托福写作同义词替换词全集.docx
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托福写作同义词替换词全集.docx
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托福写作同义词替换词全集
同义词替换词全集
国内考生常用的表达
更得分的表达方式
名词
1
thingsthatonetrieshardtodo
one'sundertakings/one'scommitments
2
Thefactisthat…
Therealityisthat…
3
joy
happiness/delight/enjoyment
4
sadness
sorrow/grief
5
danger
hazard/peril(后面这个词语气很强,危险程度非同一般)[派生]dangerous;hazardous
6
education
≈schooling(指学校教育,家庭教育则用upbringing/parenting)[区分]家庭教育的两个词upbringing是从孩子的角度说的,比如children'supbringing;而parenting是从家长的角度来说,比如sensibleparenting.
7
advertisement/advertising
如果你写过关于广告的题目,就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/advertising有多郁闷。
其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类细化,比如commercials(电视或者互联网上的广告),flyers(传单广告,北京最常见的形式就是“135****,办证”),billboards(大幅的广告牌)或者non-profitadvertisements=public-interestadvertisements(公益广告)
8
car
automobile
9
economiccrisis
economicmeltdown(很接近)/recession(这个一般仅仅还是衰退)/theGreatDepression(这个则是特指1929年开始的那次了)
10
famouspeople
celebrities(单数为celebrity)
11
humanbeings(备考生使用过多)
humanity(注意这个词的单数指人类,复数指人文学科)/thehumanrace
12
wealth
fortune(s)(fortune作财富的意思时可以加复数)
13
[相关]rich
wealthy/affluent(adj.)
14
skill
≈technique(注意这个词的正确解释是技能或者方法,而不是technology科技)
15
[派生]skilled
adept/adroit(adj.)
16
method
methodology(国外学术写作中超级常用的词,基本就是method的故作高深版)
17
field
sphere/domain/arena
18
understandingof
≈graspof/commandof
19
choice
option
20
cooperation
≈collaboration
21
basicstructureinacityoracountry
infrastructure
22
tirednessforalongtime
fatigue
23
isamustof
isaprerequisitefor(是……的必备先决条件)
24
theInternet
≈theinformationhighway(一篇考生作文里Internet被使用十几次是常事儿)
25
honesty
≈integrity
26
strongbelief
faith(in)
27
aim
intention
28
worries
anxieties(是的,这两个词的确都可以加复数)
29
influence
impact/repercussion/implication
30
influenceoneachother
mutualinfluence(类似的表达还有mutualrespect,mutualtrust和mutualunderstanding/interactionbetweenAandB/interplaybetweenAandB
31
manydifferentkindsof…
avarietyof…/awidearrayof…/awiderangeof…
32
wrongideasheldbymanypeople
misconceptions
33
fame
prestige/sterlingreputation
34
range
≈spectrum
35
sense
≈recognition
36
part
component(这个词不仅指零件,在学术写作中也经常指“部分”)
37
wise
[相关]sensible(adj.)
38
gap
disparity
39
asystemforaparticularpurpose
≈amechanismfor…
40
asolutiontosth.
aremedyforsth.(生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法,但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法,注意搭配的介词不同)
41
badstudents
≈unrulystudents/disruptivestudents
42
badbehavior
unethicalbehavior/immoralbehavior
43
organizationsthathelppoorpeople
charities/charitableorganizations
44
difference
distinction
45
[派生]bedifferentfrom
bedistinctfrom(adj.)
46
person
individual
47
personality
≈disposition
48
businesses
enterprises(这里指企业)
49
pricesthataretoohigh
exorbitantprices
50
therateof…
theincidenceof…(后面一般跟坏事儿,比如unemployment/crime/adisease)
51
intenseenthusiasm
zeal/passion
52
culturalglobalization(有过多人使用这个词)
globalculturalhomogenization
53
athingthatisnecessary
anecessity
54
athingthatisnewandinteresting
anovelty
55
athingthatisrare
ararity
56
thingsthatpeoplearenotsureabout
uncertainties
57
aworldlanguage
auniversallanguage
58
friends
companions
59
relaxation
≈recreation
60
self-respect
≈self-esteemanddignity
61
respectsb./sth.
holdsb./sth.inhighregard
62
[反义]lookdownon…
treat…withcontempt=despise(v.)
63
self-control
self-discipline
64
criminal
convict
65
prisoner
inmate
66
drinks
≈alcoholicbeverages
67
peoplewhowalkonthestreet
pedestrians
68
oldgenerationsinhistory
ancestors
69
apersonwhobenefitsfromsth.
abeneficiaryofsth.
70
adiseasethatspreadsquickly
anepidemic(注意这个词虽然是-ic结尾,却不是形容词)
71
averyunpleasantwayoflife
misery
72
ataskthatrequireslotsofeffort
anarduoustask
73
emotion
≈sentiment
74
enemy
≈opponent/foe
75
narrowminds
insularminds(狭隘的头脑或者观念)
76
awaytodosth.
anapproachtodoingsth./anavenuetowardssth.
77
hobby
≈pastime/diversion
78
progress
progression(经常指抽象的进步,比如写关于society/career/technology的话题)
79
failure
setback(注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格)
80
importance
significance(当你用了一次importance之后,第二次不妨用这个)
81
duty
obligation(用于比较重要的责任)
82
difficulty
hindrance/impediment/hurdles
83
pressurefromyourclassmates
peerpressure
84
citizenswhocanwork
laborforce/workforce(都是总体概念,而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格)
85
problemsordiseasesthatexistforalongtime
persistentproblems/chronicdiseases
86
alifewithoutregularexercise
asedentarylifestyle
87
result
consequence(表示消极的结果更多一些)
88
thoughts
≈considerations
89
thelackofknowledge
ignorance(注意在地道英文里,这个词经常并不表示“忽视”,而是表示“无知”)
90
harm(n.)
adverseeffect
91
harm(vt.)
damagedestroy/ruin(这两个词比damage程度更重)spoil(后面跟thecityscape/scenery/environment)undermine(后面跟抽象概念,比如stability/socialorder/harmony)jeopardize(后面跟抽象概念,比如one'sfuture/one'scareer)tarnish(后面跟one'sreputation/image)sap/dampen(后面跟one'senthusiasm/interest/confidence)
92
[派生]harmful
detrimental(adj.)
93
[派生]beharmfulto
≈poseathreatto
94
badluck
misfortune
95
trouble
adversity/dilemma/predicament/hardship
96
crime
offense/criminalact
97
youthcrime
≈juveniledelinquency
98
criminal
offender/≈culprit/≈perpetrator
99
seriouscrime
heinouscrime/felony
100
aminorcrime
amisdemeanor
101
shortage(of)
scarcity(of)/dearth(of)
102
theonlyone
anexception
103
placeswhereanimalslive
habitat
形容词
104
worrying
≈disturbing
105
verypopular
prevalent/ubiquitous
106
TRUE
genuine(trulyagenuinely)
107
deep
profound(深刻的,后面经常跟wisdom/truths/understanding/impact/thoughts)
108
strong
powerful/mighty
109
weak
≈vulnerable
110
hard-working
industrious(注意不是industrial,而diligent那个词在美语中是个挺大的词)
111
verydisappointing
lamentable/pathetic
112
begood(for)
bebeneficial(to)=beinthebestinterests(of)
113
benotasgoodas
beinferiorto
114
bebetterthan
besuperiorto
115
uninteresting
mundane(注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并不是“世俗的”意思/humdrum
116
many
numerous(注意要跟可数名词)
117
complicated
intricate
118
strange
odd/bizarre/eccentric(单weird有点过于口语化了)
119
cannotbeturnedback
beirreversible
120
produceusefulresults
productive
121
practical
≈realistic
122
mature
sophisticated(这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的)
123
selfish
self-centered/materialistic
124
proud(贬义)
conceited
125
suitable
fitting
126
mostsuitable
optimal
127
lonely
isolated/alienated
128
alone
solitary
129
beeasilyinfluencedbysth.
besusceptibletosth.(一般是坏事情,比如adisease/attacks)
130
isbetterthan
issuperiorto
131
notasgoodas…
isinferiorto
132
bethesame
beidentical/behomogenous/beuniform(后面两个词比较正式,一般是说culturalglobalization的时候常用,现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫schooluniforms了吧,就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服)
133
interesting
≈stimulating
134
boring
≈monotonous/repetitive
135
useless
redundant
136
smart
intelligent
137
famous
renowned
138
positive
≈desirable/encouraging
139
happy
delighted
140
enjoyable
delightful
141
canbeused
beavailable
142
hardtounderstand
bewildering/baffling/confusing
143
(laws/rules/people)notstrict
lenient
144
healthy
wholesome(注意说人的健康还是要用healthy,但是如果说事物有益健康,就可以用wholesome)
145
goodfortheenvrionment
eco-friendly(比如Bikingisfarmoreeco-friendlythandrivingtheirSUVs.)
146
nervous/anxious
≈apprehensive
147
doubtsth.
beskepticalaboutsth.
148
fair
≈justified
149
unfair
≈unwarranted/unjustifiable
150
huge
enormous/massive/vast/colossal
151
small
tiny/miniscule(后面一般跟抽象名词)
152
havemanydifferentabilities
beversatile/bewell-rounded
153
befamiliarwith
bewell-acquaintedwith
154
verysuccessful/admirable
distinguished
155
proper
appropriate
156
typical
quintessential(这个语气非常强)
157
exact
precise/≈accurate
158
ugly
unsightly
159
poor-quality
substandard(housing/accommodation/work/goods/machines)
160
thepresent…
thecurrent…/theexisting…(比如thecurrentfinancialcrisis/theexistingenvironmentalproblems)
161
outdated
antiquated/obsolete
162
highly-respected
esteemed
163
complete(adj.)/whole
entire
164
spendalotofmoney
leadanextravagant/alavishlife
165
open
enlighted/progressive(开明的,逐步的,经常用来形容govern-ment或者society)
166
sth.mustbecarriedout
sth.iscompulsory/sth.ismandatory
167
withlonghistory
time-honored(后面经常跟抽象名词,比如tradition/practice/methods/heritage)
168
continuingforever
perpetual
169
important
significantessentialvital(这三个词的重要性依次递增)
170
veryattractive
veryappealing/fascinating/captivating
171
verycareful
cautious
172
beveryinterestedin
beabsorbedin/beengrossedin
173
bequalifiedfor
beeligiblefor
174
disappointing
frustrating
175
wrong
erroneous
176
longandabitannoying
lengthy
177
verydifficult
daunting/formidable
178
beingspreadinuncontrolledway
rampant(后面经常跟负面现象,比如crime,pollution或者discrimination)
179
cruel
≈inhumane/merciless
180
fat
overweight/obese(后面这个已经胖出病了)
181
havingwrongopinions
skewed/biased(这两个词一般在IELTS媒体类话题使用,表示“有偏见的”)
182
includingmanythings
comprehensive(综合的,全面的)
183
enough
adequate/sufficient/ample/abundant(注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的)
184
toomuch
excessive
185
verylittle
minimal(注意不是minimum)
186
causebadeffects
counterproductive(其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关,只要阻止人们达到目的,都可以写它counterproductive)
187
strict
stringent(后面一般跟laws,measures或者rules)
188
urgent
pressing(problems)
189
quiet
tranquilandserene(美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用)
动词
190
makesth.strong
strengthen/fortify/reinforce/consolidatesth.
191
makesth.weak
weaken/erode(侵蚀)
192
makesth.better
enhance/better(很少看到国内考生用better当动词,其实在学术写作中bettersth.是挺常见的表达)
193
makesth.worse
aggravate/exa
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