太太药业SAP备份及恢复流程.docx
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太太药业SAP备份及恢复流程.docx
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太太药业SAP备份及恢复流程
SAP备份及恢复流程
Author:
陶朝晖
Date:
May.23,2002
Version:
1.0
Content
Purpose3
BackupStrategy3
BackupTool3
BackupDevice3
BackupContents3
BackupScheme4
TapeStorage5
Therearetwowaystocheckstatusofbackup5
RecoveryStrategy6
RestoreTool6
RestoreDevice6
RestoreContents6
RecoveryScheme6
CompleteRecovery6
IncompleteRecovery8
Specialcases10
Appendix13
I.StepsofSAPArchive13
II.StepsofSAPOnlineBackup14
III.StepsofSAPOfflineBackup16
IV.DailyRecorderReport18
V.Contentsintape19
VI.Tapemanagement21
VII.StructureChanges(ControlFiles)23
VIII.ORA-01149orORA-01113formissing"endbackup"24
Purpose
Thisdocumentdefinesthebackuppolicytoensureregular,correctbackupproceduresarecarriedoutanddataintegrityiskept.
Thisdocumentdescribesbackupstrategy.Intheeventoflossofdataoccurring,thesystemcanthereforeberestoredasquicklyandasfullyaspossible.
Thisdocumentalsodefinestherecoveryprocedurestoensuresystemwouldbeupasquicklyandasfullyaspossibleincaseofsystemdown.
BackupStrategy
Therecommendedmethodistapebackup.
BackupTool
•UsingtheDBAPlanningCalendar(transactionDB13)
•UsingtheSAPdatabaseadministrationtoolSAPDBAatoperatingsystemlevel
•Directly,attheoperatingsystemlevel(brarchive/brbackup,tar/dump)
•Usinghpbackuptoolsomni.
BackupDevice
Tapedriver:
24GBDLT
BackupContents
∙DataFiles
∙Controlfiles
∙Profiles
∙Onlineredologfiles
∙Offlineredologfiles
∙Operatingsystemfiles
TapeNameConventionandInitialization
⏹Tapeusedforbrbackuparealwaysnamedasfollows,
Tapeusedforbrarchivearealwaysnamedasfollows,
⏹Performthetapeinitializationprocedureasfollows:
•Settheinit
volume_backup=(
volume_archive=(
•Toinitializethetapepools,useSAPDBAorBRBACKUPandBRARCHIVEwithcalloption-iforce(where-i=initializeandforce=donotevaluatetapelabel).
•Inthisexample,tapelabels
⏹Tooverwritethedefaultsettingsdefinedinvolume_backuporvolume_archive,useBRBACKUPandBRARCHIVEwithcalloption-v/-volume.
BackupScheme
Thebackupschemeshouldguaranteethatproductiondataberecoveredwithinadayanddevelopmentdataberecoveredwithinsixdaysafteradisaster.
Asystematicapproachofmaintainingbackupsonadaily,weekly,andmonthlybasisisstronglyrecommended:
∙ThefirstbackupisalwaysaFullbackup.
∙Daily:
PRD:
OnlineBackup(nighttime)+Redologarchive(daytime)
Othersystem:
Redologarchive(daytime)
∙Weekly:
OfflineBackup
∙Monthly:
UnixlevelBackup
Ifitisinfollowingcases,backupunderunixlevelmustbecarriedout,
∙R/3releaseupgrade
∙Kernelupgrade
∙Oracleupgrade
∙OSupgrade
Allbackupsshouldbescheduledduringofftime,e.g.atthenightofeachdayoratweekend.TheadministratorshouldSTICKTOthescheme.Occasionally,theadministratorwillhavetoscheduletheschemetorunwhennoonewillbearoundtoinsertthecorrectmediaintothetapedrive,forexample,onholidays.Itisrecommendedthattheadministratorchangetheschemesothathe/shehasacurrentfullbackupofthesetbeforethescheduledclosing,thenshutoffbackupforthatday.Whenhereturns,hecanreverttothestandardset-upforthatset.
Theadministratorshouldemployappropriatetapestoensuretheywillholdalldataneedingbackup.AlltapesshouldbelabeledwithcertainSAPnamingconventionwhichwillreflectsBackuptypeandDate.Oncetheadministratorhavesetuptherotationscheme,heneedtomakesuretherightmediaisinthetapedriveforeachdayoftheweek.
Theadministratorshouldcheckbackuplogsafterbackupcomplete.Logsareveryimportantinassuringdataintegrity.Iftheadministratorneedstorestoredatainadisastersituation,he’llhaveareferencefromwhichtostart.
TapeStorage
Threegroupsoftapemediashouldbestoredseparatelyinappropriateplace.Atapeshouldnotberotatedexceedingtheguaranteedlifetime.Foradditionalsecurity,themonthlytapesandIdfloppycopiesshouldbeplacedinafireproofsafeandstoredoff-site(Awayfromcomputerroom).
VerificationandFailedBackups
Afterthebackuphasrun,backedupfilesshouldbeverifiedagainsttheoriginals.Toverifyboththedatatobebackedupaswellasthedatabasebackups,thefollowingtwowayscheckshouldbeused,
∙PerformalogicaldatachecktoverifytheconsistencyoftheOracledatabaseandvoidoracleblockscorrupted.Foroptimalperformance,performthischeckduringperiodsoflowsystemactivity,suchasweekends.Thestatementusedforcheckingis
sapdba-check
∙Performaphysicaldatachecktoverifythetapesusedforadatabasebackup.Tocheckthephysicalcorrectnessofthedatatransferred,readthetapesafterasuccessfulbackuponceaquarter.
Ifabackupfails,theexplanationneedstobefoundandtheproblemremediedbeforethenextbackup.Inanycase,thebackuplogshouldbeexamined.Aproblemmayhavearisenwiththebackupmedium,thebackupsoftwareorthesystemitself.Theadministratorshouldcheckeverydaythatallbackupshaverunsuccessfully.
Therearetwowaystocheckstatusofbackup
∙UsingtheDBAPlanningCalendar(transactionDB13)
∙UsingtheLoginfoOverview(transactionDB24)
RecoveryStrategy
Inthischapter,weonlytalkaboutrecoveryforSAPData(DatabaseDataFiles).
RestoreTool
•UsingtheSAPdatabaseadministrationtoolSAPDBAatoperatingsystemlevel
•Directly,attheoperatingsystemlevel(brarchive/brbackup,tar/dump)
RestoreDevice
Tapedriver:
40-80GBDLT
RestoreContents
∙DataFiles
∙Controlfiles
∙Profiles
∙Onlineredologfiles
∙Offlineredologfiles
∙Operatingsystemfiles
RecoveryScheme
Thebackupschemeshouldguaranteethatproductiondataberecoveredwithinadayanddevelopmentdataberecoveredwithintwodaysafteradisaster.
CompleteRecovery
Generalflow
1.sqldbalmode=y
SQLDBA>SHUTDOWN[NORMAL|IMMEDIATE|ABORT]
SQLDBA>EXIT
2.MakeanOFFLINEbackupofthewholeDB,butatleastofthecurrentcontrolfileandthoseonlineredo-logfileswhichwerenotyetarchived(seeV$LOG)incasetherecoverywillhavetoberepeated!
3.Restoreonlythedefectivedatafilesfromthelastbackup(whetherONLINEorOFFLINEbackup).Fortheresult,itisofnoimportanceifallthedatafilesarerestored,butrestoringandrecoveringsinglefilesisfaster.
(Iftherewerestructurechangessincethelastbackupwhichaffectthedefectivefiles,youmustusethelastbackupsAFTERthestructurechanges!
Pleaserefertoappendix)
4.sqldbalmode=y
SQLDBA>CONNECTINTERNAL
SQLDBA>STARTUPMOUNT
SQLDBA>ALTERDATABASECREATEDATAFILE'
[AS'
Createallthefilesforwhichnobackupexists,butonlyifalltheredo-log-filessincefilegenerationexistandiftherehasbeenno"CREATECONTROLFILE"sincethen(->ORA-01178).The"AS"optioncanbeusedifthenewfileshouldalsoberenamed,"SIZE",ifthefilesizewaschanged.
SQLDBA>SELECTNAMEFROMV$DATAFILEWHERESTATUSIN('OFFLINE','SYSOFF');
SQLDBA>ALTERDATABASEDATAFILE'
SetallpreviouslyselecteddatafilesONLINE!
SQLDBA>RECOVERDATABASE[USINGBACKUPCONTROLFILE];
Provideredo-log-files(ifneeded)andconfirmthemwith
isreported.
"USINGBACKUPCONTROLFILE"isnecessaryifabackupofthecontrolfileshouldbereloadedorif
"CREATECONTROLFILE"wasexecutedwithoption"RESETLOGS".
Generally,"CREATECONTROLFILE"willbeexecutedwith"NORESETLOGS"
(specialcase:
e.g.changedb_name,seeORACLEdocu.).
SQLDBA>ALTERDATABASEOPEN[RESETLOGS];
"RESETLOGS"isnecessaryafter"USINGBACKUPCONTROLFILE".
SQLDBA>EXIT
TheDBisnowcompletelyrecreated.
IftheDBwasopenedwith"RESETLOGS",youmustshutitdownatonceandmakeacompleteOFFLINEbackupinordertobeabletorestoreandrecoverinthefutureaswell.
IncompleteRecovery
Thefollowing3optionsareavailableforanincompleterecovery:
-uptoaparticulardateandtime("UNTILTIME")
-uptoaparticularSCN='systemchangenumber'("UNTILCHANGE")
-uptoaparticularredologfile("UNTILCANCEL")
CAUTION:
Ifyouwanttoperformanotherrecovery(i.e.importredologfiles)aftertherestore(restoredatabasebackup),youmayNOTOPENthedatabaseuntilyouhaveimportedalltheredologfilesrequired;seenumber4furtherbelow.
GeneralProcedure:
-------------------
1.sqldbalmode=y
SQLDBA>SHUTDOWN[NORMAL|IMMEDIATE|ABORT]
SQLDBA>EXIT
2.PerformanOFFLINEbackupoftheentiredatabase.Atleastsavethecurrentcontrolfilesandthenotarchivedonlineredologfiles(seeV$LOG),incasetherecoveryneedstoberepeated!
3.Reloadallthebacked-updatafilesoftheentireDB(restore).
-Alsoreloadundamagedfiles.AlldatafilesmusthavebeensavedBEFOREtherecover-untiltime!
-Exception:
UndamageddatafilesneedNOTbereloaded,ifdespite
choosingtheoption"UNTIL"thedatabaseistoberecoveredtothe
end,thatistoitscurrentstate.
(e.g.WhenUNTILonlyservesthepurposeofenablingthedatabase
tobereopenedwithRESETLOGSaftertherecovery.)
-Fortherecoveryitisinsignifican
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