelsasifyou'remuddling(应付)throughyourdays,lookingatyourlifethroughafoggywindshield(挡风玻璃).
Inpsychology,wethinkaboutmentalhealthonaspectrum(范围)fromdepressiontoflourishing(精力旺盛).Flourishingisthepeakofwell-being.Depressionisthevalleyofill-being.Languishingistheneglectedmiddlechildofmentalhealth.It'stheemptinessbetweendepressionandflourishing—theabsenceofwell-being.You'renotfunctioningatfullcapacity.Languishingdullsyourmotivation,disruptsyourabilitytofocus,andgreatlyincreasesthepossibilitythatyou'llcutbackonwork.
Partofthedangeristhatwhenyou'relanguishing,youmightnotnoticethedullingofdelightorthedecreasingofdrive.Youdon'tcatchyourselfslippingslowlyintoaloneness;you'reindifferenttoyourindifference.Whenyoucan'tseeyourownsuffering,youdon'tseekhelporevendomuchtohelpyourself.
Sowhatcanwedoaboutit?
Peoplewhobecamemorefocusedontheirworkmanagedtoavoidlanguishing.Interruptedattentionisanenemyofengagementandexcellence.Togobeyondlanguishing,giveyourselfsomeuninterruptedtime.Itclearsoutconstantdistractions(分心)andgivesusthefreedomtofocus.Andtrystartingwithsmallwinsbyfocusingonachallengethatmatterstoyou-aninterestingproject,aworthwhilegoal,orameaningfulconversation.
Westillhavealottolearnaboutwhatcauseslanguishingandhowtocureit,butnamingitmightbeafirststep.Itcouldhelptodefogourvision,givingusaclearerwindowintowhathadbeenanunclearexperience.Itcouldremindusthatweweren'talone:
languishingiscommonandshared.
Byacknowledgingthatsomanyofusarelanguishing,wecanstartgivingvoicetoquietdespairandlightingapathoutoftheemptiness.
4.Whichdefinitionbestsuitstheword"languishing"?
______
A.Feelingexhaustedandwithouthope.
B.Becomingweakerorfailingtoimprove.
C.Makingsomeonewanttoachievesomething.
D.Goingbeyondtheusuallimitsofsomething.
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbedescribedaslanguishing?
______
A.Seekinghelpwhenyouaresuffering.
B.Realizingthatyouarenotaloneindespair.
C.Givingyourselfsomeuninterruptedtime.
D.Beingindifferenttoyourlackofenthusiasm.
6.Whatcouldpsychologistsdotohelpsolvetheproblemsoflanguishing?
______
A.Givepeoplemorefreedom. B.Seeitasdepression.
C.Nameitclearly. D.Removeitfromaspectrum.
7.Whyisitsignificanttoknowlanguishingiscommonandshared?
______
A.Wecanletthesilentdespairspeakupandfindawayout.
B.Wecancontinuetolearnmoreaboutlanguishing.
C.Wecanseeitasbasicallythesameasdepression.
D.Wecanstudyitasthecompleteoppositeofflourishing.
C
Abatandaballcost﹩1.10intotal.Thebatcosts﹩1.00morethantheball.Howmuchdoestheballcost?
Ifyouanswered10cents,you'renotalone-mostpeoplegivethesameanswer(thecorrectansweris5cents).It'sanexampleofhowweoftenrelyonintuitive(直觉的)responses-answerswefeelaretrue.Peoplegiveanswersthat"popintotheirmind,"saysStevenSloman.Wedon'tspendmuchtime"reflectingandcheckingwhethertheanswerisrightorwrong."
Thebatandballquestionhelpsexplainwhyweoftenbelieveinfake(假的)news.Itispartofhumannaturetobelieve,saysSloman.But"thetrickwithfakenewsistoknowtoverify"---inotherwords,tostopandquestionwhatyouknow.Inoneexperiment,Slomanandacolleagueinventedadiscoverycalledheliumrain.Theytoldagroupofvolunteersaboutit,butadmittedtheycouldnotfullyexplainwhatitwas.Theythenaskedthevolunteerstoratetheirownunderstandingofheliumrain.Mostvolunteersratedthemselves1outof7,meaningtheydidnotunderstandtheconcept.
Theresearchersthentoldanothergroupofvolunteersaboutthediscovery.Thistime,theysaidthatscientistscouldfullyexplainhowitworks.Whenaskedtoratetheirunderstanding,thevolunteersgaveanaverageanswerof2.Thescientists'confidencegavethevolunteersanincreasedsenseoftheirownunderstanding,Slomansays.
AccordingtoSloman,studiesshowthatknowledgespreadslikeacontagion(传染病).Thisideacanbeseeninmanyfields,includingpolitics."Ifeveryonearoundyouissayingtheyunderstandwhyapoliticianisdishonest,"Slomansays,"thenyou'regoingtostartthinkingthatyouunderstand,too."
Anotherexplanationforthespreadoffakenewsis"motivatedreasoning,"writesAdamWyatz,anAmericanmanagementprofessor,"wearenaturallymorelikelytobelievethingsthatconfirmourexistingopinions."
So,inaworldwheremisleadinginformationiscommon,trainingpeopletocareaboutfact-checkingisimportant,especiallyinonlinecommunities."Weshouldcheckthingsandnotjusttakethematfacevalue,"Slomansays."Verifybeforeyoubelieve."
8.Whydoestheauthorusetheexampleofthebatandballquestion?
______
A.Towarnthatpeopleoftenignoreskillsthattheylearned.
B.Toshowthattherearevariousanswerstoaquestion.
C.Toillustratethatpeopletendtorushtoaconclusion.
D.Toarousepeople'sinterestinplayingguessinggames.
9.Inparagraph3,whatdoestheunderlinedword"verify"mean?
______
A.Tomakesuresomethingistrue.
B.Tothinkaboutsomethingforalongtime.
C.Toexpressanopinionaboutsomething.
D.Tofollowyourintuitiveresponse.
10.Whendomorevolunteersclaimtounderstandheliumrain?
______
A.Whensomeofthevolunteersexplainedittothem.
B.WhenSlomanandhiscolleaguesshowedthemhowitworks.
C.Whentheyhavemoreconfidenceinthemselves.
D.Whentheybelievedthatscientistsunderstoodit.
11.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"motivatedreasoning"?
______
A.Youtrustadamagingstoryaboutsomeonewhoyoualwaysjudgenegatively.
B.Youpostamessageonlinethatgivesyourpersonalopinionaboutanewsstory.
C.Yousearchonlineformoreinformationaboutadoubtfulstoryonsocialmedia.
D.Youthinkauniversityprofessordishonestwheneverybodyaroundyousayso.
D
Atticuswassittingintheswing,andMr.Tatewasinachairnexttohim.Thelightfromtheliving-roomwindowswasstrongonthem.
"Well,Heck,"Atticuswassaying,"Ofcourseitwasclear-cutselfdefense,butit'llcomebeforecountycourt."
"Mr.Finch,doyouthinkJemkilledBobEwell?
Doyouthinkthat?
"
"YouheardwhatScoutsaid,there'snodoubtaboutit.ShesaidJemgotupandyankedhimoffher—heprobablygotholdofEwell'sknifesomehowinthedark…we'llfindouttomorrow."
"Mr.Finch,holdon."saidMr.Tate."JemneverstabbedBobEwell."
Atticuswassilentforamoment.HelookedatMr.Tateasifheappreciatedwhathesaid.ButAtticusshookhishead.
"Heck,thankyoufromthebottomofmyheart,butIdon'twantmyboystartingoutwithsomethinglikethisoverhishead.Bestwaytocleartheairistohaveitalloutintheopen."
"Mr.Finch,"Mr.Tatesaid,"BobEwellfellonhisknife.Hekilledhimself."
"Heck,"Atticus'sbackwasturned."Ifthisthing'shushedup(掩盖)it'llbeasimp
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