英美文学课件英国浪漫主义时期.docx
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英美文学课件英国浪漫主义时期.docx
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英美文学课件英国浪漫主义时期
Chapter3:
TheRomanticPeriod
考核要求:
1.识记:
浪漫主义时期的界定和历史文化背景
2.领会:
浪漫主义思潮的意义与影响以及浪漫主义文学创作的基本主张及对后世文学的影响。
3.应用:
名词解释浪漫主义以及浪漫主义时期文学特点的分析
1.Historicalbackground:
Internationally,
①TheFrenchRevolutions:
--thegreatevent,arousegreatsympathyandenthusiasmintheEnglishliberalsandConservatives,theyalldeclaredLiberty,EqualityandFraternity
②Rousseau--thegreatFrenchPhilosopher.InfluencebyRousseau,thewritersbegantoexplorethenewideasaboutNature,SocietyandEducation
ThesepavedthewayforthedevelopmentofRomanticismintheliteratureinternationally
Nationally,
①Industrialrevolution(Industrialization,FurthercapitalizationandUrbanization)
②Thesurvivaloffittest(thesharpercontradictionbetweencapitalistsandthelabors)
ThesearethenationalbasisoftheproductionofRomanticism
2.Literaturebackground:
TheearlyworkswithRomantictendencyarefollowing:
ThomasPaine’sTheDeclarationofRightsofManclaimingLiberty,EqualityandFraternity.
EdmundBurkepublishedhisReflectionsontheRevolutioninFrance.
WilliamGodwin’sInquiryConcerningPoliticalJustice.Againsttheinjustice,economicsystemandtheoppressionofthepoor.
MaryWollstonecrafturgedtheequalrightsforwomeninherAVindication(辩护)oftheRightofWoman.
3.Thedefinition,durationandcharacteristicsoftheRomanticism:
①Thedefinition:
TheRomanticMovement,whichassociatedwithvitality,powerfulemotionanddreamlikeideas,issimplytheexpressionoflifeasseenbytheimaginationratherthanbyprosaiccommonsense.
ThecontrastbetweenRomanticismandNeoclassicism:
Romanticism:
associatedwithvitality,powerfulemotionanddreamlikeideas
Neoclassicism:
associatedwithorder,commonsenseandcontrolledreason
②Duration:
Beginningtime:
1798markedbythepublicationofLyricalBalladsbyWordsworthandColeridge
Endingtime:
1832markedbythedeathofScottandthepassageofthefirstReformBill
【例题】WhichofthefollowingpoemsisalandmarkinEnglishpoetry?
(0704)
A.LyricalBalladsbyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridge
B.“IWanderedLonelyasaCloud”byWilliamWordsworth
C.“Remorse”bySamuelTaylorColeridge
D.LeavesofGrassWaltWhitman
【答案】A
【解析】(P157.para.1)
所谓landmark,是指在英国文学史上具有划时代意义的作品。
LyricalBallads的出版标志着英国文学的浪漫主义时期的开始,所以答案是A
③Characteristics:
Thespontaneousoverflow(自然流露的)ofpowerfulfeeling
Thecreationofaworldofimagination
Thereturntonatureformaterials
Sympathywiththehumbleandglorificationofthecommonplace
Emphasisupontheexpressionofindividualgenius
Asenseofmelancholyandlonelinessofthecharacter
Therebelliousspiritsoftheauthor
Themajorachievementsarepoetry
4.TheviewpointsofRomanticistsonsocietyandliterature:
①Socially:
Romanticistsawmanessentiallyasanindividualinthesolitarystate
TheRomanticistemphasizedthespecialqualitiesofeachindividual’smind
TheRomanticistschangedthedirectionfromattentiontotheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirits
②OnLiterature:
Inessenceitdesignatesaliteraryandphilosophicaltheorywhichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllifeandallexperience
Italsoplaceindividualatthecenteroftheart
Maketheliteraturemostvaluableasanexpressionofhisorheruniquefeelingandparticularattitudes
Valueitsaccuracyinportrayingtheindividual’sexperiences
5.ThedevelopmentofRomanticismanditsprinciples:
①Thedevelopment
Inthisperiod,wenoteanewinterestinliteraturesandlegendsotherthanthoseofGreeceandRome.ItwasineffectarevoltoftheEnglishimaginationagainsttheneoclassicalreason
Theystartedarebellionagainsttheneoclassicalliterature,whichwaslaterregardedasthepoeticrevolution.
MajorRepresentativesofthismovement:
WordsworthandColeridge
②Theprinciples
Generalprinciples:
Theysawpoetryasahealingenergy
Theybelievethatpoetrycouldpurifybothindividualsoulandsociety
Theyexploredthenewtheoriesandinnovatednewtechniquesinpoetry:
a.Poetryshouldbefreefromallrulesinforms
b.Humblepeopleandthecommoneverydaylifeshouldbedescribeinsubject
c.Employthecommonplace,thenaturalandthesimpleasthepoeticmaterials
d.SeekfortheAbsolute
e.Boldexperimentsinpoeticlanguage,versificationanddesign
Wordsworth:
Callforsimplethemesdrawnfromhumblelife
Thepoetasa“manspeakingtomen”,
Poetryas“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings”
Coleridge:
Imaginationisthevitalfacultythatcreatesnewwholesoutofdisparateelements.
Regardtheconceptsofspontaneityandinspirationassomethingcrucialfortruepoetry
Natureisthemajorsourceofpoeticimageryandnatureisadominantsubject
6.Mainrepresentatives:
①Mainrepresentatives—poets:
Pre-Romanticism:
(BlakeandBurns)
Thefirstgeneration:
(Wordsworth,ColeridgeandSouthey)
Theyoungergeneration:
(Byron,ShelleyandKeats)
②Mainrepresentatives—novelists
JaneAusten---loveandmarriage
WalterScott---mainworks(book)humannature
③Gothicnovelists
AnnRadcliffeandMaryShelley
Gothicnovel:
Itisatypeofromanticfictionthatpredominatedinthelate18thcentury&wasonephaseoftheRomanticMovement
Itsprincipalelementsareviolence,horror&thesupernatural,whichstronglyappealtothereader'semotion.
Withitsdescriptionsofthedark,irrationalsideofhumannature,theGothicformhasexertedagreatinfluenceoverthewriteroftheRomanticperiod.
WorkslikeTheMysteriesofUdolpho(1794)byAnnRadcliffe&Frankenstein(1818)byMaryShelleyaretypicalGothicromance
Thetypicalauthorsduringthisperiod
考核要求:
1.识记:
浪漫主义时期的重要作家,代表作品及其主要内容。
2.领会:
重要作家的创作思想,艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构,人物塑造,语言风格,社会意义等。
3.应用:
a.浪漫派诗歌(所选作品)的主题,意象分析
b.小说《傲慢与偏见》的主题和主要人物的性格分析。
考点串讲:
Ⅰ.WilliamBlake
1.Introduction:
Englishpoet,artist,&philosopher,borninLondonEngland,Nov28,1757,anddiedinLondon,Aug12,1827.
BlakemadedistinguishedcontributionstobothLiterature&art.
HerankswithgreatpoetsintheEnglishlanguage&maybeconsideredtheearliestofthemajorEnglishRomanticpoets.
Hispoemsrangefromlyricsofchildlikesimplicitytomysticalorpropheticworksofgreatcomplexity.
Asanartistheisbestknownforhisengravings,whichareamongthemasterpiecesofgraphicart.
2.Viewpointsonpoliticsandreligion:
Blakenevertriedtofitintotheworld;hewasarebelinnocently&completelyallhislife.
Hewaspoliticallyofthepermanentleft&mixedagooddealwiththeradicals.
Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists'cruelexploitation,sayingthatthe"darksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed,killedchildren&forcedprostitution."
Meanwhilehecherishedgreatexpectations&enthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution,®ardeditasanecessarystageleadingtothemillenniumpredictedbythebiblicalprophets(圣经)
3.Viewpointonliterature:
ThefirstimportantRomanticpoet,
Showingcontemptfortheruleofreason
Opposingtheclassicaltraditionofthe18thcentury
Treasuringtheindividual'simagination.
4.Mainworks:
Earlyworks:
PoeticalSketches《诗学札记》--Acollectionofyouthfulverse.Joy,laughter,loveandharmonyaretheprevailingnoteandhinthislaterinnovativestyleandtheme
Masterpieces
SongsofInnocence《天真之歌》
SongsofExperience《经验之歌》
TheMarriageofHeavenandHell《天堂与地狱的婚姻》
Thesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentwovolumes:
Generally:
Holdthesimilarsubject-matter
Thechildhoodisthecentraltohisconcern
Thetone,emphasisandconclusiondiffer
Specifically:
InfantJoyagainstInfantSorrow
LambagainstTyger
ChimneySweeperⅠagainstChimneySweeperⅡ
Similarity:
torevealtherelationbetweenaneconomiccircumstanceandanideologicalcircumstancesocially.
Difference:
theformerindicatestheconditionwhichmakesreligionaconsolation,aprospectofillusoryhappiness
Thelaterrevealsthetruenatureofreligionwhichhelpsbringmiserytothepoorchildren
Laterworks--revealhimastheprophetofuniversalpolitical&spiritualfreedomandshowthepoethimselfasthespokesmanofrevolt(反抗).
TheBookofUrizen
TheBookofLos
TheFourZoas
Milton
【例题】WilliamBlake’scentralconcernintheSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperiences_______,whichgivesthetwobooksastrongsocialandhistoricalreference.(0804)
A.youthhoodB.childhood
C.happinessD.Sorrow
【答案】B
【解析】(P169.para2)
布莱克的两部诗集中的作品,大多涉及儿童的生活和经历,如《扫烟囱的小男孩》,《小羊羔》等。
5.Languagestyles:
hewritehispoemsinplainanddirectlanguage.
Hispoemsoftencarrythelyricbeautywithimmensecompressionofmeaning.
Hedistruststheabstractnessandtendstoembodyhisviewswithvisualimages.
Symbolisminwiderangeisalsoadistinctivefeatureofhispoetry.
6.Selectedreading:
①SelectedreadingI
“TheChimneySweeper”fromSongsofInnocence
Inthe18thcentury,smallboyssometimesnomorethan4or5yearsoldwereemployedtoclimbupthenarrowchimneyflues&cleanthem,collectingthesootinbags.Suchboys,sometimessoldtothemastersweepersbytheirparentsweremiserablytreatedbytheirmaster&oftensuffereddisease&physicaldeformity.
Thispoem,infact,isaprotestagainsttheharmthatsocietydoestoitschildrenbyexploitingthemforlaborofthiskind,Thepoemwaswritteninthechild's-eyepointofview,&thedramaticirony(whatthespeakersaysinthepoemisdifferentfromwhatthepoetmeans)arisesfromthepoet'sknowingmoreorseeingmorethanthechilddoes.
②SelectedreadingII
“TheChimneySweeper”fromSongsofExperience
SongsofExperiencepaintsadifferentworld,aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,war&repressionwithamelancholytone,
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