高三英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案.docx

高三英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案.docx

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高三英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案

高三英语阅读理解专项训练100（附答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Abitefromatsetsefly（采采蝇）isanextremelyunpleasantexperience.Itisnotlikeamosquito,whichcanputitsthinmouthpartdirectlyintoyourblood,oftenwithoutyounoticing.Incontrast,thetsetsefly'smouthhastinysawsonitthatsawintoyourskinonitswaytosuckoutyourblood.

   Tomakemattersworse,severalspeciesoftsetseflycantransmitdiseases.Oneofthemostdangerousisaparasitethatcauses＂sleepingsickness＂,or＂humanAfricantrypanosomiasis＂togiveititsofficialname.Withouttreatment,aninfectionisusuallyfatal.

   Likesomanytropicaldiseases,sleepingsicknesshasoftenbeenneglectedbymedicalresearchers.However,researchershavelongendeavoredtounderstandhowitavoidsourbodies'defencemechanisms.Someoftheirinsightscouldnowhelpuseliminatesleepingsicknessaltogether.

   Therearetwoclosely-relatedsingle-celledparasitesthatcausethisdeathlysleep:

TrypanosomabruceirhodesienseandT.b.gambiense.Thelatterisfarmorecommon:

itisresponsibleforupto95%ofcases,mostlyinwesternAfrica.Ittakesseveralyearstokillaperson,whileT.bruceirhodesiensecancausedeathwithinmonths.Therearestillotherformsthatinfectlivestock.

   Aftertheinitialbite,sleepingsicknesssymptomsoftenstartwithafever,headachesandachingmuscles.Astheillnessgoeson,thoseinfectedbecomeincreasinglytired,whichiswhereitgetsitsname.Personalitychanges,severeconfusionandpoorcoordinationcanalsohappen.

   Whilemedicationdoeshelp,sometreatmentsaretoxicandcanthemselvesbedeadly,especiallyiftheyaregivenafterthediseasehasreachedthebrain.

   Itisworthnotingthatsleepingsicknessisnolongerasdeadlyasitoncewas.Intheearly20thCenturyseveralhundredthousandpeoplewereinfectedeachyear.Bythe1960sthediseasewasconsidered＂undercontrol＂andhadreachedverylownumbers,makingitsspreadmoredifficult.Butinthe1970stherewasanothermajorepidemic,whichtook20yearstocontrol.

   Sincethen,betterscreeningprogrammesandearlierinterventionshavereducedthenumberofcasesdramatically.In2009therewerefewerthan10,000casesforthefirsttimesincerecordsbegan,andin2015thisfiguredroppedtofewerthan3,000,accordingtothelatestfiguresfromtheWorldHealthOrganisation.TheWHOhopesthediseasewillbecompletelyeliminatedby2020.

   Whilethisdeclinelookspositive,theremaybemanymorecasesthatgounreportedinruralAfrica.Toeliminatethediseasecompletely,infectionshavetobecloselymonitored.

   Moreproblematically,aseriesofnewstudieshaveshownthattheparasiteismorecomplicatedthanpreviouslybelieved.

   Sleepingsicknesshasalwaysbeenconsidered——anddiagnosed——asablooddisease,becauseT.bruceiparasitescanreadilybedetectedinthebloodofitsvictims.

（1）Atsetseflyisdifferentfromamosquitointhat________.

A. itcanputitsthinmouthpartdirectlyintoyourblood         

B. allspeciesoftsetseflycantransmitdiseases

C. itcanspreadaparasitethatcauses＂sleepingsickness＂         

D. itsmouthhaslargersawsthanthoseonamosquito

（2）Whatcanbelearnedabout＂sleepingsickness＂accordingtothetext?

A. Itisformallycalled＂humanAmericantrypanosomiasis＂.         

B. Ifleftuntreated,itcanpossiblybedeadly.

C. Itremainsasdeadlyasitusedtobe.             

D. Itusuallydrawsattentionfrommedicalresearchers.

（3）Whatisimpliedinthelastthreeparagraphs?

A. ＂Sleepingsickness＂willbecompletelyeliminatedby2020.         

B. Theparasitecausing＂sleepingsickness＂iseasytodetectnow.

C. T.bruceiparasitescanonlybedetectedinthebloodofitsvictims.         

D. Dataabout＂sleepingsickness＂casesmaynotbesoaccurate.

（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A. Amosquitothatcancarrydeadlydiseases.         

B. Abitefromthisflyputsyouintoadeadlysleep.

C. Symptomsthatarecharacteristicof＂sleepingsickness＂.         

D. Howtocontroldeadly＂sleepingsickness＂fromatsetsefly.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了70年代被采采蝇咬伤很容易感染疾病，传播病菌，一定要小心。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的＂severalspeciesoftsetseflycantransmitdiseases.Oneofthemostdangerousisaparasitethatcauses'sleepingsickness',＂可知，采采蝇可以传播一种寄生虫，导致“昏睡病”故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的＂Withouttreatment,aninfectionisusuallyfatal.＂可知，如果不加以治疗，它可能是致命的，因此选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第三段中的＂Whilethisdeclinelookspositive,theremaybemanymorecasesthatgounreportedinruralAfrica.＂可知，非洲农村可能还有更多的病例未报告，因此关于“昏睡病”病例的数据可能不那么准确，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

整篇文章介绍了采采蝇，尤其说明它可以传播一种＂昏睡病＂，这种病会让患者丧命，因此选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Learning,FastandDeep

   Overthepastfiveyearsresearchersinartificialintelligencehavebecometherockstarsofthetechnologyworld.AbranchofAIknownasdeeplearning,whichusesneural（神经的）networkstoscanthroughlargevolumesofdatalookingforpatterns,hasprovensousefulthatskilledpractitionerscancommandhighsix-figuresalariestobuildsoftwareforAmazon,Apple,FacebookandGoogle.

   ThestandardrouteintothesejobshasbeenaPhDincomputersciencefromoneofAmerica'stopuniversities.Earningonetakesyearsandrequiresapersonalitysuitedtoacademia,whichisrareamongmorenormalfolk.

   Thatischanging.

   Lastmonthfast.ai,anon-profiteducationorganizationbasedinSanFrancisco,kickedoffthethirdyearofitscourseindeeplearning.Sinceitsfoundationithasattractedmorethan100,000studentsaroundtheglobefromIndiatoNigeria.Thecourseandotherslikeit,comewithasimpleidea:

thereisnoneedtospendyearsobtainingaPhDinordertopractisedeeplearning.Creatingsoftwarethatlearnscanbetaughtasacraft,notasahighintellectualpursuittobeundertakenonlyinanivorytower.Fast.ai'scoursecanbecompletedinjustsevenweeks.

   TomakeitaccessibletoanyonewhowantstolearnhowtobuildAIsoftwareistheaimofJeremyHoward,whofoundedfast.aiwithRachelThomas,amathematician.Hesaysschoolmathematicsissufficient."No.Greek.Letters,"Mr.Howardintones,poundingthetablewithhisfistforpunctuation.

   SomeexpertsworrythatthiswillserveonlytocreateafloodofunreliableAIsystemswhichwillbeuselessatbestanddangerousatworst.IntheearliestdaysoftheInternet,onlyaselectfewnerds,namelycomputerholieswithspecificskills,couldbuildapplications.Notmanypeopleusedthem.ThentheinventionoftheWorldWideWebledtoanexplosionofwebpages,bothgoodandbad.ButitwasonlybyopeninguptoallthattheInternetgavebirthtoonlineshopping,instantglobalcommunicationsandsearch.IfMr.Howardandothershavetheirway,makingthedevelopmentofAIsoftwareeasierwillbringforthanewcropoffruitofadifferentkind.

（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutdeeplearning?

A. Itreplacesartificialintelligence.                     

B. Itattractsrockstarstopractice.

C. Itscanspatternsforlargecompanies.            

D. Ithelpstechnicianstocreatesoftware.

（2）Fast.aiisanorganizationthat        .

A. ensuresonetoobtainaPhD                          

B. teachescraftinivorytower

C. offersacourseindeeplearning                     

D. requiresweekstoapply

（3）Theunderlinedwords"No.Greek.Letters"inParagraph5meansdoingfast.aicourseis     .

A. easy                              B. difficult                              C. interesting                              D. boring

（4）Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat    .

A. itisquitereliableforanyonetograspartificialintelligence

B. theInternethasbroughtforthafloodofuselessAIsystems

C. openinguptoallleadstoinstantglobalsearchandonlineshopping

D. simplifyingsoftwaredevelopmentmayresultinunexpectedoutcomes

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人工智能的深度学习被证明很有用，霍华德和数学家托马斯一起创办的非营利性教育机构致力于让深度学习变得简单。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”AbranchofAIknownasdeeplearning,whichusesneuralnetworkstoscanthroughlargevolumesofdatalookingforpatterns…buildsoftwareforAmazon,Apple,FacebookandGoogle.“可知AI技术的一个分支、运用神经网络处理大量数据并从中寻找模式的"深度学习"被证明非常有用，亚马逊、苹果、Facebook和谷歌愿意开出六位数高薪，聘请熟练的专业人员编写软件。

这说明深度学习能帮助编写软件，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Lastmonthfast.ai,anon-profiteducationorganizationbasedinSanFrancisco,kickedoffthethirdyearofitscourseindeeplearning.“可知。

上月，位于旧金山的非营利性教育机构fast.ai进入了它开办深度学习课程的第三年。

也就是说fast.ai是一个提供深度学习课程的组织，故选C。

（3）考查句义猜测。

根据五段中的”Tomakeitaccessibletoanyonewhowantstolearn…Hesaysschoolmathematicsissufficient.“可知让深度学习不再神秘是杰里米·霍华德的目标，为此，他和数学家雷切尔·托马斯一起创立了fast.ai，让任何想学习编写AI软件的人都能学习这门技术。

霍华德说有中学数学知识就足够了。

这说明fast.ai的课程很简单，仅需要中学数学知识。

因此霍华德说"No.Greek.Letters”没有，希腊，字母“是想说fast,ai的深度学习课程很简单。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”IfMrHowardandothershavetheirway,makingthedevelopmentofAIsoftwareeasierwillbringforthanewcropoffruitofadifferentkind.“如果霍华德和其他人如愿以偿，那么让AI软件开发变得更容易将会催生出一批新的不同的果实。

由此推断简化软件开发可能会导致意料之外的结果。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.

   Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetrans