中考英语宾语从句讲义完善版.docx
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中考英语宾语从句讲义完善版.docx
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中考英语宾语从句讲义完善版
初三英语个性化辅导
宾语从句
【第一部分】知识点分布
1、宾语从句中的连接词、语序和时态(重点&考点)
2、不能省略that的情况、if和whether的用法区别(难点&考点)
3、宾语从句的简化(难点)
【第二部分】宾语从句详解
一、宾语从句概述
1、概念:
在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。
作动词的宾语:
Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.
主语谓语动词一个句子作宾语
作介词的宾语:
He said nothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.
主语谓语动词代词作动词的宾语介词 一个句子作介词的宾语
2、宾语从句的三要素:
连接词、语序和时态
二、宾语从句中的连接词
1、从属连词:
that,whether,if
(1)由that引导的宾语从句。
that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
Eg:
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.
Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.
不能省略that的情况:
A.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省。
Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.
B.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省。
JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.
C.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
Ican’ttellhimthathisbookismissing
D、当it作形式宾语时
例句:
Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim.
E、当宾语从句前置时Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.
F、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
(2)由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
Eg:
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.
Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if:
A.在具有选择意义,又有or或ornot时,尤其是直接与ornot连用时,往往用whether(if…ornot也可以使用)。
如:
Letmeknowwhether/ifhewillcomeornot.(=Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome)Idon't
B.在介词之后用whether。
如:
I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
C.在不定式前用whether。
如:
Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
D.whether置于句首时,不能换用if。
如:
Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican'tsay.这是否真的我说不上来。
E.引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。
如:
Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否能来还是个问题。
F.若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。
如:
Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook.可理解为:
Ifyoulikethebook,pleaseletmeknow.你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我
只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
A.if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。
eg:
Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.
B.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时。
eg:
HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
C.引导状语从句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)时。
Eg:
Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.
2、连接代词和连接副词
(1)常见的连接代词和连接副词有:
who,whose,what,which,when,where,how,why
(2)这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
Eg:
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
三、宾语从句中的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:
连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
Idon’tknowwhattheyarelookingfor.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?
练习题
(1)Didyoufindout______?
A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingfor
C.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor
(2)Areyouinterestedin_____?
A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit
(3)Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
(4)---Whatdidthescientistsay?
---Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.
A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly
(5)Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme____?
A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbank
C.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere
(6)SheaskedTom________withhiscar?
A.whatthematterwasB.whatthematteris
C.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematter
四、宾语从句中的时态
(1)主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
Eg:
Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.
(2)主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
Eg:
Shewassorrythatshehadn’tfinishedherworkontime.
(3)当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
Eg:
Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
练习:
(1)It’s7:
30.Ican’tbelieveyou___cookingdinneryet,Sally.
A.haven’tstartedB.didn’tC.don’tstartD.hadn’tstarted
(2)TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChristmasDay.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe
(3)Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun.
A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgo
(4)We’dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam.
A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass
(5)“Couldyoutellme______?
”“Yes.They____tothelibrary.”
A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeen
C.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD,wherethetwinswere,havegone
(6)Ourfathersaidthathe______anewcomputernextweek.
A.willbuyB.haveboughtC.wouldbuyD.buys
(7)Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday.
A.goesB.willgoC.wentD.havegone
五、宾语从句的简化
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句,使其与原句意思相同(或相近)的试题。
下面是几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法:
方法一:
当主句谓语动词是hope,decide,wish,choose,agree,promise等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
例如:
LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon.→LiMinghopestobebackverysoon.
Wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim.→Wedecidedtohelphim.
方法二:
当主句谓语动词是know,learn,remember,forget,tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例如:
Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow.→Shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow.
注:
当主句谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
例如:
CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?
→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation?
方法三:
当主句的谓语动词是order(命令),require(需要)等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。
例如:
Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.→Theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce.
方法四:
某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。
例如:
Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus.→Heinsistedongoingwithus.
Thepoorboydoesn’tknowwhenandwherehewasborn.→Thepoorboydoesn’tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.
方法五:
某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。
例如:
LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.→LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.
方法六:
动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化。
例如:
Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin.→Theboysseemedtowin.
除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化。
例如:
IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.→IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.
Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwefoundthegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.
Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy
【第三部分】戴氏经典练习
1.【2013铜仁】1.—Iwonder____________at8:
00lastnight?
—IwaswatchingNBA.
A.WhatwereyoudoingB.Whatdidyoudo
C.whatyouweredoingD.Whatareyoudoing
2.【2013北京】2.Idon'tremember____________thebookyesterday.
A.whereIputB.wheredidIput
C.wherewillIputD.wherelwillput
3.【2013天津】3.—Idon’tknow_____.
---Becausehehastolookafterhismother.
A.whyheisleavingB.whyisheleaving
C.whetherheisleavingD.whetherisheleaving
4.【2013巴中】4.Ididn’tunderstand_____.SoIraisedmyhandtoask
A.whatmyteachersaysB.whatmyteachersayC.whatmyteachersaid
5.【2013漳州】5.Theywonder________robotswillmakehumanslosetheirjobsornot
A.thatB.ifC.whether
6.【2013贺州】6.Canyoutellme______?
A.howmuchistheredsweaterB.howmuchtheredsweateris
C.what’sthepriceoftheredsweaterD.howmanytheredsweateris
7.【2013衢州】7.—Excuseme,Couldyoutell?
—Yes.Goalongthisstreetandyouwillfinditonyourleft.
A.whereisthemuseumB.whichisthewaytothemuseum
C.howfaristhemuseumD.howcanIgettothemuseum
8.【2013益阳】8.Idon'tknow.
A.whereshecomesfrom.B.howoldissheC.Whenwassheborn?
9.【2013襄阳】9.---Couldyoutellme_______?
[来源:
学科网]
---Atnineo’clock,intenminutes.
A.howwillheleaveB.whenhehasleft
C.whyheisleavingD.whenhewillleave
10.【2013潍坊】10.Thewomanaskedthepolicemanwhere_______.
A.thepostofficeisB.wasthepostoffice
C.isthepostofficeD.thepostofficewas
11.【2013青岛】11.----Couldyoutellme________?
----AttheendofJuly.
A.howoftenheheardfromhispenpalB.howsoonhewillbehere
C.thathewentonvacationD.whenyouwillstartyourvacation
12.【2013梅州】12.Couldyoutellme______ameetinginGuangzhounextweek?
A.iftherewasgoingtobeB.ifthereisgoingtobe
C.whetheristheregoingtobeD.whetherthereisgoingtohave
13.【2013丹东】13.—I’mhungrynow.Couldyoupleasetellme______?
—Sure.Followme,please.
A.wherethere’sagoodplacetohavefunB.thewaytothepostoffice
C.whereIcangetadictionaryD.wherethere’sagoodplacetoeat
15.【2013宿迁】14.—Bob,pleasetellme.
—InSouthHillSchool.
A.wherewillthematchbeheldB.wherethematchwillbeheld
C.whenwillthematchbeheldD.whenthematchwillbeheld
16.【2013重庆】15.—Didtheradiosay________?
ZXXK]—Yes,fromHunan.
A.howthebadricecameB.wherethebadricecamefrom
C.howdidthebadricecomeD.wheredidthebadricecomefrom
17.【2013孝感】16.—Excuseme.Canyoutellme?
—Atabout8o’clock,sir.
A.whattimetheplanewillreachBeijing
B.whattimewilltheplanearriveinBeijing
C.whattimetheplanewillarriveBeijing
D.whattimewilltheplanegettoBeijing
18.【2013包头】17.-Pleasetellmethescarf?
-Sheboughtitonline,Iguess.
A.ifAlicelikedB.whenAlicebought
C.whereAliceboughtD.howmuchdidAlicepayfor
19.【2013阜康】18.—Couldyoupleasetellme________?
—They’reoverthere.
A.wherearetherestroomsB.whereweretherestrooms
C.wheretherestroomsareD.wheretherestroomswere
20.【2013常州】19.---Howsoonwillyoustartyourjourney?
----I’mnotsure.Ihaven’tdecided______.
AwhenshallIaskthebossforleaveBwhereIwillgotospendtheholiday
CwhetherIwouldgobytrainorbyplaneDwho
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