VOA慢速文档经济类.docx
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VOA慢速文档经济类.docx
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VOA慢速文档经济类
2011-1-6
Facebook(一个社会化网络站点)istheworld'sbiggestsocialnetwork--andthesubjectofthemovie"SocialNetwork."TherealMarkZuckerbergandhisfriendsatHarvardUniversitylaunched发起thesiteintwothousandfour.FacebooksaysitreachedfivehundredmillionuserslastJuly.
Now,theAmericanbankGoldmanSachsandtheRussiancompanyDigitalSkyTechnologieshavefriendedFacebook.Theyareinvestingatotaloffivehundredmilliondollarsinthecompany.ThedealvaluesFacebookatfiftybilliondollars--morethanmanypubliclytradedInternetcompanies.
GoldmanSachsisexpectedtoraiseabillionandahalfdollarsmorebysellingsharesofownershipinFacebooktorichinvestors.Theplandoesnotincludeapublicstockoffering股权融资--atleastnotrightnow.
ThomsonReuters,Facebook,eBizMBA
Fornow,Facebookwouldremainaprivatecompany--meaningacompanythatdoesnotsellsharestothepublic.Theplanhasbroughtnewattentiontothelargelysecretive秘密的worldofprivatefinancingandtherulesforprivatecompaniesintheUnitedStates.
Theideaisthatinvestorsinpubliccompanieshaveprotectionsthatinvestorsinprivatecompaniesdonot.TheSecuritiesandExchangeCommissionsaysaprivatecompanymustreportfinancialinformationifithasfivehundredshareholdersormore.
Anewbusiness,astartupcompany,isusuallyconsideredtooriskyforaverageinvestors.Butapromisingstartupmayfindasmallnumberofprivateinvestors,oftenknownas"angels."Theseinvestorsarewillingtoloseeverythingforachanceatbigreturns.
RikkiTahtahasbeeninvolvedinraisingmoneyforstartups.Heisnowchairmanofhisowninvestmentcompany,Covestor,withofficesinNewYorkandLondon.
Mr.Tahtacomparesthedifferencebetweenpublicandprivatecompaniestothedifferencebetweenmarriageanddating.Whenpeoplearedating,hesays,thereareunderstandingsbutfewrules.Inmarriage,therulesaremoreclearandwell-defined.
Inhisopinion,theonlyrealbenefitforaprivatecompanyisloweradministrative行政的,管理的andrecord-keepingcosts.YethetellsusCovestorremainsaprivatecompanyafterafewyearsbecauseitisstilltooriskyformostinvestors.
2011-1-13
Bigstockexchanges证券交易所intheUnitedStatesarelinkedinwhatisknownasthenationalmarketsystemplan.Theideaistoprocessdealsandreportthebestavailablepricestothepublicasquicklyaspossible.
Butthereareotherwaysofinvestingthatoperateoutsidethenationalmarketsystem.
Inthelatenineteennineties,theSecuritiesandExchangeCommission证券和交易委员会wantedtomakeroomfornewideasinfinancialtrading.Thecommissiondevelopednewrulesforexchangesandforwhatareknownasalternativetradingsystems.
Alternativetradingsystemsareoperatedbybrokersordealers.Theymainlyservebiginvestorslikeretirementfunds,universitiesandfinancialcompanies.
Thesesystemstradethesamepublicstocksasothermarketplayersdo.Buttheydonotpubliclyreporttheirtrades.Thissecrecyexplainswhytheyalsohaveanothername:
"darkpools."
AsofOctober,therewereeighty-sixalternativetradingsystemsregisteredwiththeSecuritiesandExchangeCommission.
Abuyorsellorderforalargeamountofstockcanmovemarkets.Itcaninfluenceotherinvestorstotrytobuyorsellsharesofthatsamestock.Supportersofalternativetradingsystemssaythesecrecyreducestheriskofadisorderlymarket.
ButtheInternationalMonetaryFundhasconcernsaboutalternativetradingsystems.Itsaystheylimittheabilityoftheinvestingpublictopriceasecurityeffectively.Also,theIMFsaystheactivityofthesetradingsystemsislargelyoutsidethereachofmarketregulators.
Anotheralternativetotheinvestingmethodsthatmostpeopleknowistheworkofso-calledangelinvestors.Theseareindividualswhoinvestinnewprojects--andnotjustInternetstartupsthathopetobecomethenextGoogleorFacebook.Theycouldalsobesmall,localbusinesses.
STEVEMOORE:
"IstartedthinkingaboutwhereelsecanIgetsomekindofreasonablerateofreturnwherereturncanactuallybedefinedmorefullythanjusthowmuchmoneydidImake."
TheCenterforVentureResearchattheUniversityofNewHampshiresaysangelinvestingfellmorethansixpercentnationwideinthefirsthalfoflastyear.Still,angelinvestmentsduringthatperiodtotaledeightandahalfbilliondollars.
2011-1-20
Englishisacommonlanguageforbusiness,butcommunicationisnotjustaboutlanguage
BusinessisthemostpopularsubjectforinternationalstudentsintheUnitedStates.Atlastcount在最近的统计中,twenty-onepercentofforeignstudentsatAmericancollegesanduniversitieswerestudyingbusinessandmanagement.
TheInstituteofInternationalEducation国际教育学院inNewYorksaysengineeringisthesecondmostpopularfield,incaseyouwerewondering.
ThomasCosséisaprofessorofmarketingandbusinessattheUniversityofRichmondinVirginia.HesaysinternationalstudentswhowanttostudybusinessneedtohavegoodEnglishskills--andnotjusttostudyathisschool.
THOMASCOSSé:
"Atleastamongbusinessschools,moreandmoreworldwidearerequiringthattheirstudentstakeEnglish,andtheyareteachingmoreinEnglish."
Buttheworldhasmorenon-nativespeakersofEnglishthannativespeakers.Asaresult,AmericansworkingwithforeigncompaniesmayneedtolearnsomenewEnglishskillsthemselves.
AttheUniversityofRichmond,teamsofgraduatestudentsworkwithcompaniesseekingtoentertheAmericanmarket.Thestudentslearnaboutwritingmarketentrystudies.ThereportsarewritteninEnglish.ButProfessorCossétellshisstudentstoconsiderwhowillreadthem.
THOMASCOSSé:
"MystudentshavetowritethereportinsuchawaythatitcanbeunderstoodbysomeonewhoisanEnglishspeakerbutnotanativeEnglishspeaker."
Forexample,hetellshisstudentstoavoidjargon专门术语andotherspecializedtermsthatpeoplemightnotknowintheirownlanguage.Thiscanbegoodadviceevenwhenwritingforothernativespeakers.
Buteffectivecommunicationinvolvesmorethanjustwords.KayWesterfieldisdirectoroftheinternationalbusinesscommunicationprogramattheUniversityofOregon.
KAYWESTERFIELD:
"Ifyoujusthavethelanguageawarenessortheskillswithoutculture,youcaneasilybeafluentfool."
Culturalintelligencemeanstheneedtoconsiderlocalbehaviorsineverythingfromsimplehandshakestospeakingtolargegroups.
Still,KayWesterfieldsaystheabilityoflocalworkerstospeakEnglishisbecomingmoreimportanttocompanieslookingtomoveoperationstoothercountries.Or,assheputsit,to"off-source."
KAYWESTERFIELD:
"Whilecostremainsamajorfactorindecisionsaboutwheretooff-source,thequalityofthelaborpool劳动大军isgainingimportance,andthisincludesEnglishlanguageskills."
Also,shesaysEnglishskillsoftenprovideacompetitiveedge竞争优势forbusinessstudentswhentheyseekjobs.
KAYWESTERFIELD:
"AsonebusinessstudentinWestAfricaputit,'Englishisalifeline生命线.'"
2011-1-27
ChangesaretakingplaceinSiliconValley硅谷inCalifornia.
TwoyearsagoMr.Jobsreceivedanewliver.Intwothousandfourhehadpancreatic胰腺的cancer.Thismonth'sannouncementdidnotsayhowlonghemightbeawayorgiveareason.
Applereportedrecord-highearnings创历史新高的盈利forthefinalthreemonthsoflastyear.ButthehealthofSteveJobsalwaysbringsquestionsaboutthefutureofthecompany.
HehelpedstartAppleComputerinnineteenseventy-six.TodaythecompanythatplayedabigpartinthepersonalcomputingrevolutionjustcallsitselfApple.ItsproductsincludetheiPod苹果公司推出的大容量MP3播放器andiPhone智能手机,anditexpectstosellsixmillioniPad苹果的平板电脑tablet平板computersthisyear.
SteveJobshaslongbeenApple'spublicface.Butsomemightforgetthatheleftinnineteeneighty-fivetoformacomputercompanycalledNeXT.
AppleboughtNeXTinnineteenninety-six.Mr.JobsrejoinedAppleandbecamethepermanentCEOintwothousand.
LastMay,ApplepassedMicrosoftinmarketvalue市价andbecamethemostvaluabletechnologycompanyintheworld.
Mr.Jobssayshewillremainchiefexecutiveofficerandstayinvolvedinmajordecisionsduringhismedicalleave.ButheputTimCook,hischiefoperatingofficer,incontrolofdailyoperations.
AsSteveJobsstepsbackatApple,EricSchmidtissteppingdownatGoogle.Mr.SchmidtplanstoleavehisCEOjobinAprilafteralmosttenyears.HewillremainonGoogle'sboardofdirectors董事会.
LarryPagewasGoogle'sfoundingCEOwhenhelaunchedthecompanywithSergeyBrininnineteenninety-eight.ButMr.SchmidthasbeenthepublicfaceofGooglewhileMr.Pagehasmainlyworkedonnewproducts.
TodayGoogleistheworldleaderinInternetsearchandhasproductsliketheAndroidoperatingsystemformobiledevices.ButGoogleisseenastryingtorecapturethecreativeenergyandspeedofitsearlydays.
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