现在分词用法与练习.docx
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现在分词用法与练习.docx
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现在分词用法与练习
现在分词用法与练习
一、现在分词的各种形式及意义
名称
形式
意义
例句
一般式
doing
与其逻辑主语构成主动关系;与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生
Theprofessorcamein,followingtheheadmaster.教授跟着校长进来了。
现在分词的被动形式
beingdone
强调被动的动作在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生
Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.现在正讨论的问题很重要。
现在分词的完成式
havingdone
分词所表示的动作发生在谓语之前
Havingstudiedthemap,Iknowwhichwaytogo.仔细看完地图后,我知道该走哪条路了。
现在分词的完成被动式
havingbeendone
分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前;分词与其逻辑主语构成被动关系
Havingbeenscoldedmanytimesbytheboss,hedecidedtoleave.被老板责骂很多次后,他决定离开。
二、现在分词的句法功能
1.作定语
单个的现在分词充当前置定语,分词短语充当后置定语。
但是,完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。
Theswimmingboyismyelderbrother.正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。
Telltheboysplayingovertherenottomakeanynoise.告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。
2.作表语
现在分词作表语,用来说明主语的性质和特征,相当于形容词,其主语通常是物。
一般跟在连系动词be,get,be,come,look,sound,feel,keep,remain,grow,seem,appear等后面。
Thestorysoundsinteresting.这个故事听起来很有趣。
Thenewswasdisappointing.这个消息令人失望。
【点津】动名词也可以作表语,此时主语和表语是对等关系,可以互换位置。
Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.(=Cleaningthewindowsisyourtask.)你的任务是擦窗户。
3.作补足语
(1)现在分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,lookat,listento,observe,have,get,leave,keep,set,catch,find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。
InoticedamanrunningoutofthebankwhenIgotoffthecar.
我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。
(2)上面这类句子也可变成被动语态,这时,现在分词可看成是主语补足语。
ShewasheardsinginganEnglishsongyesterday.昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。
Acookwillbefiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。
(3)with+宾语+v-ing
Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.
4.作状语
现在分词或分词短语作状语时,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
必须记住:
从句和主句的主语必须一致。
(1)表示时间。
现在分词表时间时,相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。
①Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad.(=Becarefulwhenyouarecrossingtheroad.)
过马路时小心点。
②HavingturnedofftheTV,hebegantodohishomework.关掉电视后,他开始做家庭作业。
(=AfterhehadturnedofftheTV.hebegantodohishomework.)
(2)表示原因
①Beingsoexcited,shecouldn’tgotosleep.(=Becauseshewassoexcited,shecouldn’tgotosleep.)因为她太兴奋了,所以睡不着。
②Nothavingreceivedhisreply,shedecidedtomakeacalltohim.(=Becauseshehadn’treceivedhisreply,shedecidedtomakeacalltohim.因为没有收到他的回信,她决定给他打个电话。
(3)表示方式或伴随,常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。
①Theteachercameintotheclassroom,holdingabookinhishand.(=Theteachercameintotheclassroomandheldabookinhishand.)老师手拿一本书走进教室。
②Hecamerunningintotheroom.(=Hecameandranintotheroom)他跑进屋来。
(4)表示结果,常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。
这类状语常放在句子的后半部分,分词前往往有副词thus,thereby(因此)或only,并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开,常可译为“于是,所以,因而”等。
这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语,也可以是前边的整个句子。
逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时,其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句。
①Thecarwasheldupbythestorm,causingthedelay.(=Thecarwasheldupbythestormandcausedthedelay.)汽车被暴风雨所阻挡,因而耽搁了。
②Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,leavingtheprojectunfinished.
(=Theoldscientistdiedallofasudden,andlefttheprojectunfinished.)
那位老科学突然去世,留下未尽的事业。
③Heturnedoffthelamp,(thereby)seeingnothing.
(=Heturnedoffthelamp,therebyhesawnothing.)他熄了灯,什么也看不见了。
④Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,thusresultinginanincreaseinproduction.(=Anumberofnewmachineswereintroducedfromabroad,whichresultedinanincreaseinproduction.)大量的新机器被从国外引入,导致生产增加。
(5)表示条件,常相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。
Workinghard,you’llsucceed.(=Ifyouworkhard,you’llsucceed.)努力工作,你就会成功。
(6)表示让步,常相当于一个though等引导的让步状语从句。
Thoughfeelingtired,Billyhedidn’tstopworking.(=ThoughBillyfelttired,hedidn’tstopworking.尽管觉得很累,但比利并没有停止他的工作。
提示:
如果现在分词作时间,条件或者让步状语时,前面可以直接加相应的连词,如when,while,unless,if,though。
Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad.
Thoughfeelingtired,Billyhedidn’tstopworking
三、分词的否定式
分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前,遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式,否定词应置于整个结构之前。
Notknowingwhattodonext,shestoppedtowait.不知道下一步干什么,她停下来等着。
Nothavingfinishedthehomework,thelittlegirldoesn’tdaretogotoschool.
小女孩没完成作业不敢去学校。
四、独立成分作状语
有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。
常见的有:
generallyspeaking总的来说;judgingfrom/by根据……判断;speakingof说到……;talkingof谈到……;franklyspeaking坦率地说;allowingfor考虑到。
①Judgingbyhisface,hewasangry.从他的脸色上看,他很生气。
②Theprojectwilltakeabout8months,allowingfordelayscausedbytherainyseason.
考虑到雨季的耽误,这项工程大约需要8个月。
③Franklyspeaking,thecarisnotworthbuying.坦率地说,这部车不值得买。
五.基础练习题
1.Hesatthere______anovel.
A.read B.reading C.reads D.hadread
2.Don’twakeupthe______child.
A.sleep B.slept C.sleeping D.sleepy
3.Aproverbgoes:
‘A___stonegathersnomoss’.
A.roll B.rolling C.rolled D.rolls
4.Theheavyrainkeptus_____fortwohours.
A.wait B.waited C.waiting D.towait
5.Wefoundthebaby ____onthefloor.
A.slept B.sleep C.asleep D.sleeping
6.Jacksawawoman______nearthedog,sohewalkeduptoher.
A.stood B.stands C.tostand D.standing
7._____ourshoesinourhands,wecrossedthestream.
A.Tocarry B.Carrying C.Carried D.Carry
8._____myhomework,Iwenthome.
A.Havingfinished B.Finished C.Beingfinished D.Finish
9.____thedoorunlocked,Iwentin.
A.Finding B.Found C.Hadfound D.Havefound
10.______acarelessfellow,heforgetallaboutit.
A.Is B.Be C.Being D.Was
11.Youmustbecarefulwhen___onthehighway.
A.youdriving B.aredriving C.driving D.youweredriving
12.Enginesaremachines___powerormotion.
A.produce B.producing C.produced D.whichproducing
13Weather____,wewillhaveapicnictomorrow.
A.permitB.permitsC.permittedD.permitting
14.Thevacation ____over,thestudentscamebacktoschool.
A.isB.areC.wasD.being
15.___thepainting,hegaveasighofrelief.
A.Finishing B.Hasfinished C.Beingfinished D.Havingfinished
16.___thewaytotake,thetravellerwentonhisjourney.
A.Telling B.Havingtold C.Havingbeentold D.Havetold
17.Don’tsitthere________nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.
A.do B.todo C.doing D.anddoing
18.Thewildflowerlookedlikeasoftorangeblanket________thedesert.
A.covering B.covered C.cover D.tocover
19.Tom’sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It’snouse________withhim.
A.toargue B.arguing C.argued D.havingargued
20.________,themoreexpensivethecamera,thebetteritsquality.
A.Generalspeaking B.Speakinggeneral
C.Generallyspeaking D.Speakinggenerally
21.“Youcan’tcatchme!
”Janeshouted,________away.
A.run B.running C.torun D.ran
22.Icould’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise________.
A.goingon B.goeson C.wenton D.togoon
23.________formanyyears,thetwobrotherscan’trecognizeeachother.
A.Beingseparated B.Havingseparated
C.Havingbeenseparated D.Tobeseparated
24.Themanager,________itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.
A.whohasmade B.havingmade C.made D.making
25.Don’tleavethewater________whileyoubrushyourteeth.
A.run B.running C.beingrun D.torun
26.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtime________theexam.
A.pass B.topass C.passed D.passing
27.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman________hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.put B.tobeputting C.toput D.putting
28.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound________inthekitchen.
A.smoke B.smoking C.tosmoke D.smoked
29.Icouldn’tfindmykeytothecarwhen________home.
A.leaving B.toleave C.left D.havingleft
30.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.
A.lacked B.lack C.lacking D.lackedin
31.The________girlwaslastseen________nearthepark.
A.missing;playing B.missing;play
C.missed;play D.missed;toplay.
A.torepairbikes B.bikestoberepaired
C.bikesbeingrepaired D.repairingbikes
32.Theoldmantoldthestoryina________voiceandthelittlegirlfeltvery________.
A.frightening;frightened B.frightened;frightening
C.frightening;frightening D.frightened;frightened
33.—Didyoutellherthenews?
—No,ofcoursenot.
—But________fromwhatshesaid,shemusthaveknownaboutit.
A.judge B.judged C.beingjudged D.judging
34.________fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.
A.Notbeingmade B.Havingnotmade
C.Makingnot D.Nothavingmade
六.真题再现
1.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor______"Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater."(99)
A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading
2.Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(11江苏31’)
A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared
3.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourandlessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.(2010浙江)
A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing
4.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.(09江西34)
A.forced B.forcing C.tobeforced D.havingforced
5.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.
A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosed(2007全国Ⅱ)
C.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose
6.Thepicture________onthewallispaintedbymynephew.(2000·北安春招·15)
A.havinghungB.hanging
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