考研英语二真题.docx
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考研英语二真题.docx
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考研英语二真题
2019年英语
(二)考研真题及答案解析。
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered
blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofany
significantweightfluctuations.1,whendonetoooften,thishabitcan
sometimeshurtmorethanit2.
Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrom
beinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing3onthescale.That
wasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmuscle
mass,butthinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytraining
program.ThatconfictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.
Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate6ofthe
hardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweeksto
amonthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyour
trainingprogram.Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strength
andincheslost
Forthese9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoa
bimonthlyweighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itisless
importantformeto_11_myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweek
1
allowsmetoobserveand12anysignificantweightchanges.Thattellsme
whetherIneedto13mytrainingprogram.
Iusemybimonthlyweigh-in14togetinformationaboutmynutritionas
well.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15and
droppingweight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.
The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverall
health,fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingout
sinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa18mormingweigh-in.I'vealso
experiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificftnessgoals,19I'm
trainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.
Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feelhow
yourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.
1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise[D]However
2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns[D]reduces
3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally
4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining[D]accepting
5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review[D]reach
6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution[D]prediction
7.[A]dueto[B]regardlessof[C]asidefrom[D]alongwith
8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise[D]immediate
9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons[D]methods
2
10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed
11.[A]report[B]share[C]share[D]share
12.[A]dependon[B]approveof[C]holdonto[D]accountfor
13.[A]prepare[B]share[C]share[D]share
14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules[D]tests
15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry[D]sick
16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief[D]sign
17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision[D]wish
18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting[D]consuming
19.[A]ifbecause[B]unless[C]until[D]consuming
20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphingSectionIIReadingComprehension
PartADirections:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby
choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40
points)
Text1
Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guilt
emergesalittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild
moralnorms.Childrenaren’tbornknowinghowtosay
’sgrowinggraspofsocia
“I’msorry”;
3
theylearnovertimethatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends--and
theirownconsciences.Thisiswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoral
guilt,intherightamount,tobeagoodthing.
Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply
uncomfortable--it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwith
stones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.
“Therehasbeenakindofrevivalor
arethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,
”says
Vaish,apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthis
revivalispartofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren
--feelings’tbinary
thatmaybeadvantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousy
andanger,forexample,mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.
Toomuchhappinesscanbedestructive.
Andquilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,can
encouragehumanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inother
words,canhelpholdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.
Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,a
psychologyprofessorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmay
compensateforanemotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiand
othershaveshownthatguiltandsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathways
tocooperationandsharing.SomeKidswhoarelowinsympathymaymakeup
forthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,whichcanreinintheirnastier
4
impulses.Andviceversa:
Highsympathycansubstituteforlowguilt.
Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiver
assessmentsandthechildren-observations,’selfsheratedeachchild’s
overallsympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsafter
moraltransgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivena
chancetosharethemwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,
howmuchtheysharedappearedtoturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.
Theguilt-proneonessharemore,eventhoughtheyhadn’tmagicallybecome
moresympathetictotheotherchild’sdeprivation.
“That’sgoodnews,”Maltisays,“Wecanbeprosocialbecausewe
causedharmandwefeelregret.”
21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp
_______.
A.regulateachild’sbasicemotions
B.improveachild’sintellectualability
C.fosterachild’smoraldevelopment
D.intensifyachild’spositivefeelings
22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe_______.A.deceptive
B.burdensomeC.addictive
5
D.inexcusable
23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat_______.
A.emotionsarecontext-independentB.emotionsaresociallyconstructiveC.emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealthD.anemotioncanplayopposingroles
24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing_______.A.mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies
B.canresultfromeithersympathyorguiltC.canbringaboutemotionalsatisfactionD.maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts
25.Theword“transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto
_______.
A.teachings
B.discussions
C.restrictions
D.wrongdoingsText2
Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneofthehardercallengesinthefight
againstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagood
6
shareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodo
so.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhat
emitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.
Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtle
balance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable"carbonsinks"longintothefuture
mayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Califormiaisleading
theway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.
Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinout
youngtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowers
carbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareofthe
availablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacityto
pullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.
Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewer
treesareconsumed.
Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since
2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,most
ofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsof
acres.
Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by
2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.
That'sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfa
7
millionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireor
drought.
Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremoved
fromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuel
invehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchon
transportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.
Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,but
traditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesfor
recreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhaveto
playinstoringcarbon.Califormia'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythe
governornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.
26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,”theauthorimplies
that_________.
A.globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol
B.people
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