报刊文章宣读 读报常识.docx
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报刊文章宣读 读报常识.docx
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报刊文章宣读读报常识
读报常识
1,ThethreemostinfluentialmetropolitannewspapersintheStates:
TheNewYorkTimes《纽约时报》(1851)Motto:
AlltheNewsthat’sFittoPrint”
TheWashingtonPost《华盛顿邮报》(1877)
TheLosAngelesTimes《洛杉矶时报》(1881)
2.thethreemostinfluentialnewsmagazinesintheStates:
TIME《时代》杂志(1923)
U.S.News&WorldReport《美国新闻与世界报道》1948
Newsweek《新闻周刊》(1933)whichwillswitchtoanall-digitalformatin2013.Its
lastprinteditionwillappearonDec.31,2012.
3.TheonlynationaldailyintheUSA---------USAToday(1983)
4.ThethreemostimportantbusinessmagazinesintheStates:
BusinessWeek《商业周刊》1929
Forbesmagazine《福布斯》,1917,well-knownforitslists,includingitslistsofthe
richestAmericanstheForbes400anditslistofbillionaires.Itsmotto:
“The
CapitalistTool”
Fortune《财富》杂志,1930(theFortune500,theFortune500OutsidetheU.S.,
theLargestBanksOutsidetheU.S.,theLargestIndustrialCompaniesintheWorld)
5.Twoworld-famousbusinessnewspapersintheworld
TheWallStreetJournal(American)《华尔街日报》(美国)(1889)
TheFinancialTimes(British)《金融时报》(英国)(1888)ItixtheonlypaperintheUK
providingfulldailyreportsontheLondonStockExchangeandworldmarkets.
(CF.中国也有一份《金融时报》,英文名是FinancialNews)
6.TheTimes(1785)《泰晤士报》andtheSundayTimes《星期日泰晤士报》
TheTimeswaspublishedinbroadsheetformatfor219years,butswitchedtocompactsizein2004partlytoattempttoappealtoyoungerreadersandpartlytoappealtocommutersusingpublictransport.
7.ThetwomajorpoliticalpartiesintheU.S.
TheDemocraticParty(Democrats)民主党;aDemocrat共和党人
TheRepublicanParty(Republicans)共和党;aRepublican民主党人
8.ThethreemostimportantpartiesintheU.K.
(The)ConservativeParty保守党
(The)LaborParty工党
(The)LiberalDemocrats(TheLiberalDemocraticParty自由民主党
9.USGovernment:
TheUnitedStatesofAmerica美利坚合众国
TheSeparationoflegislative,executiveandjudicialpowers立法、行政与司法三权分立
Congress国会consistsoftheSenate参议院andtheHouseofRepresentatives众议院
TheSenatehas100senators,参议员eachservessixyearsatermwithnotermlimitations.Sen.isshortforSenatorTheHouseofRepresentativeshas435representatives众议员,eachservestwoyearsaterm.
Theseparationofpowersandalsochecksandbalancessystem三权分立与相互制衡的制度:
ThreebranchesarecreatedintheAmericanConstitution.:
thelegislativebranch,composedofthetwoHouses,theexecutivebranch,composedofthePresident,Vice-PresidentandtheDepartmentsandthejudicialbranch,composedofthefederalcourtsandtheSupremeCourt.Eachofthesebrancheshascertainpowers,andeachofthesepowersislimited,orcheckedbyanotherbranch.
TheFederalReserveisthecentralbankoftheUnitedStates.
10.TheAmericanpresidentialelectionalsocalledgeneralelection)
ElectionDay.选举日Tuesday,Nov.2nd–8th,
AvictoryspeechisusuallydeliveredontheElectionDaybythepresident-electtohissupporters.
Popularelection普选
ElectoralCollege选举团
Presidentialelectors总统选举人(435+100+3=538electors)
Electoralvote选举人票,alsocalledelectoralcollegevotes
Popularvote普选票,民选票
ThePresident-elect当选总统
Vice-president-elect当选副总统
Termlimitforthepresident:
twoterms(eachtermfouryears)
Mid-termelection(美国)中期选举
In2012BarrackObamawonre-electionbydefeatinghisrivalMittRomney,theRepublicancandidate.
11,TheBritishGovernment
Fullname:
TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
Constitutionalmonarchy君主立宪制Cf:
parliamentarydemocracy议会民主制
Constitutionalmonarch立宪君主
ParliamentconsistsoftheHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommonsandtheMonarch
TheHouseofLords(theUpperHouse,theLords)上议院,贵族院
TheHouseofCommons(theLowerHouse,theCommons)下议院,平民院
Britain'sConservativesandLiberalDemocratsformedacoalition(联合政府)aftertheMay62010GeneralElectionfailedtogiveanyonepartyanoverallmajority.It'sthefirstcoalitioninBritainsinceWWII.LaborpartyisnowtheOpposition.工党现为反对党
DavidCameronistheleaderoftheConservativeparty.HebecameBritishPrimeMinisterinMay,2010attheageof43,theyoungestPMfornearly200years.
PMsisshortformembersofParliament
Britain'sConservativesandLiberalDemocratsformedacoalition(联合政府)aftertheMay62010GeneralElectionfailedtogiveanyonepartyanoverallmajority.It'sthefirstcoalitioninBritainsinceWWII.LaborpartyisnowtheOpposition.工党现为反对党
Mrs.ThatcherwhodiedinApril2013,hasgonedowninhistoryas“IronLady”andthefirstandtheonlywomanprimeministerinGreatBritain.
12.FromtheBritishEmpiretotheCommonwealthofNations英联邦
WilliamtheConqueror,theDukeofNormandy,invadedandconqueredEnglandandtheAnglo-Saxonsintheyearof1066..TheNormanConquestintroducedthefeudalsystemandthefirstcentralizationofpowertoEngland.
theBritishEmpire大英帝国
TheBritishEmpirebeganwiththecolonizationofNewfoundlandin1583.Atitsheightinthelate19thandearly20thcentury,itincluded25%oftheworld’spopulationandarea.TodayitisreplacedbytheCommonwealthofNationsorcommonwealth,originallycalledtheBritishCommonwealthofNations.
TheCommonwealthnowhas54memberstates
TheheadoftheCommonwealthistheBritishmonarch,now:
QueenElizabeth
II.
TheDiamondJubileeofQueenElizabethIIistheinternationalcelebrationthroughout2012markingthe60thanniversaryoftheaccessionofQueenElizabethIItothethronesofsevencountriesuponthedeathofherfather,KingGeorgeVIon6February1952.SuchacelebrationwasonlythesecondinBritishhistory.QueenVictoria’sDiamondJubileein1897wasthefirst.
13.TwomostfamousqueensintheBritishhistory:
QueenElizabethI(1533-1603),QueenofEngland(1558-1603)
CfQueenElizabethII(1926-)
QueenVictoria(1819-1901)QueenofGreatBritain(1837-1901)
14.TheABCofnewspaperreading
qualitynewspaper讲究质量的报刊,seriousnewspaper
broadsheet大开张的报纸(通常为严肃的讲究质量的报刊)
Britishqualitynewspapers:
TheTimes,TheSundayTimes,TheIndependent,TheGuardian,TheObserver,TheTelegraph
tabloid(以轰动性报导为特点的,多图画的,小开张的)小报,如Daily
Mirror,(1903,theworld’sfirsttabloid)andtheSun
Themajordifferencesbetweentabloidsandbroadsheets:
Tabloidsareusuallymoreglossywithalotmorecolorandpictures.Theyalsotendtofocusmoreonlessseriousnews,likefashion,entertainmentandgossip.Abroadsheetfocusesmoreonseriousnews,likepolitics,government,business,andindustry.InBritain,thebroadsheetsaregenerallybelievedtobequalitynewspapersButpapersprintedonsmallpagescouldalsobequalitynewspaper,theTimes,forexample.
DailyMirrorissaidtobethefirsttabloidintheworldanditschiefrivaltodayinBritainisTheSunwhichisverypopular.
Dateline(标明日期和地点的)新闻电讯的电头
Byline报刊文章头上用by标出作者姓名的一行
lead导语
coverstory封面故事,封面文章
PulitzerPrize普利策奖
softnews软性新闻
hardnews硬性新闻
Newspaperspublishbothsoftnewsandhardnewsarticles,eachtypecallsforadifferentcommitment,approach,andresultfromthewriter.
15.Abbreviations缩略词
GDP,Grossdomesticproduct国内生产总值
MBAMasterofBusinessAdministration工商管理硕士
CEOChiefExecutiveOfficer首席执行官
IPOInitialPublicOffering首次公开发行,原始股
GOPGrandOldParty老大党(指共和党)
CNNCableNewsNetwork(美国)有线新闻网
16.Linguistics语言学
2007’sWordoftheYear:
subprime次贷,Thelanguagefamily语系
theIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily印欧语系(Note:
NotallEuropeanlanguagesbelongtothislanguagefamily.TheBritishCouncil英国文化委员会
LinguaFranca混合语,交际语,thelanguageusedbypeoplewhosenativelanguagesaredifferent.TheFrench-onlypolicy只允许用法语的政策
ThedevelopmentofEnglishcanbedividedintothreeperiods:
OldEnglish(500–1100AD),MiddleEnglish(1100-1500AD)andModernEnglish.(1500___present).
难句解释
1.China’sGrowthPosesOpportunityandRisk
1.Japanhaseffectivelyrunoutoflow-wageworkersforitsindustries,andquicklybroughtmuchofitseconomyuptoandinsomecasesbeyondWesterntechnologicalstandards.
日本在工业方面实际上已无低工资的工人可用了,它已快速地将其经济的相当部分提升到,并在某些方面超越了西方的技术标准。
2.ButwhilethedangerposesbyJapantoothereconomiesoverthelastdecadehastakenonthenumbingformofeconomicstagnationandpoliticallassitude,Chinaposestheriskoffast,fastsharpshocks.
但是正当日本在过去十年中对其他经济体构成的威胁呈现出经济迟滞、政治上无所作为的麻木状态时,中国的威胁却是迅猛而又令人惊心的。
3.Itstransitionfromaplannedeconomytoaformofcapitalismseemstomakeitespeciallysusceptibletoeconomicboomsandbusts,andChineseofficialshavebegunworryingthatanunsustainablebubbleisdeveloping.
它由计划经济向某种形式的资本主义的转变似乎使之特别容易受到经济荣衰的影响;中国的官员开始担忧,不可持续的泡沫正在形成。
4.China’sstrengthsareindeedimpressive.ItswageadvantageismuchgreaterthanJapan’swasadecadeortwoago,Chinahasthediplomaticmuscletoresisttradeandcurrencyconcessionsthatmightundermineitscompetitiveedge.
中国的力量确实令人印象深刻。
它在工资方面的优势要比一二十年前日本在这方面的优势大得多。
中国还有强大的外交力量以阻止贸易与货币方面的退让,这种退让有可能损害其竞争优势。
5.Forallthesereasons,theChinesetradesurpluswiththeUnitedStateshassoared,quintuplinginthelastdecadeto$124billionin2003.
由于这些原因,中国对美国的贸易顺差得以飞速增长,在过去十年中增加了五倍,于2003年达到了1240亿美元。
6.Wearingabluecompanybaseballhatandabluecompany-issuedshirt,sheworks8to11hoursadaystuffingpowercords,remotecontrolsandotherDVDaccessoriesintoplasticbags.
她带着公司的蓝色棒球帽,穿着公司发的蓝衬衣,一天工作八到十一个小时,将电源线,摇控器及其他DVD配件塞进一个个塑料袋中。
7.thebiggestquestionlingeringoverChinaishowvulnerableitremainstoacutesetbacks____abankingfailure,aninflationaryspiral,evenatemporarybust.
一个一直以来让中国挥之不去的最大问题是,它对于急剧的挫折仍是如何脆弱,诸如银行破产、螺旋式通货膨胀,那怕是短暂的经济衰退等。
8.afterthreedecadesofspectaculargrowth,ChinapassedJapaninthesecondquartertobecometheworld’ssecond-largesteconomybehindtheUnitedStates,accordingtogovernmentfiguresreleasedearlyMonda
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