托福必背词汇超强分类McGrawHill400MusthaveWordsfortheTOEFL精简版.docx
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托福必背词汇超强分类McGrawHill400MusthaveWordsfortheTOEFL精简版.docx
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托福必背词汇超强分类McGrawHill400MusthaveWordsfortheTOEFL精简版
Contents
Introduction...................................................xiSixQuickHintsforSuccessontheTOEFL®..................xiii
Nature
LESSON1FoodCrops........................................3LESSON2Disaster.......................................7LESSON3EvolutionandMigration......................12LESSON4PetroleumAlternatives........................17
Science
LESSON5TimeEfficiency...............................23LESSON6AncientLife..................................27LESSON7Computers...................................32LESSON8Energy.......................................37
MindandBody
LESSON9Memory......................................43LESSON10Spirituality...................................47LESSON11Illness.......................................52LESSON12Surgery......................................56LESSON13Ghosts.......................................60Formoreinformationaboutthistitle,clickhere
Society
LESSON14Anthropology................................67LESSON15SocialInequality..............................72LESSON16Expertise....................................77LESSON17MilitaryOperations...........................81LESSON18WarandConquest............................86LESSON19History......................................90
Money
LESSON20FinancialSystems.............................97LESSON21WealthandSocialClass......................101LESSON22PersonalProperty...........................106LESSON23Employment................................110LESSON24InternationalTrade..........................115
GovernmentandJustice
LESSON25Politics.....................................123LESSON26AReasonableDoubt.........................128LESSON27ThePolice..................................133LESSON28InvestigatingCrimes.........................138LESSON29GovernmentCorruption......................142LESSON30CrimesatSea................................146LESSON31TheWaronDrugs...........................151
Relationships
LESSON32FamilyRelationships.........................157LESSON33Friendship..................................162viiiContents
LESSON34Passion.....................................166LESSON35NegativeEmotions...........................170
Culture
LESSON36SocialRebels................................177LESSON37PaintingandSculpture.......................181LESSON38TheWrittenWord...........................186LESSON39Entertainment...............................191LESSON40RiskyFashions..............................195
400Must-HaveWordsfortheTOEFL.......................199Contentsix
Nature
LESSON
FoodCrops
TargetWords
1.abandon6.intensify
2.adversely7.irrigation
3.aggregate8.obtain
4.cultivation9.photosynthesis
5.fertilize10.precipitationDefinitionsandSamples
1.abandonv.Toleave;togiveup
Tosavetheirlives,thesailorshadtoabandonthesinkingship.Partsofspeechabandonmentn
2.adverselyadv.Inaharmfulway;negatively
Excessiverainfallearlyinthespringcanadverselyaffecttheplant-ingofcrops.
UsagetipsAdverselyisoftenfollowedbyaffect.
Partsofspeechadversityn,adverseadj
3.aggregateadj.Gatheredintooramountingtoawhole
Itisimpossibletojudgelastyear’sperformancewithoutknowingtheaggregatesalesnumbers.
UsagetipsAggregateisoftenfollowedbyatermlikesum,total,ornumbers.
Partsofspeechaggregatev,aggregaten
1
4Nature
4.cultivationn.Preparingthelandtogrowcrops;improvementfor
agriculturalpurposes
Withthedevelopmentoflandcultivation,huntersandgatherers
wereabletosettleinoneplace.
Partsofspeechcultivatev
5.fertilizev.Tosupplywithnourishmentforplantsbyaddinghelpful
substancestothesoil
Thisfarmfertilizestomatoesmorethananyothercrop.
Partsofspeechfertilizern,fertilizationn
6.intensifyv.Toincreaseinpower;toactwithincreasedstrength
Jacob’slongabsenceintensifiedhiscertaintythatheshouldmarryRose.
Partsofspeechintensificationn,intenseadj
7.irrigationn.Thesupplyingofwatertodryland
Indryareasofthecountry,youcanseeditchesalloverthefarm-
landforirrigation.
Partsofspeechirrigatev
8.obtainv.Togainpossessionof;toget
Afteraseriesofdifficultinterviews,hefinallywasabletoobtain
thejob.
9.photosynthesisn.Theprocessbywhichgreenplantsmaketheir
ownfoodbycombiningwater,salts,andcarbondioxideinthepres-
enceoflight.
Oxygenisaby-productoftheprocessofphotosynthesis.
Partsofspeechphotosynthesizev
10.precipitationn.WaterthatfallstotheEarth’ssurface
InthePacificNorthwest,thehighlevelofprecipitationensuresrich,greenplantlife.
2
LESSONDisaster
TargetWords
1.anticipate6.flood
2.catastrophic7.impact
3.collide8.persevere
4.eruption9.plunge
5.famine10.unleash
DefinitionsandSamples
1.anticipatev.Toexpect;tosensesomethingbeforeithappens
Byplacingsensorsinearthquake-proneareas,scientistscanantici-patesometremorsintimetowarnthepublic.
Partsofspeechanticipationn,anticipatoryadj
2.catastrophicadj.Extremelyharmful;causingfinancialorphysical
ruin
Thearchitectdiedinacatastrophicelevatoraccident.
Partsofspeechcatastrophen,catastrophicallyadv
3.collidev.Tocometogetherwithgreatorviolentforce
Asusual,theirholidaywasruinedwhentheirin-laws’viewsonpoli-ticscollidedwiththeirown.
Partsofspeechcollisionn
Copyright©2005byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Clickherefortermsofuse.
8Nature
4.eruptionn.Asudden,oftenviolent,outburst
TheeruptionofMountSt.Helensin1980caused57deathsand
immeasurablechangetothefaceofthemountain.
UsagetipsEruptionisoftenfollowedbyanofphrase.
Partsofspeecheruptv
5.faminen.Severehunger;adrasticfoodshortage
ThepotatofamineinIrelandinthemid-nineteenthcenturycausedlargenumbersofIrishpeopletoemigratetoAmerica.
6.floodn.Anoverflowingofwater;anexcessiveamount
Theconstantrainandpoordrainagesystemcausedafloodintown.
Thepoliticalpartysentoutafloodofletterscriticizingtheir
opponents.
Partsofspeechfloodv
7.impactn.Astronginfluence
Thespeechabouttheimportanceofeducationmadeanimpact
onme.
UsagetipsImpactisusuallyfollowedbyonorof.
Partsofspeechimpactv
8.perseverev.Tokeepgoing,despiteobstaclesordiscouragement;to
maintainapurpose
Thehikerspersevereddespitethebadweatherandtheicytrail.Partsofspeechpersistv,persistentadj
9.plungev.Togodownsuddenly;todecreasebyagreatamountina
shorttime
Hejumpedoffthedivingboardandplungedintothepool.
Thevalueofthecompany’sstockplungedafteritschiefexecutive
wasarrested.
3
LESSONEvolutionandMigration
TargetWords
1.adapt6.inherent
2.diverse7.migration
3.evolve8.physical
4.feature9.process
5.generation10.survive
DefinitionsandSamples
1.adaptv.Toadjusttothecircumstances;tomakesuitable
Dinosaurscouldnotadapttothewarmertemperatures.
Theteacheradaptedtheexercisesforhismoreadvancedstudents.UsagetipsAdaptisoftenfollowedbyto.
Partsofspeechadaptationn,adaptern,adaptableadj
2.diversen.Various;showingalotofdifferenceswithinagroup
Indiaisoneofthemostlinguisticallydiversecountriesintheworld.UsagetipsAn-lyadverb(e.g.,linguisticallyoftencomesbefore
diverse.
Partsofspeechdiversifyv,diversityn,diversificationn
3.evolvev.Todevelop;tocomeforth
Modern-daysharksevolvedfromtheirancestorEryops,whichlivedmorethan200millionyearsago.
Copyright©2005byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Clickherefortermsofuse.
EvolutionandMigration13
UsagetipsEvolveisoftenfollowedbyintoorfrom.
Partsofspeechevolutionn,evolutionistn
4.featuren.Part,characteristic
Thebestfeatureofthiscarisitsheatedseats.
UsagetipsFeatureisoftenfollowedbyof.
Partsofspeechfeaturev
5.generationn.Agroupofpeoplebornataboutthesametime
Asoldermanagersretired,anewgenerationofleaderstookcontrolofthecompany.
UsagetipsBeforegeneration,anadjectivelikenew,next,earlier,orolderiscommon.Generationisoftenfollowedbyof.
Partsofspeechgenerationaladj
6.inherentadj.Naturallycharacteristic;alwaysfoundwithinsomething,
becauseit’sabasicpartofthatthing
Nojobcanbeinterestingallthetime.Boredom
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