专题08书面表达之概要写作学年高三英语上学期期末考前题型分类冲刺练解析版.docx
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专题08书面表达之概要写作学年高三英语上学期期末考前题型分类冲刺练解析版.docx
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专题08书面表达之概要写作学年高三英语上学期期末考前题型分类冲刺练解析版
08书面表达之概要写作
Passage1
(2020·浙江宁波市·效实中学高三期中)阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Imagineyoureceiveane-maillikethis:
AREYOUGOINGTOCLASSTODAY?
Thise-mail“sounds"likethewriterisyellingbecauseusingallcapitallettersinane-mailisusuallythewaythatpeopleshoutonline.Knowingwhentousecapitallettersisoneexampleofonlineetiquette(礼仪)・Followingaresomedosanddon'tsforcommunicatingappropriatelywithothersincyberspace.
First,alwaysrememberthatyouaresendingmessagestoarealperson,notjusttoacomputer.Sodon’ttypeanythingyouwouldn'tsaytosomeone'sface.Also,rememberthatthepersonwhoreceivesyourmessagecannothearthetoneofyourvoice,orseetheexpressiononyourface.Somakesureyourmeaningisclear.
Internetisabigplacewithlotsofinformation,andtherearemanynewthingstodiscover.However,don'ttakeanythingwithoutpayingforit,unlessit'sfree.Don’tuseinformationthatsomeoneelsehaswritten,andsayit'syours.DoshareyourknowledgeoftheInternetwithothers.
It'sokaytoexpressyouropinionsonlineinforumslikechatroomsormessageboards,butdon'tstartargumentswithpeople."Flamewars"inonlinediscussionscanbeinterestingtoread,butareoftenunfairtoothermembersofthegroup.Expressyourideas,butrememberthatfightingonorofflineisnotappropriate.
Rememberthatpeoplejudgeyoubyyourwordsaswellasyouractions,sodotrytowritewell.Goodwritingskills,aswellascorrectgrammarandspelling,domatter.Sendpolite,well-writtenmessagestoothers.Ifyouareuncertainabouthowtospellawordorwhichphrasetouse,lookitup.Therearelotsofhelpfulbooksandwebsites.
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【答案】Thearticlegivesussomeadviceonhowtocommunicateproperlyonline.Firstofall,avoidsomethingthatyoucan'tsayinthefaceofothersandgetyourmessageacrossclearly.Besides,becarefultousetheinformationwrittenbyothers.Moreover,neverhaveanargumentwithotherswhilechattingonline.Lastbutnotleast,payattentiontoyourwritingskills,whichwillbegoodforyou.
【分析】
这是一篇说明文,文章给了我们一些关于如何正确地在线交流的建议。
【详解】
1要点摘录
①First,don’ttypeanythingyouwouldn'tsaytosomeone'sface.
②Also,makesureyourmeaningisclear.
③Don’tuseinformationthatsomeoneelsehaswrittenbutshareyourknowledgeoftheInternetwithothers.
④Don'tstartargumentswithpeople.
⑤Dotrytowritewell.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组,将第3个要点中的两部分进行整合,将第4、5要点进行适度发展,使细节完善。
3.遣词造句
Firstofall,avoidsomethingthatyoucan'tsayinthefaceofothersandgetyourmessageacrossclearly.
Besides,becarefultousetheinformationwrittenbyothers.
Moreover,neverhaveanargumentwithotherswhilechattingonline.
Lastbutnotleast,payattentiontoyourwritingskills,whichwillbegoodforyou.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Firstofall,avoidsomethingthatyoucan'tsayinthefaceofothersandgetyourmessageacrossclearly.(that后的内容为定语从句,修饰先行词something)
[高分句型2]Lastbutnotleast,payattentiontoyourwritingskills,whichwillbegoodforyou.(which之后内容为非限制性定语从句)
Passage2
(2020·上海杨浦区·高三期末)Directions:
Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.
WhatIsZeroWaste?
Thegoalofthe“zerowaste”movementistogetridofallwastefromproducts.“Zerowaste”meansusingeverypartofaproduct.Today,thezerowasteideacanbefoundeverywherefromfoodtofashion.
Creatingazerowasterestaurantisachallenge.Itisverydifficulttouseeverypartofproduceandleavenothingbehind.Creatingasoupfromunusedingredientsisapopularwaytouseupextrafooditems.Otherwaysaremoreadvanced.Somerestaurantsusecoffeegrounds(咖啡渣)toflavordishes.Somecooksalsocrushshrimpshellsandreusetheminsauces.Whileit’schallenging,zerowasterestaurantsappeartobeontherise.
Inthefashionindustry,zerowasteisn’tanewidea.Butintoday’sworldoffastfashion,zerowasteisgrowingmorepopular.Usually,cuttingclothcreateslotsofwaste.Inzerowastefashion,designerstrytoavoidthis.Onewaytodosoisbyaddingtheseextrapiecesofclothtothefinaldesign.Anotherwayistodesignclothingwithoutwastefulcuts.
Beyondrestaurantsandfashion,therearemanyotherpossibilitiesforzerowasteproducts.Allrestaurantsneedutensils(器皿).Bakey’sisacompanythatisdevelopingedible(可食用的)utensils.Afterusingthem,youcaneatthem!
Theirspoonsaremadeofflourandcomeinallkindsofflavors.Whilethesespoonsarenothardenoughtocutmeat,theyareperfectforricedishes.Meanwhile,AirNewZealandisexperimentingwithediblecoffeecupsthataremadebythecompanyTwice.Theyhavealreadyintroducedalineofflavoredcups.Afteryoufinishyourcoffee,youeatthecup,justlikeacookie!
Whetherproductsaremadetobeedibleorreusable,hopefullythemovementwillhelpreducewasteallovertheworld.
【答案】Zerowastemeanseliminatingallthewastesfromaproductandthemovementisgainingpopularity.Somerestaurantsareusingcreativewaystouseunusedingredientsorfoodleftovers.Fashiondesignerseitheravoidunnecessarilycuttingclothorfindingnewusesforextracuts.Besides,Manycompaniesarecreatingedibleproductsespeciallyutensils.Hopefully,zerowastecampaigncanhelpreducewasteworldwide.
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。
文章讲述了什么是零浪费。
零浪费意味着从一个产品中消除所有的浪费,这个运动越来越流行。
一些餐馆正在创造性地使用未使用的配料或食物残羹剩饭。
时装设计师要么避免不必要的裁剪布料,要么寻找额外布料的新用途。
此外,许多公司正在创造食用产品,特别是餐具。
希望零浪费运动可以帮助减少全球的废物。
【详解】
1要点摘录
1)“Zerowaste”meansusingeverypartofaproduct.Today,thezerowasteideacanbefoundeverywherefromfoodtofashion.
2)Somerestaurantsusecoffeegrounds(咖啡渣)toflavordishes.Somecooksalsocrushshrimpshellsandreusetheminsauces.Whileit’schallenging,zerowasterestaurantsappeartobeontherise.
3)Onewaytodosoisbyaddingtheseextrapiecesofclothtothefinaldesign.Anotherwayistodesignclothingwithoutwastefulcuts.
4)Beyondrestaurantsandfashion,therearemanyotherpossibilitiesforzerowasteproducts.
5)Whetherproductsaremadetobeedibleorreusable,hopefullythemovementwillhelpreducewasteallovertheworld.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点分别概括。
3.遣词造句
Zerowastemeanseliminatingallthewastesfromaproductandthemovementisgainingpopularity.
Somerestaurantsareusingcreativewaystouseunusedingredientsorfoodleftovers.
Fashiondesignerseitheravoidunnecessarilycuttingclothorfindingnewusesforextracuts.Besides,Manycompaniesarecreatingedibleproductsespeciallyutensils.
Hopefully,zerowastecampaigncanhelpreducewasteworldwide.
【点睛】
[高分句型1]Somerestaurantsareusingcreativewaystouseunusedingredientsorfoodleftovers.运用动词不定式作定语修饰way,对第二段进行概括。
[高分句型2]:
Fashiondesignerseitheravoidunnecessarilycuttingclothorfindingnewusesforextracuts.用avoid加动名词作宾语,用either…or连接并列成分,对第三段进行概括,表达非常高级。
Passage3
(2020·上海虹口区·高三期末)Directions:
Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.
WanttobeaSmartGiftGiver?
Duringallkindsofholidays,millionsofpeoplewillbuygiftsforlovedones,whichisgreatexceptthattonsofthosepeoplewillmakethesameglaringmistake,andbuythewronggifts.What’sgoingon?
Giftbuyinghasbecomeadeceivinglyselfishpursuit.Wedon’tactuallylookforthingspeoplewanttoreceive.Instead,wetendtolookforthingsthatwewanttogive.It’sasubtle,butprettysignificantproblem.
Researchhasshownthatgiverstendtovaluethegiftstheybuyconsiderablymorethanreceivers.Giftsarevaluedroughly10to33percentlessbyreceiversthanwhatgiverspaidforthem.JoelWaldfogelnotedthisinScroogenomics:
WhyYouShouldn’tBuyPresentsfortheHolidays,his2009bookongift-giving.
Thedifferenceseemstocomefromasimplemisplacedbeliefthatthoughtfulpresentsarethebestpresents.Theyarenot.Infact,theymightjustbetheworstpresents.Themorethoughtyouputintoapresent,themorelikelyyouaretostrayfrombuyingwhatthepersonyouarebuyingthepresentsforactuallywants.
Inotherwords,peoplelettheirgift-givingegos(自我)getinthewayofgreatpresents,especiallywhenthereceiverissomeonetheywanttoshowtheyknowreallywell.Fortunately,theanswertoourcollectiveinsistenceonguessingwhatpeoplewantissimple:
stopit.
Ifthat’stooimpersonal,there’sanotherhelpfulruleofthumb(经验之谈).Insteadofbuyingrestrictivegifts,likegiftcardsforspecificstores,buygiftsthatallowforflexibility,likegiftcardsthatcanbeusedmorebroadly(or,betteryet,cash).Peopletendtoprefergiftcardstoactualgifts,andcashtoboth,Steffelexplained.Steffel’slatestresearch,whichfocusesongiftcardgiving,pointstoexactlythispoint--thatversatility(用途广泛)isthekeytobettergiftgiving.
【答案】Althoughmanypeoplebuygiftsduringholidays,somemaychoosethewronggifts.Theybuywhattheywanttogiveinsteadofwhatrecipientsprefer.Asresearchshows,recipientsvalue/appreciategiftsfarlessthangivers.Actually,thoughtfulpresentsturnouttheworstones.Therefore,stoppingbuyinggiftsorpickingflexibleones,preferablycash,maywork.
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。
虽然很多人在节日期间买礼物,但有些人可能选错了礼物。
他们买的是他们想给的东西,而不是受赠者喜欢的东西。
研究表明,受赠者对礼物的重视程度远远低于送礼者。
实际上,体贴的礼物往往是最糟糕的。
因此,停止购买礼物或选择灵活的礼物,最好是现金,可能会奏效。
【详解】
1要点摘录
①Duringholidays,manypeoplewillbuygiftsforlove
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