复习总结.docx
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复习总结.docx
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复习总结
FinalExamStudyGuide
FinalExamFormat:
1.Concepttranslation(EnglishtoChinese)
2.Multiplechoicequestions
3.Trueorfalse.
4.Fillintheblanks
StudyGuide:
Chapter1:
Electroniccommerce(EC);pureplayEC;partialEC;ECorganizationtypes;ECtransactiontypes;ECrevenuemodels;ECbusinessmodels,ECdevelopmentandfuture;Valuechain;
End-of-chapterSummarysection:
(P35)
1.DefinitionofECanddescriptionofitsvariouscategories.ECinvolvesconductingtransactionselectronical.ItsmajorcategoriesarepureversuspartialEC,Internet-basedversusnon-Internetbased,andelectronicmarketsversusinterorganizationalsystems.
2.ThecontentandframeworkofEC.TheapplicationsofEC,andtherearemany,arebasedoninfrastructuresandaresupportedbypeople;publicpolicyandtechnicalstandards;marketingandadvertising;supportservices,suchaslogistics,security,andpaymentservices;andbusinesspartners----alltiedtogetherbymanagement.
3.ThemajortypesofECtransactions.ThemajortypesofECtransactionsareB2B,B2C,C2C,m-commerce,intrabusinesscommerce,B2E,c-commerce,e-government,ande-learning.
4.Theroleofthedigitalrevolution.ECisamajorproductofthedigitalandtechnologicalrevolution,whichenablescompaniestosimultaneouslyincreasebothgrowthandprofits.Thisrevolutionenablesdigitizationofproducts,services,andinformation.
5.TheroleofthebusinessenvironmentasanECdriver.Thebusinessenvironmentischangingrapidlyduetotechnologicalbreakthroughs,globalization,societalchanges,deregulations,andmore.Thechangingbusinessenvironmentforcesorganizationstorespond.Traditionalresponsesmaynotbesufficientbecauseofthemagnitudeofthepressuresandthepaceofthechangesinvolved.Therefore,organizationsmustfrequentlyinnovateandreengineertheiroperations.Inmanycases,ECisthemajorfacilitatorofsuchorganizationalresponses.
6.ThemajorECbusinessmodels.ThemajorECbusinessmodelsincludeonlinedirectmarketing,electronictenderingsystems,name-your-own-price,affiliatemarketing,viralmarketing,grouppurchasing,onlineauctions,masscustomization(make-to-order),electronicexchanges,supplychainimprovers,findingthebestprice,value-chainintegration,value-chainproviders,informationbrokers,bartering,deepdiscounting,andmembership.
7.BenefitsofECtoorganizations,consumers,andsociety.ECoffersnumerousbenefits.Becausethesebenefitsaresubstantial,itlooksasthoughECisheretostayandcannotbeignored.
8.BarrierstoEC.ThebarrierstoECcanbecategorizedastechnologicalandnontechnological.Astimepassesandnetworkcapacity,security,andaccessibilitycontinuetoimprovethroughtechnologicalinnovations,thebarriersposedbytechnologicallimitationswillcontinuetodiminish.Nontechnologicalbarriersalsowilldiminishovertime,butsome,especiallythebehavioralones,maypersistformanyyearsinsomeorganizations,cultures,orcountries.
9.Contributiontoorgaziationsrespondingtoenvironmentalchanges.ECprovidesstrategicadvantagesoorganizationscancompetebetter.Also,organizationscangointoremoteandglobalmarketsforbothsellingandbuyingatbetterprices.Organizationscanspeedtime-to-markettogaincompetitiveadvantage.Theycanimprovetheinternalandexternalsupplychainaswellasincreasecollaboration.Finally,theycanbettercomplywithgovernmentregulations.
10.SocialandbusinessOnlineNetworks.Socialandbusinessnetworksattracthugenumbersofvisitors.ManyofthevisitorsareyoungfutureECcustomers.Therefore,advertisersarewillingtospendmoneyonadvertising,eithertoanentiregrouportoindividuals(e.g.,usingGoogle’stechnology).Alreadyamongthemostvisitedsites,theyoffermanyinnovativeapplicationsaswell.
whyisbuyingwithasmartcardfromavendingmachingconsiderdEC?
Whyise-learningconsideredEC?
Chapter2:
E-marketplace;intermediary;marketfunctions;E-marketplacecomponentsandparticipants;informationportal;electronicstorefronts;intermediaries;e-catalogue;disintermediation;reintermediation;
End-of-chapterSummarysection.(P79)
1.E-marketplacesandtheircomponents.Amarket-space,ore-marketplace,isavirtualmarketthatdoesnotsufferfromlimitationsofspace,time,orborders.Assuch,itcanbeveryeffective.Itsmajorcomponentsincludecustomers,sellers,products(somedigital),infrastructure,front-endprocesses,back-endactivities,electronicintermediaries,otherbusinesspartners,andsupportservices.
2.Theroleofintermediaries.Theroleofintermediarieswillchangease-marketsdevelop;somewillbeeliminated(disintermediation),otherswillchangetheirrolesandprosper(reintermediation).IntheB2Barea,forexample,e-distributorsconnectmanufacturerswithbuyersbyaggregatingelectroniccatalogsofmanysuppliers.Newvalue-addedservicesthatrangefromcontentcreationtosyndicationaremushrooming.
3.Themajortypesofe-marketplaces.IntheB2Carea,therearestorefrontsande-malls.IntheB2Barea,thereareprivateandpublice-marketplaces,whichmaybevertical(withinoneindustry)orhorizontal(acrossdifferentindustries).Differenttypesofportalsprovideaccesstoe-marketplaces.
4.Electroniccatalogs,searchengines,andshoppingcarts.Themajormechanismsine-marketsareelectroniccatalogs,searchengines,software(intelligent)agents,andelectronicshoppingcarts.TheremechanismsfacilitateECbyprovidingauser-friendlyshoppingenvironment.
5.Typesofauctionsandtheircharacteristics.Inforwardauctions,bidsfrombuyersareplacedsequentially,eitherinincreasing(EnglishandYankee)modeorindecreasing(Dutchandfree-fall)mode.Inreverseauctions,buyersplaceanRFQandsupplierssubmitoffersinoneorseveralrounds.In“name-your-own-price”auctions,buyersspecifyhowmuchtheyarewillingtopayforaproductorserviceandanintermediarytriestofindaproductorserviceandanintermediarytriestofindasuppliertofulfilltherequest.
6.Thebenefitsandlimitationsofauctions.Themajorbenefitsforsellersaretheabilitytoreachmanybuyers,tosellquickly,andtosaveoncommissionstointermediaries.Buyershaveachancetoobtainbargainsandcollectibleswhileshoppingfromtheirhomes.Themajorlimitationisthepossibilityoffraud.
7.Barteringandnegotiating.Electronicbarteringcangreatlyfacilitatetheswappingofgoodsandservicesamongorganizations,thankstoimprovedsearchandmatchingcapabilities,whichisdoneinbarteringexchanges.Softwareagentscanfacilitateonlinenegotiation.
8.Theroleofm-commerce.MobilecommerceisemergingasaphenomenonthatcanprovideInternetaccesstomillionsofpeople.Italsocreatesnewlocation-relatedapplications.
petitiioninthedigitaleconomy.Competitioninonlinemarketsisveryinenseduetoincreasedpowerofbuyers,theabilitytofindthelowestprice,andtheeaseofswitchingtoanothervendor.Globalcompetitionhasincreasedaswell.
10.Theimpactofe-marketsonorganizations.Allfunctionalareasofanorganizationareaffectedbye-markets.Broadly,e-marketsimprovedirectmarketingandtransformandredefineorganizations.Directmarketing(manufacturerstocustomers)andone-to-onemarketingandadvertisingarebecomingthenorm,andmasscustomizationandpersonalizationaretakingoff.Productionismovingtoabuild-to-ordermodel,changingsupplychainrelationshipsandreducingcycletime.Virtualmanufacturingisalsoontherise.Financialsystemsarebecomingmoreefficientastheybecomenetworkedwithotherbusinessfunctions,andthehumanresourcesactivitiesofrecruiting,evaluation,andtrainingarebeingmanagedmoreefficientlyduetoemployees’interactionswithmachines.
Chapter3:
E-tailing;advantagesandchallengesofonlineretail;characteristicofsuccessfule-tailing;e–tailing,businessmodelsbydistributionchannel;multi-channelintegration;channelconflict;In-classexercisesquestions;
End-of-chapterSummarysection(P143)
PerformanceEvaluationofElectronicRetailers:
Comparetheperformanceofe-tailerswithtraditionalretailersbytime,industry,andcountry.
Contrastpopularmerchandisefore-tailingandphysicalretailing(whatsellswellontheInternetandwhy).
PricingIssuesinElectronicChannels:
ExploretherisksversusadvantagesofdifferentialpricesontheInternet.
Conductanempiricalstudyofhowcompaniesarecurrentlytreatingdifferentialpricingonline.
Researchcustomers’behaviorandtheirperceptionofonlinepricing.
Researchtheevolutionofpricingstrategiesinelectronicmarkets.
Explorethediffusionofpricecomparisonandlowest-price-matchingservices.
Researchtheeffectofgrouppurchasingonpricediscounts.
Researchtheeffectofusingintelligentagentinpricereduction.
OnlineServicesandTheirStrategies:
Researchconsumers’preferencesforusingonlineservicesincomparisonwithotherservice-deliverymodes.
Researchconsumersearchbehaviorfore-tailling
Identifythepricingstrategybehindbundlingdigitizedproducts.
Researchsecurityprotectionstrategiesforonlinesoftwaredistributionofdigitalproducts.
Researchsecurityprotectionstrategiesforonlinesoftwaredistributionofdigitalproducts.
1.Thescopeofe-tailing.E-tailling,theonlinesellingofproductsandservices,isgrowingrapidly.Computers,software,andelectronicsarethemajoritemssoldonline.Books,CDs,toys,officesupplies,andotherstandardcommoditiesalsosellwell.Moresuccessfulareservicessoldonline,suchasairlineticketsandtravelservices,stocks,andinsurance.
2.E-tailingbusinessmodels.Themajore-tailing
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