英语专业学士学位论文.docx
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英语专业学士学位论文.docx
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英语专业学士学位论文
分类号:
学校代码:
11460
学号:
********
南京晓庄学院
本科生学士学位论文
英汉语音中的同化现象分析
OnAssimilationOfSoundsInEnglishAndChinese
所在院(系):
行知学院
学生:
马辉
*******
研究起止日期:
2010年9月至2011年4月
二○一一年四月
学位论文独创性声明
本人郑重声明:
本论文是本人在导师指导下独立从事研究所取得的成果。
文中除以参引或注释形式标明出处者外,不含任何其他个人或机构已发表或未发表的著述或研究结果。
对本文的研究做出贡献的个人和机构,均已在“致谢”中加以说明。
本人完全了解,违反上述声明所引起的一切法律责任将由本人承担。
本人签名_______________
年月日
AbstractandKeyWords
Abstract:
Phonologicalassimilationisacommonphenomenoninpronunciationofalmosteverylanguage,itoccursforleasteffortandsmoothpronunciation.LearningassimilationphenomenoninChinesecanimprovestudents’understandingassimilationinEnglish,sothisthesisfirstlydiscussesthephonologicalassimilationinChinese,thendetailedlyinvestigatesthedefinitionandthecommontypesandcasesoftheassimilationsinEnglish;todosostudentscanhaveabettermasteryofphonologicalassimilationandpronunciationespeciallyinEnglishandcanalsoimprovethefluencyoftheirspokenEnglishandenhancetheirabilityinlisteningcomprehension.
Keywords:
Assimilation;linguistics;English;Chinese
摘要:
语音同化基本在任何一种语言发音中都是一种很普遍的现象,其发生的原因是为了省力或发音顺畅。
本文着重分析英汉语音中的同化现象,因为英汉语音同化存在着许多相似处,所以本文先从大家较熟悉的汉语入手,重点分析了汉语语音同化现象的概念及一些主要类型,然后再分别从语音同化定义、类型、例子等方面论述了英语中语音同化现象,这样做有助于同学们更好地理解英语中的语音同化现象,此外了解语音同化现象还有助于提高个人的口语和听力水平。
关键词:
语音同化;语言学;英语;汉语
CONTENTS
1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………………1
2.LiteratureReview
2.1DifferentConceptofAssimilation
2.2ResearchofAssimilationinLinguistics
3.AssimilationofSoundsinChinese………………………………………………....4
3.1BasicInformation
3.2Types
4.AssimilationofSoundsinEnglish………………………………………………….5
4.1DefinitionofAssimilationofSounds
4.2Types
4.2.1TypesClassifiedAccordingtoDirection
4.2.2TypesClassifiedAccordingtoFeature
4.2.3TypesClassifiedAccordingtoResult
4.2.4TypesClassifiedAccordingtoBoundary
4.3SometypicalCasesofAssimilationinEnglish
4.4ImportantAssimilationRulesinEnglish
4.5SynonymsofAssimilationinLinguistics
5.Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………10
Bibliography…………………………………………………………….……………11
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………..……………12
OnAssimilationofSoundsinEnglishandChinese
1.Introduction
Tospeakaboutassimilation,youmaygetdifferentanswersbyscholarsofdifferentscience:
abiologistwillsayit’stheconversionofnutrientintothefluidorsolidsubstanceofthebodybytheprocessesofdigestionandabsorption;asociologistmaysayit’stheblendingorfusingofminoritygroupsintothedominantsociety;apsychologistwillsay:
“itistheincorporationofnewconceptsintoexistingschemes.”Alinguististsaysit’saphonologicalprocessbywhichasoundbecomessimilartoanadjacentsound.Whatthisthesisdiscussesisassimilationinlinguisticsorassimilationofsounds,learningassimilationofsoundsishelpfulforChinesestudentstohaveabettermasteryofEnglishpronunciationandcanimprovethefluencyoftheirspokenEnglishandenhancetheirabilityinlisteningcomprehension.
Asmentionedabove,assimilationinlinguisticsisaphonologicalprocesswhereaphonebecomessimilartoanearbyphone,itisprobablythemostcommonphonologicalprocessinalllanguages–youwillseeitoverandoverasyouanalyzedifferentlanguages,becauseusingitpeoplecangettheeffectofsavingeffortormakingthepronunciationofthetwodissimilarconsonantseasierbytakingshortcuts.Inthisthesis,AssimilationofsoundsinEnglishandChineseispresentedandfocused.AcommonexampleofassimilationinEnglishwouldbe"don'tbe"wherethe/n/and/t/in"don't"areassimilatedto/m/and/p/bythefollowing/b/,wheresaidnaturallyinmanyaccentsanddiscoursestyles("dompbe").AssimilationinChinesePutonghuaisalsousedveryoften,forexample,难免[nanmian]becomes难免[nammian]:
when[nan]isinfrontof[mian],theconsonant/n/willbeassimilatedinto/m/bythelabialconsonant/m/in[mian]following,sobecoming[nammian].
Thestructureofthisthesisisasfollows:
thefirstpartistheintroductionwhichgivesabriefexplanationofthechoiceoftheresearchtopicandtheoutlineofthewholepaper.Thesecondpartoffersaliteraturereviewthatprovidestheoreticalsupportforthispaper.Inthethirdpartofthispaper,assimilationofSoundsinChineseisdiscussed.Inthefourthpartofthispaper,assimilationofSoundsinEnglishisdiscussed,thedefinitionandtypeswillbeanalyzedindetail.Lastpartdrawsaconclusiontothewholethesis.
2.LiteratureReview
2.1DifferentConceptofAssimilation
Assimilationasaprofessionaltermindifferentsubjecthasdifferentconcept.Themostcommonandmostearlyusedassimilationisbiologicalassimilationwhichbelongstosubjectofbiology,andotherassimilationslikeculturalassimilation,psychologicalassimilation,assimilationofsoundsinlinguisticsarealsousedveyoften.
Biologicalassimilationisthecombinationoftwoprocessestosupplyanimalcellswithnutrients.Thefirstistheprocessofabsorbingvitamins,minerals,andotherchemicalsfromfoodwithinthegastrointestinaltract.Thesecondprocessisthechemicalalterationofsubstancesinthebloodstreambytheliverorcellularsecretions.
Culturalassimilationbelongstosubjectofsociology,itisasocio-politicalresponsetodemographicmulti-ethnicitythatsupportsorpromotestheassimilationofethnicminoritiesintothedominantculture.Culturalassimilationisopposedtoaffirmativephilosophywhichrecognizesandworkstomaintaindifferences,anditisoftenusedwithregardtoimmigrantsandvariousethnicgroupswhohavesettledinanewland.
AssimilationinpsychologyisalsocalledConstructivism,itistheincorporationofnewconceptsintoexistingschemes.AccordingtoWikipedia,“itisatheoryofknowledgethatarguesthathumansgenerateknowledgeandmeaningfromaninteractionbetweentheirexperiencesandtheirideas”.Duringinfancy,itisaninteractionbetweentheirexperiencesandtheirreflexesorbehavior-patterns.
Assimilationofsoundsinlinguisticsisthisthesis’scentraltopicwhichmeansacommonphonologicalprocessbywhichthephoneticsofaspeechsegmentbecomesmorelikethatofanothersegmentinawordoratawordboundary.Inthefollowingsection,itwillbedetailedlydiscussed.
2.2ResearchofAssimilationinLinguistics
AssimilationofsoundsinLinguisticsisaphonologicalprocess,manyscholarshavetouchedonit,butwesternlinguisticiansmayresearchmoredeepandearlythandomesticScholars.
FrombeginningofthefatherofmodernlinguisticsSaussureintheearly20thcentury,therehavebeenanincreasingnumberofwesternscholarsinvestigatingthetopic.ItisdefinedbymanywesternphoneticiansasShane,Ladefoged(2006),Roach(2001),Langacker(1973)andmanyothersasaphonologicalprocesswherethereisachangeofonesoundintoanotherbecauseoftheneighbouringsounds.Firstly,Shaneexplainsitisaprocessinwhichasegmenttakesonfeaturesfromaneighbouringone.Aconsonantmaypickupfeaturesfromavowel,avowelmaytakeonfeaturesfromaconsonant,oneconsonantmayinfluenceanother,oronevowelmayhaveaneffectonanother.ThisdefinitionisassertedbyVictoriaFromkinwhenshesaysthat“assimilationisakindofeaseofarticulationprocessinwhichonesoundinfluencesthepronunciationofanotheradjacentornearbysound”(2004:
301).Thus,accordingtoFromkin,assimilationprocessesareuniversalsincetheypermitgreatereaseofarticulation.Ladefoged(2006)saysthatanticipatoryco-articulationisbyfarthecommonestcauseofassimilationsinEnglish.".Anticipatoryco-articulationmeansthataprecedingsoundtakesthefeatureofthefollowingoneas/input/to[imput].Onthelightofthis,assimilationinEnglishisclassifieddifferently.Roach(2001),forinstance,definestwokindsofassimilation:
regressiveandprogressive.Regressiveassimilationoccurswhenthefinalconsonantchangestobecomeliketheinitialconsonantofthesecondword,forexample:
'sitdown['sɪdaun[,thatperson]'ðæpə:
sn],goodgirl']gugə:
l[;butprogressiveassimilationhappenswhenthefinalconsonantbecomesliketheprecedingconsonantinsomewayasinvoicing,forexample,'cats['kæts[,'dogs['dogz[.AssimilationinEnglishisalsocategorizedbyplace,voiceandmanner,byplaceas:
smile,snow;byvoiceas:
caps]kæps[,cars]kɑ:
z[,opened]opәnd[;bymanneras:
lemon,light/l/;well,dark/l/.
Domesticscholarsalsobrieflytalkedaboutassimilationwhenwritingtheirlinguisticbooks,thenationalfamousprofessorDaiWeidongdefinesassimilationinhisbookANewConciseCourseinLinguisticsforStudentsofEnglishas“assimilat]ing[onesoundtoanotherby‘copying’afeatureofasequentialphoneme,thusmakingthetwophonessimilar”(2010:
26).HuZhuanglin(2006)explainsthatassimilationisaprocessbywhichonesoundtakesonsomeorallthecharacteristicsofaneighboringsound,thenhementionesthe2maintypesofassimilation:
1.Regressiveassimilation:
Ifafollowingsoundisinfluencingaprecedingsound,wecallitregressiveassimilation.2.Progressiveassimilation:
Ifaprecedingsoundisinfluencingafollowingsound,wecallitprogressiveassimilation.
Aboveall,manypeoplehaveinvestigatedassimilationandgetgreatachievementswhichareveryvaluableandhelpfultothefollowinggenerationstoinvestigate,buttheyjustresearchfromakindoflanguage,paperinvestigatingEnglishsoundstogetherwithChinesesoundsislittle.Sointhisthesis,assimilationinbothChinesesoundsandEnglishsoundswillbediscussed.
3.AssimilationofSoundsinChinese
3.1BasicInformation
WhenaChinesepersonisaskedwhatisassimilationofsound
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