英语专业八级考试试题和答案.docx
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英语专业八级考试试题和答案.docx
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英语专业八级考试试题和答案
2005年英语专业八级考试试题和答案
听力原文
Part1,ListeningComprehension
SectionA,Mini-Lecture
Ithinkasseniors,youareoftenrequiredbyyourinstructorstodosomelibraryresearchonthistopicorthat.And,intheend,youhavetowritearesearchpaper,right?
Thenwhatiswritingaresearchpaperlike?
Howarewegoingtowriteone?
Whatarethestepsinproducingaresearchpaperandwhatarethepointsweneedtotakecareof?
Intoday’slecture,I’lltrytoanswerthesequestions.
Firstofall,whatiswritingaresearchpaperlike?
Wemaystartbycomparingittoanordinaryessay,aformofwritingyouareveryfamiliarwith.Writingaresearchpaperismuchlikewritinganessay.Bothkindsofwritinginvolvemanyofthesamebasicsteps.Thatis,choosingatopic,askingquestionstodefineanddevelopthetopic,identifyingtheaudience,gettingrawmaterialtoworkwith,outliningthepaper,writingit,and,finally,revisingit.Thesearethestepssharedbetweenresearchpaperwritingandessaywriting.
Isthereanydifference,youmayask.Yes.Whatmakesaresearchpaperdifferentisthatmuchofyourrawmaterialcomesnotfromyourownhead,butfromprintedsources:
mainlybooksandperiodicalsinthelibrary.Collectingrawmaterial,thatisreadingbooksandtakingnotes,isverymuchliketheprocessofbrainstormingattheprewritingstageofanordinaryessay.
Generallyspeaking,therearetwobasictypesofresearchpapers,andapapermaybelongtoeithertype.Itmaybeasurveyoffactsandopinionsavailableonagiventopicorananalyticalargumentthatusesthosefactsandopinionstoproveapoint.Yourinstructormaytellyouwhichkindofpaperyouareexpectedtowrite.Ifnot,youyourselfshouldeventuallychoosebetweensurveyingandarguing.Youwillthenhaveadefinitewayofmanagingyoursources.
Now,let’stakealookathowyouaregoingtowriteasurvey-typeresearchpaperoranargumentativeresearchpaper.Inasurvey-typeresearchpaper,yougatherfactsandavarietyofopinionsonagiventopic.Youmakelittleattempttointerpretorevaluatewhatyoursourcessayortoproveaparticularpoint.Instead,throughquotation,summary,andparaphrase,youtrytoprovidearepresentativesamplingoffactsandopinionstogiveanobjectivereportonyourtopic.Youexplaintheprosandconsofvariousattitudesoropinions,butyoudon’tsidedefinitelywithanyoneofthem.
Whileinanargumentativeresearchpaper,youdoconsiderablymore.Youdonotsimplyquote,paraphrase,andsummarizeasyoudoinasurvey-typepaper.Youinterpret,question,compare,andjudgethestatementsyoucite.Youexplainwhyoneopinionissoundandanotherisnot;whyonefactisrelevantandanotherisnot;whyonewriteriscorrectandanotherismistaken.What’smore,yourpurposemayvarywithyourtopic.Youmaytrytoexplainasituationtorecommendacourseofaction,torevealthesolutiontoaproblem,ortopresentanddefendaparticularinterpretationofahistoricaleventoraworkofart.ButwhetherthetopicisspacetravelortrendsincontemporaryAmericanliterature,anargumentativeresearchpaperdealsactively–Isayitagain,actively–withthestatementsitcites.Itmakesthesestatementsworktogetherinanargumentthatyoucreate,thatis,toanargumentleadingtoaconclusionofyourown.
Inthenextpartofthelecture,I’dliketotalkaboutoneofthebasicstepsinwritingImentionedearlierinthelecture.Thatishowtochooseatopic.Choosingatopicforaresearchpaperisinsomewayslikechoosingatopicforanordinaryessay,buttherearesomedifferences.Asyouthinkaboutyourtopic,askyourselfthesequestions:
Questionnumberone:
Doyoureallywanttoknowmoreaboutthistopic?
Thisistheinitialquestionyouhavetoaskyourself,becauseresearchonanysubjectwillkeepyoubusyforweeks.Youcertainlydonotwishtowasteyourtimeonsomethingyouhavelittleinterestin.Youdoitwellonlyifyouexpecttolearnsomethinginterestingorimportantintheprocess.
QuestionnumbertwAreyoulikelytofindmanysourcesofinformationonthistopic?
Youcannotwritearesearchpaperwithoutconsultingavarietyofsources.Ifonlyonesourceornoneatallisreadilyavailable,youshouldrethinkyourtopicorchooseanother.
Questionnumberthree:
Canyoucutthetopicdowntoamanageablesize?
Bereasonableandrealisticaboutwhatyoucandoinashortperiod,say,twotofourweeks.Ifyourtopicis“TheAmericanRevolution”,you’llscarcelyhavetimetomakealistofbooksonyoursubject,letalonereadandanalyzethem.Sotrytofindsomethingspecific,suchas“TheRoleofThomasJeffersonintheAmericanRevolution”or“TheFranco-AmericanAlliance”
Questionnumberfour:
Whatquestionscanyouaskaboutthetopicitself?
Questionshelpyougetthetopicdowntoamanageablesize,discoveritspossibilities,andfindthegoalofyourresearch,thatis,thespecificproblemyouwanttoinvestigate.Supposeyouwanttowriteabouttheissueoffinancingacollegeeducation–Atopicnotonlycurrent,butalsodirectlylinkedtothelivesofmostcollegestudentsandtheirfamilies.Youcouldaskatleasttwoorthreepointedquestions:
Howmuchdoeseducationalopportunitydependonfinancialstatus?
Isfinancialaidgoingtothestudentswhoneeditmost?
Howmuchshoulduniversitiesandcollegeschargetheirstudents?
Youcanaskyourselfthesequestionsormoreasyoustartworkontheresearchpaper.
Okay.Tosumup,intoday’slecture,we’velookedatsomeoftheissuesinresearchpaperwriting,likethebasicsteps,typesofresearchpaper,andhowtochooseatopic.Inournextlecture,we’llconcentrateonhowtoidentifytheaudience,howtoworkoutanoutline,andhowtoeditthedraft.
SectionB,Interview
M:
Today,we’veProfessorMcKayonourmorningtalkshow.Goodmorning,ProfessorMcKay.
W:
Goodmorning.
M:
I’veheardthatyouandyourteamhavejustcompletedareportonoldage.
W:
That’sright.
M:
Couldyoutellmewhatyourreportisabout?
W:
Well,thereportbasicallylooksintothevariousbeliefsthatpeopleholdaboutoldageandtriestoverifythem.
M:
Andwhatdoyouthinkyourreportcanachieve?
W:
Wehopethatitwillsomehowhelppeopletochangetheirfeelingsaboutoldage.Theproblemisthatfartoomanyofusbelievethatmostoldpeoplearepoor,lonely,andunhappy.Asaresult,wetendtofindoldpeople,asagroup,unattractive.Andthisisverydangerousforoursociety.
M:
Butsurelywecannotescapethefactthatmanyoldpeoplearelonelyandmanyaresick.
W:
No,wecan’t.Butwemustalsorememberthattheproportionofsuchpeopleisnogreateramongthe60-70agegroupthanamongthe50-60agegroup.
M:
Inotherwords,thereisnomorementalillness,forexample,amongthe60s-70sthanamongthe50s-60s.
W:
Right!
Andwhyshouldtherebe?
Whyshouldweexpectpeopletosuddenlychangewhentheyreachtheir60thor60thbirthdayanymorethantheydidwhentheyreachedtheir21st?
M:
Butonewouldexpecttheretobemorephysicalillnessamongoldpeople,surely.
W:
Whyshouldoneexpectthis?
Afterall,thosepeoplewhoreachtheageof65or70arethestrongamongus.Theweakdiemainlyinchildhood,thenintheir40sand50s.Furthermore,bythetimepeoplereach60or65,theyhavelearnedhowtolookafterthemselves.Theykeepwarm,sleepregularhours,andeatsensibly.Ofcourse,someoldpeopledosufferfromphysicalillnesses,butthesedonotsuddenlydevelopontheir65thbirthday.Peoplewhoarehealthyinmiddleagetendtobehealthyinoldage,justasonewouldexpect.
M:
Doyoufindthatyoungpeoplethesedaysarenotasconcernedabouttheirparentsastheirparentswereabouttheirs?
W:
Wehavefoundnothingthatsuggeststhatfamilyfeelingiseitherdyingordead.Theredonotappeartobelargenumbersofyoungpeoplewhoaretrying,forexample,tohavetheirdearoldmotherlockedupinamentalhospital.
M:
Don’tmanymoreparentsliveapartfromtheirmarriedchildrenthenusedtobethecase?
W:
True,butthisisbecausemanymoreyoungfamiliescanaffordtoowntheirownhomesthesedaysthaneverbefore.Inotherwords,parentsandtheirmarriedchildrenusuallyliveinseparatehouseholdsbecausetheypreferitthatway,notbecausethechildrenrefusetohavemumanddadlivingwiththem.
M:
Isthisagoodthing,doyouthink?
W:
Ithinkthatit’sanexcellentarrangement.Weallliketokeeppartofourlivesprivate,evenfromthosewelovedearly.Icertainlydon’tthinkthatit’sasignoftheincreasedlonelinessofoldage.
M:
Arepeople’smentalabilitiesaffectedbyoldage?
W:
Certainchangesdotakeplaceaswegrowolder,butthishappensthroughoutlife.Thesechangesareverygradualandhappenatdifferenttimeswithdifferentpeople,but,ingeneral,ifyouknowapersonwellinhismiddleageandhaveseenhowhedealswitheventsandproblems,youwilleasilyrecognizehiminoldage.
M:
Sothatsomeonewhoenjoysnewexperiences,travel,education,andsooninhismiddleyearswillusuallycontinuetodosointooldage?
W:
Exactly.Wehavecarriedoutsomeveryinterestingexperimentsinwhichagroupofpeopleaged60-70andagroupaged30-40hadtolearnthesamethings.Thefirstthingwediscoveredwasthattheyounggrouptendstobequickeratlearningthantheoldgroup.However,althoughtheoldgrouptooklongertolearn,eventually,theyperformedaswellastheyounggroup.Andwhenwetestedthetwogroupsseveralweekslater,therewasagainnodifferencebetweenthetwogroups.
M:
That’sveryinterestingindeed.Whatelsedidyourexperimentsshow?
W:
Well,onegroupofoldpeopleagreedtoattendeveningclassesforayeartostudyEn
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