专八翻译真题.docx

专八翻译真题.docx

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专八翻译真题

【1997年】Buteveninaprehistoriccave,man-kindstretchedoutahandofnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.（物称主语）Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.

【1998年】TospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassertthatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep.Atanygivenmomentthetravelercouldfindexamplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.（增词）IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualificationtoprecedetheword,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope（especiallyEngland）willbeoneofdegree,sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergenceisasubtleaffair,liabletoperplextheEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportantsensesgrewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisown—andwhichisyetaforeigncountry.（定语从句）Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinshipyieldstoasuddenalienation,aswhenwehailapersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblankresponsethatwehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.

【2000年】Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression“untimelydeath”,theymustbelievethatsomedeathsrunonabetterschedulethanothers.Deathinoldageisrarelycalleduntimely—alonglifeisthoughttobeafullone.（被动语态）Butwiththepassingofayoungperson,oneassumesthatthebestyearslayaheadandthemeasureofthatlifewasstilltobetaken.

Historydeniesthis,ofcourse.Amongprominentsummerdeaths,onerecallsthoseofMarilynMonroeandJamesDeans,whoselivesseemedequallybriefandcomplete.（增词+定语从句）WriterscannotbearthefactthatpoetJohnKeatsdiedat26,andonlyhalfplayfullyjudgetheirownlivesasfailureswhentheypassthatyear.Theideathatthelifecutshortisunfulfilledisillogicalbecauselivesaremeasuredbytheimpressionstheyleaveontheworldandbytheirintensityandvirtue.（被动语态）

【2001年】Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardforthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty（词类转换）.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytherules.（意合）Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryrules,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.（语序）Nodifficulty,nofun.

【2002年】Winnersarenotafraidoftodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.（被动语态）

【2003年】Inhisclassicnovel,“ThePioneers”,JamesFenimoreCooperhashishero,alanddeveloper,withhiscousinonatourofthecityheisbuilding.（词类转换）Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,abustlingmetropolis.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildered.Allsheseesisaforest.“Wherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowme?

”sheasks.He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem.“Where!

Whyeverywhere,”hereplies.Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyareasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.

【2004年】I’mlonelyonlywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenfromthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip,whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot,andamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout.

Thenforalittlewhilethehousefeelshugeandempty,（物称主语）andIwonderwheremyselfishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsandperhaps,bylookingagainateachoneasthoughitwereaperson.（被动语态）

【2005年】Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses----fiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.（语序）Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;trytobecomehim.Behisfellowworkerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.（物称主语）

【2006年】Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat.Wehavebeforeusanordealofthemostgrievouskind.Wehavebeforeusmany,manymonthsofstruggleandsuffering.Youask,whatisouraim?

Icananswerinoneword,itisvictory.Victoryatallcosts,victoryinspiteofallterrors---victory,howeverlongandhardtheroadmaybe,（介词）forwithoutvictorythereisnosurvival.Letthatberealized,nosurvivalfortheBritishEmpire,nosurvivalforallthatBritishEmpirehasstoodfor,nosurvivalfortheurge,theimpulseoftheages,thatmankindshallmoreforwardtowardhisgoal.（被动语态）Itakeupmytaskinbuoyancyandhope.（介词）Ifeelsurethatourcausewillnotbesufferedtofailamongmen.Ifeelentitledatthisjuncture,atthistime,toclaimtheaidofallandtosay,“Comethen,letusgoforwardtogetherwithourunitedstrength.”

【2008年】But,ashasbeentrueinmanyothercases,whentheywereatlastmarried,themostidealofsituationswasfoundtohavebeenchangedtothemostpractical.（被动语态）Insteadofhavingsharedtheiroriginalduties,andasschool-boyswouldsay,goinghalves,theydiscoveredthatthecaresoflifehadbeendoubled.（被动语态）Thisledtosomedistressingmomentsforbothourfriends;（物称主语）theyunderstoodsuddenlythatinsteadofdwellinginheaventheywerestilluponearth,andhadmadethemselvesslavestonewlawsandlimitations.Insteadofbeingfreerandhappierthaneverbefore,theyhadassumednewresponsibilities;theyhadestablishedanewhousehold,andmustfulfillinsomewayoranothertheobligationsofit.Theylookedbackwithaffectiontotheirengagement;theyhadbeenlongingtohaveeachothertothemselves,apartfromtheworld,butitseemedthattheyneverfeltsokeenlythattheywerestillunitsinmodernsociety.

【2009年】We,thehumanspecies,areconfrontingaplanetaryemergency-athreattothesurvivalofourcivilizationthatisgatheringominousanddestructivepotentialevenaswegatherhere.（同位语从句）Butthereishopefulnewsaswell:

wehavetheabilitytosolvethiscrisisandavoidtheworst-thoughnotall-ofitsconsequences,ifweactboldly,decisivelyandquickly.However,toomanyoftheworld'sleadersarestillbestdescribedinthewordsofWinstonChurchillappliedtothosewhoignoredAdolfHitler'sthreat（被动语态）:

"Theygooninstrangeparadox,decidedonlytobeundecided,resolvedtobeirresolute,allpowerfultobeimpotent."Sotoday,wedumpedanother70milliontonsofglobal-warmingpollutionintothethinshellofatmospheresurroundingourplanet,asifitwereanopensewer.Andtomorrow,wewilldumpaslightlylargeramount,withthecumulativeconcentrationsnowtrappingmoreandmoreheatfromthesun.