届新高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练5历史文化类.docx
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届新高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练5历史文化类.docx
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届新高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练5历史文化类
2021届新高考英语一轮复习阅读理解专项训练(5)
历史文化类
1.TheSongDynasty(960-1279)isoftenreferredtoastheChineseRenaissance(文艺复兴).Foraboutthreeandaquartercenturies,underitsrule,Chinaenjoyedaperiodofeconomicgrowthwithgreatartisticandintellectualachievements.
OneofthemostimportantfactorsintheSongRenaissancewastheprintingpresswhichmadeforarebirthofclassicalConfucianlearning.Bythe10thcentury,printerswereproducingalargenumberofcopiesoftheclassicalConfuciantexts.Withthisincreaseintheproductionofbooks,educationspreadandbecamewidelyavailable.
PrintingalsohaditsgreatestinfluenceontheChinesepoliticalsystem.IntheSongDynasty,govemmentexaminationsbecamethemostimportantwaytopoliticalpowerinChina.Foralmost1,000years,Chinawasgovemedbymenwhohaddoneverywellinexaminations.Thousandsofstudentsstudiedfortheexams,andthousandsofinexpensivebookswererequired.Withoutprinting,suchasystemwouldnothavebeenpossible.
TheSongperiodwasalsothegoldenageofChinesepainting.EmperorHuizong(1101-1125)wasatalentedpainterwhoencouragedthearts.Aroyalpaintingacademywascreatedandmanyfineartistsweresupported.Theperiodisbestknownfornaturesubjectsandlandscapepaintings.GuoXiusedperspectiveinhispaintingsandTheQuictValleyisoneofhisbest-knownworks.OneofthegreatestlandscapepaintersoftheperiodwasFanKuan.Hismasterpiece,TravellingamongMountainsandGorges,isoneofthemostfamousChinesepaintings.Completedaroundtheyear1000,itwasinspiredbythepowerofnatureandtherelativeinsignificanceofhumans.
1.WhenwastheChineseRenaissance?
A.ImmediatelyaftertheRenaissanceinEurope.B.DuringtheSongDynasty.
C.AtthetimeofConfucius.D.intheyear1,000.
2.WhatcontributedtospreadingtheideasofConfucius?
A.Thespreadofeducationtothemiddleclasses.
B.People’snewinterestinclassicaltexts.
C.Thedevelopmentofpainting.
D.Theprintingpressandawideavailabilityofbooks.
3.Howdidpeoplebecomepoliticiansatthetime?
A.Onlymembersofthewealthyclasscouldgointopolitics.
B.Asmallnumberofpowerfulfamiliesranthecountry.
C.Onlymembersgoodatpaintingweresupportedbytheroyalty.
D.Therewasaspecialexamsystemtoselectpoliticians.
4.FromthepassagewecanknowthepainterofTravellingamongMountainsandGorgesis___.
A.GuoXiB.EmperorHuizongC.FanKuanD.Confucius
2. AucklandisNewZealand'slargesturbanareawithapopulationofjustoveramillion.Itisnot,however,thecapital,althoughitwasatonetime,untilthecapitalmovedtoWellington.Aucklandisthecentreofcommerceandindustry,andisperhapsthemostenergetic,prosperousandmulticulturalcityinNewZealand.
Thecity'slandscapeisdecidedbyvolcanos,thetwinharbors,bays,beachesandislands.Itsnickname"thecityofsails"isverysuitable.Aucklandhasmoreboatsforeachpersonthananywhereelseintheworld.
Aucklandhasmanyvolcanos,manyofwhichcurrentlyaffordgreatviewsofthecity.AndAuckland'sshinywatersseemtoattractpeoplefromeverypoint.Itisawater-lovers'bestplace,withsomeofthebestbeaches,forswimming,diving,fishing,sailing,windsurfingandwatersportsinthecountry.
WellingtonisthecapitalcityofNewZealand.Itisalsothecultural,administrativeandpoliticalcentreofthecountry.Twoaspectsofthecitythatwillimmediatelystrikeanyvisitoraretheharborandhillylandscape.Everywhereyougo,thesoundsandthesmelloftheoceanhangintheair,andgreenhillsandvalleyswrapyouinabearhug.Atnight,Wellingtonoffersaspectacular,shimmeringcityscapethatisunlikealmostanywhereelseintheworld.Evenafterseeingitforahundredtimes,itstilltakesyourbreathaway.
Wellingtonisascenic,windyanddiverseplace.Ithassomeofthebestmuseums,artgalleries,restaurantsandcoffeehousesinthecountry.Itisthestorehouseforthenation'shistoric,culturalandartistictreasures.BeingthefirstplacewhereEuropeansettlersarrived,italsoboastslotsofhistoricstreetsandbuildings.
Wellingtonplayshosttoanexcellentfestivaloftheartseverytwoyears.
(1).Fromthepassage,weknowthatAucklandusedto__________.
A.hostafestivalofthearts
B.affordgreatviewsofthecity
C.bethecapitalofNewZealand
D.havemoreboatsthananyothercountryintheworld
(2).AucklandisthebestcityinNewZealandforpeopleto__________.
A.seegreenhillsB.dowatersports
C.studyNewZealandcultureD.visithistoricstreetsandbuildings
(3).What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthecityscapeinWellington?
A.Critical.B.Neutral.C.Favourable.D.Indifferent.
(4).Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.AucklandandWellingtonB.WelcometoNewZealand
C.TheCapitalofNewZealandD.TheLandscapeofNewZealand
3.Whenyouthinkofanationalpark,yougenerallypicturefreshairandwildanimals,right?
Well,nowyou’regoingtohavetoaddteashopsandsomethingcalled"theTube"toyourdefinition,becauseLondon,Englandhassigneduptobethefirst"NationalParkCity."
LondonwasestablishedbytheRomansaround2,000yearsagoandhasbeencontinuallyinhabited(居住于)sincethen.Inallthattime,however,nobodyhadtheideatoreplacealltheparkswithbigboxstoresorhighbuildings,whichmeansLondonalreadyhasamuchlowerurbandensity(密度)thanmostoftheworld'scities.Nowadaysaboutathirdofthecityisgreenspace.
InJuly2019,Londonannounceditswillingnesstobecometheworld’sfirstNationalParkCity.Nowthecityismovingtowardthegoalofachieving50%greenspacebytheyear2050byconnectingandexpandingpublicparks,greeningupunusedparkinglotsandtheprivateyardsofexistingandnewhouses,fixingsomegreenroofsonexistingbuildingsandevencuttingholesinfencesforwildlifetopassthrough.
"Inspiredbytheaimsandvaluesofourpreciousruralnationalparks,theLondonNationalParkCityisbasicallyaboutmakinglifebetterinthecapitalthroughbothsmalleverydaythingsandlong-termstrategicthinking,"DanielRaven-Ellison,whobeganthecampaigntomakeLondonaNationalParkCitysixyearsago,saidinapressrelease."We'vebeendoingthatinLondonforcenturies,whichiswhyLondonissogreenanddiverse."
Londonwillhaveamucheasierjobachievingthistypeofgreentransformationthanmoredensely-urbanizedcitieslikeParisandNewYork,whichhave10%and27%greenspace,respectively.Butthatdoesn’tmeanit’snotpossible--theNationalParkCityFoundationhopestoemploy25morecitiesinadditiontoLondonbytheyear2025.Glasgow,ScotlandandNewcastleuponTyneinnortheastEnglandarebothcurrentlyconsideringbecomingNationalParkCities.
1.WherecanwefindthedataonLondon'smeasurestoachieveitsgoal?
A.InParagraph1.B.InParagraph2.C.InParagraph3.D.InParagraph4.
2.WhatisDanielRaven-Ellisontryingtotalkaboutinthefourthparagraph?
A.London'slong-termstrategicthinking.B.ThesignificanceofLondon'scampaign.
C.TheeffectsofnationalparksonLondon.D.TheresourcesofLondon'sgreenspace.
3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.Tryingtobeanationalparkcityisturningnewtrend.
B.Nationalparkcitiesarespringinguparoundtheworld.
C.ItissoeasyforLondontobecomeanationalparkcity.
D.Nationalparkcitiesaremakingimprovementstoourlife.
4.DollyParton,anAmericanmusician,isusedtoperformingforbigcrowds.ButafterhersetthisyearatGlastonbury,Britain’slargestmusicfestivalwhichcandatebackto1970,sheadmittedabutterflywasinherstomach.Sincethatshow,heralbumBlueSmokehasstayednearthetopofthealbumchartforeightweeks.
Livemusicisflourishing(繁荣)evenassalesofrecordedmusichavedecreasedgreatly.Inthepasttwoyears,ithasgrownby15%.Livemusicloversnowspendmorethan€lbillionayearonticketsandalmosthalfthatonfood,drinkandthelike.Intheearly1990s,Britainhadfewfestivals.Butaround450willtakeplacethisyear.Thefestivalseason,oncelimitedtoJulyandAugust,nowstretchesuntilearlyautumn.OnthefirstweekendofSeptember,fourfestivalsbattleitout.
Onereasonwasachangeofthelicensinglaws,whichmadeiteasiertoputonashowoutdoors.Therecession(经济衰退)helpedtoo:
Britonswhocouldnolongeraffordforeignholidaysfoundaweekendofcampinginamuddyfieldmoreattractive.
Ageingcrowdsareanotherbonus.Olderpeoplehavemorecashtospendonfestivalsandtheirdemandshavehelpedmakefestivalssaferandmorepleasant.Securityatbiggerfestivalshasgrownmuchtighter.Fancyfoodanddrinkshavereplacedcheaphotdogsandbeer.
Allthisischangingthewaythemusicindustryworks.Festivalsareincreasinglyseenasawayforartiststoattractfans.Newernamesfindthemessential:
CleanBandit,aBritishbandwhobroughtouttheirfirstalbumthisyear,isperformingataround20festivalsthissummer.Andmusicmanagersareincreasinglytakingintoaccounthowsuccessfullyartistswillperformatbigoutdoorfestivalsbeforedecidingtosignthem.
1.WhatdoweknowaboutDollyParton?
A.Sheisaninexperiencedperformer.
B.Glastonburyusedtobeherfavoritefestival.
C.Glastonbury’slargeaudiencemadehernervous.
D.HeralbumBlueSmokewasaninstanthitintheUK.
2.WhichofthefollowingcanindicatelivemusicisflourishinginBritain?
A.Thelicensinglawshavebeenchanged.
B.Thefestivalseasonlastslongerthanbefore.
C.Ticketpricesofmusicfestivalshaveincreasedby15%.
D.Peoplearewillingtospendmoremoneyonrecordedmusic.
3.What’solderpeople’scontributiontoou
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