数字化成图实习报告剖析.docx
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数字化成图实习报告剖析.docx
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数字化成图实习报告剖析
存档号:
148111642学号:
201108016042
石家庄铁路职业技术学院
毕业实习报告
承德数字化测图实习报告
系部测绘工程系
专业名称工程测量技术
指导教师Ⅰ聂振钢
指导教师Ⅱ
学生姓名杨帅
二○一四年六月
石家庄铁路职业技术学院
一实习目的.....................................3
二实习地点......................................3
三实习仪器与软件................................3
四实习要求......................................3
五实习内容......................................3
六实习步骤......................................3
七实习总结.....................................38
八心得体会.....................................38
一、实习目的
数字化成图是一门实践性很强的课程,为了进一步巩固和深化课堂教学内容,培养学生运用所学测量学基本理论和基本技能解决实际问题的能力,熟悉大比例尺数字化测图生产作业过程,是所学的理论知识与实践相结合,从而巩固和加深对知识的理解,并增强动手能力,加强基本功训练和测量工程师素质的培养,培养学生吃苦耐劳、团结协作的集体精神,培养严格认真的科学态度和实事求是的工作作风。
二、实习地点
承德双桥区
三、实习仪器与软件
GPS,全站仪一台,棱镜及杆2套,铁锤一把,钉子若干,笔若干,记录本若干,cass软件。
四、实习要求
1)熟练掌握全站仪测量仪器的使用方法;
2)掌握导线的观测方法和计算方法;
3)了解全站仪测土的基本方法和测图过程;
4)掌握数字测图的基本要求和成图过程,掌握大比例尺数字测图方法和数字成图软禁的使用。
五、实习内容
碎步测量和Cass数字化成图
六、实习步骤
(一)碎步测量
测量步骤
首先建立控制点和碎步点文件,在控制点假设全站仪,棱镜放到与其邻近的控制点,在全站仪上输入测站坐标(采用调用的方式),然后调用后视点的坐标,瞄准棱镜,输入仪器高和棱镜高,进行检核和定向。
一切满足精度后,进行碎步测量;棱镜杆放在所测的点上,用全站仪测量碎步点的坐标和高程,草图人员跟着扶尺人员绘制工作草图,在工作草图上记录地形要素名称,碎步点的连接关系。
地物地貌特征点的选取
地物特征点主要是房角点,公路的转点,花坛的边界点、适当密度的高程注记点,在圆弧处适当多选取几点
地貌特征点主要是山脊线和山谷线,在山谷线和山脊线上适当选取多点,然后再山的两面按照10——15m的距离选取一定的碎步点
碎步测量中遇到的技术问题及处理方法
在遇到一些测不了的点时,采用支导线的方法解决,
测量房屋的房角点时,有时只能测量房屋的两个房角点,用支导线又太麻烦,采用卷尺量取房屋的宽度和长度,这样减少了工作量
在导入数据的时候,出现导入数据的格式不对,在几台电脑上导入数据(所有的参数都正确的前提下)都不成功的前提下,各组先是讨论问题,然后问老师出现的问题的原因,最后只得在一定的时间测完后到老师办公室导数据。
测量地物时,在山头上选取碎步点的间距不清楚应该是多少,主动问老师解决问题(是10——15m)
在测量碎步点定向检核时出现了测量的坐标与输入的坐标差了太多,先是检查后视点的点位是否正确,如果正确再检查测站点的坐标调用是否正确,如果都不正确的话,让扶尺的人将尺子扶正。
(二)GPS定位
(1)静态测量
作业过程
(1)架设基准站
将基准站GPS接收机安置在开阔的地方,架设电台和天线。
启动基准站,并建立一个新的工程。
(2)启动基准站
显示连接接收机后,输入基准站所在控制点的名称、天线高度。
(2)动态测量
(三)碎步测量
首先建立控制点和碎步点文件,在控制点假设全站仪,棱镜放到与其邻近的控制点,在全站仪上输入测站坐标(采用调用的方式),然后调用后视点的坐标,瞄准棱镜,输入仪器高和棱镜高,进行检核和定向。
一切满足精度后,进行碎步测量;棱镜杆放在所测的点上,用全站仪测量碎步点的坐标和高程,草图人员跟着扶尺人员绘制工作草图,在工作草图上记录地形要素名称,碎步点的连接关系。
地物特征点主要是房角点,公路的转点,花坛的边界点、适当密度的高程注记点,在圆弧处适当多选取几点
地貌特征点主要是山脊线和山谷线,在山谷线和山脊线上适当选取多点,然后再山的两面按照10——15m的距离选取一定的碎步点
碎步测量中遇到的技术问题及处理方法
在遇到一些测不了的点时,采用支导线的方法解决,
测量房屋的房角点时,有时只能测量房屋的两个房角点,用支导线又太麻烦,采用卷尺量取房屋的宽度和长度,这样减少了工作量
在导入数据的时候,出现导入数据的格式不对,在几台电脑上导入数据(所有的参数都正确的前提下)都不成功的前提下,各组先是讨论问题,然后问老师出现的问题的原因,最后只得在一定的时间测完后到老师办公室导数据。
在进行碎部点采集时往往会遇到一些特殊情况。
对于比较复杂的地方通视一定不好,也许将棱镜举高能采到点,若就几个点还行,点多时这么采点测出的地物一定偏差很大,因此就应该找一个视野开阔的地方支一站过去再测,这样往往会事半功倍。
当对多点房屋进行采点时,有时一些拐角会被挡住,同时支站过去测有没意义,此时应在此拐角一边延长线上的某处采一点,在用钢尺量出此处到拐角的距离并及时标注到草图上。
对于一些电杆、通信杆、路灯等地物棱镜无法放置正中,此时采点时应该采用偏心去采;对于一些直径较大的烟囱、广告牌等应该在其外围采集三个点。
有时会遇到些家中长期无人在家,工厂长期关门,跑镜员无法进去摆棱镜的情况,此时应在两个测站上对其一个拐角进行水平角测量,使用方向交汇的方法交出其拐角点。
对于钢尺无法去量距时应用测距仪去测距。
此外在采集碎部点的同时要按规定将高程点进行采集,直接在编号前加上一个字母以示区别就行了。
在采集细部点的同时,应在采集数据的现场,实时绘制测站草图。
草图内容包括:
测站点点号,细部点编号及属性,地物、地形、地貌轮廓,本测站起止细部点编号,测量时间,草图绘制人员。
只要绘制好测站草图,才有利于内业电子成图及查图。
草图应列入上交资料。
每天测完后要及时将全站仪中的坐标数据与CASS软件直接通讯到微机中,与控制点一并展绘。
测量地物时,在山头上选取碎步点的间距不清楚应该是多少,主动问老师解决问题(是10——15m)
在测量碎步点定向检核时出现了测量的坐标与输入的坐标差了太多,先是检查后视点的点位是否正确,如果正确再检查测站点的坐标调用是否正确,如果都不正确的话,让扶尺的人将尺子扶正。
(四)数字化成图
我们测得的数据如下:
0000,,3005.000,3005.000,50.000
0001,,3000.000,3000.000,50.000
0002,,2979.260,3030.912,49.636
0003,,2987.354,3012.726,49.764
0004,,2991.005,3004.712,49.903
0005,,2988.639,3001.979,49.979
0006,,2985.280,3000.743,50.126
0007,,2982.485,2999.241,49.952
0008,,2979.191,2997.755,50.189
0009,,2976.326,2996.025,50.000
0010,,2972.860,2994.699,50.226
0011,,2970.901,2993.844,49.801
0012,,2967.641,2992.360,49.504
0013,,2964.651,2990.990,49.124
0014,,2965.027,2990.590,49.346
0015,,2958.652,2988.146,49.318
0016,,2955.299,2986.770,49.132
0017,,2952.170,2985.270,48.963
0018,,2958.201,2969.906,49.531
0019,,2966.298,2973.598,48.873
0020,,2969.239,2975.090,49.134
0021,,2977.275,2978.796,48.900
0022,,2980.344,2980.110,50.079
0023,,2988.462,2983.766,52.539
0024,,2991.386,2985.136,50.619
0025,,2999.517,2988.917,50.098
0026,,3002.362,2982.997,50.089
0027,,3004.199,2997.752,51.004
0028,,3008.229,2968.580,49.930
0029,,3008.987,2966.757,49.924
0030,,3018.510,2946.181,49.607
0031,,2999.310,3006.845,50.038
0032,,3001.092,3002.989,49.959
0033,,3046.335,3023.840,49.483
0034,,2990.779,2998.665,49.744
0035,,2993.872,2991.726,49.776
0036,,2977.482,2984.139,50.104
0037,,2975.717,2983.324,50.965
0038,,2957.116,2974.757,51.404
0,,1000.000,2000.000,60.000
1,,1008.397,1983.268,57.847
2,,1003.049,1990.302,59.472
3,,0992.941,2003.981,59.843
4,,0986.342,2013.819,59.585
5,,0983.338,2016.889,58.184
6,,0979.916,2012.361,59.619
7,,0974.813,2028.520,59.461
8,,0971.570,2032.615,61.121
9,,0964.995,2042.832,59.103
10,,0974.967,2040.748,59.815
11,,0978.033,2036.227,59.786
12,,0981.979,2031.034,59.758
13,,0993.538,2017.240,59.548
14,,0993.862,2015.678,59.626
15,,0994.988,2014.259,59.640
16,,0998.847,2010.257,59.500
17,,1003.345,2013.472,58.101
18,,1004.228,2012.406,59.510
19,,1006.413,2013.994,59.535
20,,1013.376,2019.205,59.523
21,,1021.059,2024.894,58.032
22,,1027.956,2030.118,59.614
23,,1030.154,2031.716,59.579
24,,1034.256,2035.374,58.154
25,,1044.058,2022.307,59.157
26,,1038.942,2017.320,59.567
27,,1039.796,2016.129,59.403
28,,1036.387,2015.366,59.582
29,,1033.528,2013.319,58.692
30,,1030.948,2011.251,59.567
31,,1028.137,2009.232,59.566
32,,1026.075,2007.669,59.577
33,,1023.332,2005.508,59.386
34,,1020.750,2003.697,59.062
35,,1017.803,2001.484,59.025
36,,1015.325,1999.563,59.068
37,,1012.543,1997.474,59.749
38,,1010.551,1994.147,59.599
39,,1015.990,1986.767,59.711
40,,1021.517,1977.940,60.090
41,,1024.688,1974.886,60.144
42,,1010.898,1981.288,59.785
43,,1011.259,1983.633,59.854
44,,1004.560,1992.547,59.825
45,,1003.587,1991.645,59.788
46,,1001.811,1993.378,59.788
47,,1003.417,1994.455,59.847
48,,0996.284,2000.925,59.814
49,,0997.655,2002.020,59.842
50,,0994.055,2004.153,59.796
51,,0995.426,2005.180,59.833
52,,0985.280,2018.816,59.922
53,,0983.765,2017.773,59.854
54,,0983.961,2020.847,59.914
55,,0965.595,2045.510,59.903
56,,0963.650,2048.272,59.841
57,,0947.776,2070.103,59.367
58,,1002.224,2005.537,59.802
59,,1007.374,1998.687,59.757
00,,2000.000,2000.000,30.000
01,,2500.000,2500.000,10.000
02,,2009.349,2010.675,22.800
03,,2007.697,2009.578,21.852
04,,2002.781,2019.611,22.818
05,,2001.191,2018.603,22.312
06,,1997.930,2023.153,22.829
07,,1997.667,2021.085,22.522
08,,2014.575,2035.433,22.488
09,,2016.496,2029.584,22.561
10,,2018.135,2030.901,21.339
11,,1984.260,2026.634,22.090
12,,1983.480,2028.641,21.598
13,,1990.598,2031.073,22.140
14,,1998.569,2013.090,22.199
15,,2001.816,2011.421,22.167
16,,1973.276,1999.105,22.211
17,,1972.305,2000.556,22.297
18,,1966.939,1997.788,22.359
19,,1961.769,1991.201,23.004
20,,1963.541,2017.692,21.030
21,,1973.895,1998.005,24.710
22,,1976.873,1991.052,29.548
23,,1967.381,1987.657,28.592
24,,2012.517,2007.327,29.609
25,,2009.418,2014.707,27.504
26,,2010.360,2012.658,27.543
27,,2012.503,2013.678,27.546
28,,2011.597,2015.695,27.496
29,,2014.876,2008.044,30.080
30,,2012.878,2006.949,30.102
31,,2011.338,2052.554,28.450
32,,2002.694,2053.192,28.510
33,,2015.725,2021.031,28.526
34,,2014.178,2020.468,28.465
35,,2017.480,2012.760,28.520
36,,2018.975,2013.396,28.514
37,,2020.756,2009.027,29.906
38,,2019.310,2008.491,29.941
39,,2006.638,1997.611,30.163
40,,2017.779,2002.277,30.068
41,,2021.422,2003.530,29.951
42,,2026.126,2007.397,30.035
43,,2034.238,2010.736,30.085
44,,2037.373,2016.422,29.676
45,,2009.330,1990.896,29.930
46,,2010.250,1988.753,29.990
47,,2011.137,1989.160,29.967
48,,2016.419,1973.477,29.997
49,,2020.714,1960.326,30.017
50,,2022.627,1958.151,30.004
51,,2025.327,1951.406,28.329
52,,2002.505,1996.437,29.840
53,,1993.734,1992.372,29.777
54,,2004.249,1966.623,29.897
55,,2012.412,1946.346,28.445
56,,2009.639,1945.150,28.128
57,,2007.540,1952.345,29.419
58,,2007.371,1948.124,29.837
59,,2005.166,1958.565,29.893
60,,2002.871,1961.602,29.924
61,,2000.372,1967.930,28.494
62,,1997.550,1974.645,29.959
63,,1994.952,1980.934,30.236
64,,2004.843,1965.041,29.283
65,,1993.730,1985.842,29.963
66,,1991.546,1991.291,29.735
67,,1979.535,1986.006,29.784
68,,1985.410,1981.048,30.083
0,,1000.000,1000.000,50.000
1,,1000.000,1005.000,51.900
2,,0999.845,1011.053,49.747
3,,1009.486,1024.164,48.948
4,,1009.975,1020.388,48.848
5,,1009.896,1023.659,48.940
6,,1006.805,1023.488,48.962
7,,1006.423,1023.227,49.690
8,,1003.498,1022.472,50.313
9,,1000.390,1021.649,48.251
10,,0997.488,1020.882,49.852
11,,0996.251,1020.618,50.731
12,,0994.477,1019.768,49.750
13,,0991.599,1018.661,49.808
14,,0997.118,1004.867,50.171
15,,1010.433,1017.458,48.315
16,,1012.744,1017.652,47.921
17,,1012.946,1007.238,48.395
18,,1010.442,1007.475,48.290
19,,1012.835,1005.328,48.077
20,,1010.430,1005.284,48.302
21,,1010.506,0994.189,48.373
22,,1012.762,0994.172,48.213
23,,1006.494,0990.992,48.262
24,,1006.547,0988.642,48.292
25,,1006.411,0985.294,49.890
26,,1006.464,0985.270,49.892
27,,1005.717,0985.192,48.385
28,,1005.797,0983.028,48.391
29,,1002.428,0982.242,51.525
30,,1002.415,0988.437,49.952
31,,1002.356,0990.925,49.908
32,,0999.745,0988.358,50.071
33,,0997.703,0985.007,50.167
34,,0997.614,0982.472,50.427
35,,1000.072,0982.143,52.943
36,,1000.240,0979.799,52.966
37,,1002.621,0979.832,53.125
38,,1002.517,0982.168,53.106
39,,1016.529,0985.780,49.429
40,,1016.573,0997.524,48.421
41,,1020.034,0997.582,48.847
42,,1020.094,1001.303,48.658
43,,1016.570,1001.615,48.854
44,,1016.588,1004.996,48.217
45,,1016.615,1007.336,48.311
46,,1018.061,1007.278,48.309
47,,1016.608,1010.607,47.441
48,,1016.616,1014.845,47.561
49,,1020.126,1014.714,47.035
50,,1016.613,1018.168,48.690
51,,1016.612,1020.510,47.884
52,,1018.116,1020.454,48.547
53,,1014.765,1020.380,47.517
54,,1007.440,1018.965,48.130
55,,1009.228,1018.936,48.134
56,,1009.193,1020.368,48.739
57,,1007.256,1020.423,48.751
1,,3050.000,3050.000,50.000
2,,3000.000,3000.000,50.000
3,,3015.719,3030.348,50.544
4,,3037.165,3047.023,50.172
5,,3038.035,3046.158,50.042
6
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