高考总复习代词讲解.docx
- 文档编号:11779849
- 上传时间:2023-04-01
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:17
- 大小:267.68KB
高考总复习代词讲解.docx
《高考总复习代词讲解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高考总复习代词讲解.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
高考总复习代词讲解
高考总复习代词讲解
代词的用法
代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为100%,每年至少测试一道题。
测试代词常用对话形式,构成特定语境,考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。
代词指代的范围、作主语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微差别都是高考的必考点。
其中不定代词one,theone,ones与that,those,it的用法区别。
代词的概念:
代词是指代替名词以及起名词作用的词、短语或句子的词。
主要分人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词。
代词的分类:
分类
人称数量
人称代词
物主代词
反身代词
主格
宾格
形容词性
名词性
第一人称单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
第二人称单数
you
you
your
yours
yourself
第三人称单数
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
第一人称复数
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称复数
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称复数
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
1.人称代词
分清主格和宾格形式,主格主要用作主语,宾格主要宾语和表语。
Iboughtapresentforhim.—Whoisit?
—It'sme.
2.物主代词:
名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语,构成双重所有格:
afriendofmine。
形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。
通常:
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词
例如:
Thisisn’tmyshirt;mineisoverthere.
注意:
分清主格宾格,主语用主格,宾格主要宾语和表语
形容词物主代词时候+名词Thepandaisitstop(attract).
形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词Isithiscoat
No,itismine.
练习:
1.Shall________(we)gotothezoobybusorbybike?
2.Bobloves_______(he)motherverymuch.
3.Whoboughtitfor______(she)
4.Jimisaverygoodboy.Wealllike______(he).
5.________(we)newmodelplanecanflyveryhigh.
6.Ihavealovelycat,______(it)nameisCarl.
7.Thisis_______(he)bike.
8.Shedoesn’tlike_______(she)newdressatall.
9.IsthisredcoatyoursNo,_________isyellow.
10.
•物主代词构成的短语
•loseone’swaydoone'sbest
•earnone’slivingkeepone'sword
•holdone’sbreathsaveone'slife
•makeupone’smindinone'sopinion
三.反身代词:
反身代词通常作宾语、表语和同位语。
a.作宾语:
Weenjoyedourselvesverymuchlastnight.
Pleasehelpyourselftosomefish.
b.作表语;be,系动词feel,look,seem之后
Iamnotmyselftoday.
Thepoorgirlinthepictureismyself
c.作同位语
Thethingitselfisnotimportant.
Imyselfcandoitwell.
•*.反身代词习惯用语。
•teachoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得高兴;seatoneself请坐
•dressoneself自己穿上衣服;helpyourselfto自取,随便吃一点……;
•talktooneself自言自语;calloneslef自称
•makeoneselfunderstood使自己让别人理解;
四.相互代词:
有eachother和oneanother两组。
eachother用于两个人或是物之间,译为“互相,彼此”;
oneanother用于三个或是三个以上的人或物之间。
Youtwoshouldhelpeachotherwiththeirstudy.
Werespectoneanother.Weoftenpointouteachother’smistakes.
五.指示代词:
this,that,these,those,thesame(同样的),such(这样的),so(这样).
1.this(these)近指;this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物(将要发生)
e.g.Thisisanovelandthatisamagazine.
Thisgiftisforyouandthatoneisforyourbrother.
IlikethesesbooksbutIdon’tlikethose(books).
Whathetoldmeisthis:
hewantedtogotoBeijing.
2.而that(those)远指,而that(those)常指刚提到或是已经完成的事情。
e.g.
Hedidn'tcome.Thatiswhyhedidn'tknow.
That’sall,thankyou!
3.such指前面所述提到的这样的人或事物,
so代替一个句子或者短语所表达的事情,
thesame指刚刚提到的同一个人或事物
Ihaveneverseensuchafunnyfilm
AsfarasIknow,thereisnosuchcarinthisplace.
Itisgoingtoraintonight.Ihopeso./Ihopenot.
Iamthesameageasyou.
Happynewyear!
Thesametoyou.
3.one,ones,theone,theones,that,those,it
One
a/an+单数名词
Ones
复数名词
Theone
The+单数名词
Theones
The+复数名词
That
The+单数名词/不可数名词(尤其是有后置定语)
those
The+复数名词(尤其是有后置定语)
It
指代前面提到同一个事物
Mypenislost.Imustlookforit.
Mypenislost.Imustbuyone.
Ipreferredrosestowhiteones.
Theboyinthisclassareclevererthattheones/thoseinthatclass.
ThepopulationofChinaisbiggerthanthatofIndia.(that=thepopulation)
Thecellphoneswemadenowadaysarebetterthanthose/theonesmade2yearsago.
练习:
1.Ihavelostmyumbrella;I'mlookingfor______.
2.Ihavelostmyumbrella;IthinkImustbuy______.
3.Theumbrellayouboughtischeaperthan_____Ibought.
4.Thewaterinthecupishotterthan______inthepot.
5.Therewereafewyoungpeopleandsomeolder________inthehouse.
6.Mary'shandwritingisfarbetterthan______ofPeter.
8.Ifound______hardtogetonwithher.
9.Hehassavedmylife.I'llneverforget_____.
10.Don’ttakethenotebookaway.Mywifeisusing.
11.I’mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthaninthecity.
12.We’vebeenlookingathousesbuthaven’tfoundwelikeyet.
13.Manywillfailtofindjobsorlosethetheyhave.
总结:
that可以指代可数单数或特指不可数名词,相当于“the+单数可数名词/不可数名词”;
those只能代替可数名词复数(=thoseones或theones);
one用来代替前面出现的单数可数名词(泛指),相当于“a/an+单数名词”;
it指前面所指的同一物
ones用来代替前面出现的可数名词复数(泛指);theone用来代替前面出现的可数名词单数(特指),有时可用that来代替;
theones用来代替前面可数名词复数,有时可以用those来代替(特指);
—Whydon'twetakealittlebreak —Didn'twejusthave__________
A.it B.that C.one D.this
TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_________willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.
A.they B.it C.one D.which
六.不定代词:
不明确指代某个(些)人或事物的代词。
1、both,either,neither都表两者范围,在句中作主语、宾语、定语,both可用作同位语。
both意为"两者都",either表"两者中任一个",neither表"两者都不"。
【2017全国卷】改错:
Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.
2、any,none,all表三者或三者以上范围,any表任何一个、一些(不可数或复数概念,用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中);none表三者或三者以上中的哪一个都不;表示不可数物中的一点儿也没有;all整个的;所有的(三者或三者以上);所有的(不可数)。
E.g.Thisbookisagoodseller,soyoucanbuyitatanyshopinBeijing.
Noneofusare/isperfect.
Allofthevillagewasflooded.
some用于肯定句或由情态动词引导的某种请求或是意愿的疑问句。
Thereissomewaterhere.Wouldyouliketodrinksomemilk?
练习:
1.Toreachanagreement,sidesmustmakeconcession.
2.Ifyourunaftertwohares,youwillcatch.
3.Youcanwriteonside.
4.Hewantstoinviteofhisfriendstohisbirthdayparty.
5.Therearemanydoors.Agoldenkeycanopendoor.
6.ofuscouldlivewithoutair.
7.Therearetressonsides.
8.Mr.andMrs.Liareteachers.
9.Youcansitatendoftheboatifyoucankeepstill.
10.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasesonthesurvey,butcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.
11.LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butofthemwantsto,becausetheyhavealotofworktodo.
12.Alltheboyareclever,butofthemcanworkouttheproblem.
13.Ihavemyjackets,youcantake.
14.______ofthetwinsareinourclass.
15.Wecouldn’tbuyanythingbecause_______oftheshopsopenedatthattime.
16.Wewereallverytired,but_______ofuswouldliketohavearest.
归纳总结:
都
都不
任一
两者
_______
_______
_____
多者
_____
_______
_____
部分否定:
Allbotheveryoneeverybodyeverything以及every+名词都表示全部肯定;
Noone,none,nobody,nothing以及no+名词表示全部否定
当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中,不管not位置在哪里都表示部分否定
Notallofthemsmoke.
Theyarenotbothteachers.
Alltheboysdon’tlikeEnglish.
Suchathingcan’tbefoundeverywhere.
3、noone,nobody,none,nothing:
noone,nobody表没有人,nothing指没有什么事物,none兼指人和物。
None着眼于数量概念。
”特指的人或物一个也没有,一点儿也没有”。
—Howmanypeoplearethereinthehall /Isthereanywaterinit—None.
—Whowantstogowithhim?
—Noone(Nobody).
—Whatcanyouseeinthebottle—
Nothing.
4、another,theother,theothers,other,others
another表三者或三者以上范畴中的任一;与数词连用,表”再有”,another+基数词+名词(s)=基数词+名词(s)+more;theother表两者中的另外那个,特指;theother+复数名词(或theothers),另外那些,表示其余所有的人或物,用于特指;others(或other+复数名词)另一些,表余下人或物中的另一些,泛指。
—Idon’tlikethis,showmeanotherone.
Thereisanotherwayofdealingwiththeproblem.
Whereshallwebeinanothertenyears
—Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyou’llhavetopay_______$15.
A.another B.other C.more D.Each
*Iwillstayhereforanotherthreedays.
3moredays.
3otherdays.
Ihavetwobooks.OneisaboutEnglish,theotherisaboutFrench.
Hehastwosons,oneisadoctor,theotherisafarmer.
Therearemanybooksonthetable.SomeareEnglish,theothersareFrench.
Hisideaswereoftendifferentfromothers.
Somepraisehim,whileotherscondemnhim.
搭配:
1.one…another
Tolearnisonething,toteachisanother.
Tosayisonething,todoisanother.
2.some...others...有些……有些……;
Someliketea,otherslikemilk.
Somesayyes,whileotherssayno.
3.one...theother...一个……(特指两者中的)另一个……
Ihavetwobooks,oneisEnglish,theotherisFrench.
4.Ontheonehand,ontheotherhand,一方面,另一方面
Ontheonehand,Iamyourteacher,ontheotherhand,Iamyoufriend.
练习:
1.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisaworker,_______isateacher.
2.Studentsareusuallyinterestedinsports.Somelikerunning;somelikeswimming;_______likeballgames.
3.Wewereallverytired,but_______ofuswouldliketohavearest.
4.______ofthetwinsareinourclass.
5.Boys,don’ttouchthemachines,oryoumayhurt_______.
6.Wecouldn’tbuyanythingbecause_______oftheshopsopenedatthattime.
5、every,each
Each指两者或以上的每一个,可作主语、定语或同位语,可跟of,
every指三者及以上的每一个,只可作定语,且后只能接可数名词单数
EachofushasanEnglishbook.EachstudenthasanEnglishbook.
WeeachhaveanEnglishbook.EverystudenthasanEnglishbook.
6、few,afew,little,alittle,many,much
Ihavemanybooks/muchmoney.
Therearefew/afewapplesonthedesk.
Thereislittle/alittlewaterinthebottle.
练习:
1.(很多)peopledon’thave(很多)food.
2.(很多)mistakesarecausedbycarelessness.
3.(很少)peoplecanlivetobe100yearsold.
4.Youhavedonevery(很少)forme.
5.Thereistimeleft,Hurryup.
6.Thereistimeleft.Pleasedon’thurry.
7.Comeinandhave(一点)whisky.
8.ShehaswrittenmanybooksbutIhaveonlyread(少数).
7、anyone=anybody,anyoneeveryone=everybody,everyonesomeone=somebody,someone合写一般指人,分写则人、物均可表示,另外合写后不接of,分写则可接of。
Weeveryoneshouldstudyhard.Everyoneofusshouldstudyhard.
【注意】anyone,anybody表示任何人,anything表示任何事或物,强调个体;everyone表示每个人,everything表示每件事或物,强调全部。
8.It用法
1.Itissonoisyhere.这儿吵死了。
2.Whattimeisitbyyourcellphone
3.ItseldomsnowsinGuangzhou.
4.It’saboutonekilometerfromheretothepark.
5.Thisismynewpen.Iboughtityesterday.
6.—Whoseexercise-bookisthat—It’shers.
7.Whatabeautifulbaby!
Isitaboy
8.—Whoisthemanoverth
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 高考 复习 代词 讲解