北京市六区高三一模英语分类汇编阅读理解D.docx
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北京市六区高三一模英语分类汇编阅读理解D.docx
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北京市六区高三一模英语分类汇编阅读理解D
2018北京六区高三一模英语分类汇编--阅读理解D
【海淀一模】
D
EudaimoniaisanAncientGreekword,particularlystressedbythephilosophersPlatoandAristotle,whichdeservesfarmoreattentionthanithasbecauseitcorrectstheshortfalls(缺失)inoneofthemostcentral,buttroublingwordsinourmodemlanguage:
happiness.
Whenwenowadaystrytoclearlyexpressthepurposeofourlives,itistheword“happiness”thatwecommonlyturnto.Wetellourselvesandothersthatthemostimportantprincipleforourjobs,ourrelationshipsandtheconductofourday-to-daylivesisthepursuitofhappiness.Itsoundslikeaninnocentenoughidea,buttoomuchrelianceonthetermmeansthatwefrequentlyunfairlytendtoquitor,atleast,heavilyquestionagreatmanychallengingbutworthwhilesituations.TheAncientGreeksdidnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy;theyproposedthatitwastoachieveEudaimonia,awordwhichhasbeenbesttranslatedas“fulfilment”.
Whatdistinguisheshappinessfromfulfilmentispain.Itisverypossibletobefulfilledand—atthesametime—underpressure,sufferingphysicallyormentally,overburdenedand,quitefrequently,inanirritable(易怒的)mood.Thisisaslightpsychologicaldifferencethatishardfortheword“happiness”tocapture,forit’strickytospeakofbeinghappyyetunhappy,orhappyyetsuffering.However,suchacombinationisreadilyaccommodatedwithintherespectedandnoble-soundingideaofEudaimonia.
Thewordencouragesustotrustthatmanyoflife’smostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwithcontentment,andyetwillbeworthpursuing.Properlyexploringourprofessionaltalents,managingahousehold,keepingarelationshipgoing,creatinganewbusinessventureorengaginginpolitics...noneofthesegoalsarelikelytoleaveuscheerfulandgrinningonadailybasis.Theywill,infact,involveusinallmannerofchallengesthatwilldeeplyexhaustandweakenus,provoke(激怒)andwoundus.Andyetwewillperhaps,attheendofourlives,stillfeelthatthetaskswereworthundertaking.Throughthem,we’llhaveachievedsomethingdeeperandmoreinterestingthanhappiness.
WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-free
existence—andthenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.We’llknowthatwearetryingtodosomethingfarmoreimportantthansmileallthetime:
we'restrivingtodojusticetoourfullhumanpotential.
47.Whatdoweknowabout“Eudaimonia”fromthepassage?
A.ItwasfirstcreatedbytwoGreekphilosophers.
B.Ithasreceivedalotofattentionfromthepublic.
C.Itstillhassomeshortfallsthatneedtobecorrected.
D.ItwasregardedasthepurposeoflifeinancientGreece.
48.AccordingtoParagraph3,happiness.
A.istheoppositeoffulfillment
B.isfreefromphysicalormentalpain
C.stressesthepsychologicaldifference
D.servesasarespectedandnoblelifegoal
49.Wecanleamfromthepassagethat.
A.aimingforhappinessmayleadtowrongself-blaming
B.goalsthatwoundandweakenusresultinhappiness
C.challengesleadingtocontentmentareworthundertaking
D.feelingfulfilledmeansweshouldavoidtoughsituations
50.Thepassageencouragesthereadersto.
A.findfulfillmentwithalleffortsB.seekforapain-freeexistence
C.keepoptimisticwhateverhappensD.balancehappinessandsuffering
47.D48.B49.A50.A
【西城一模】
D
Ownershipusedtobeaboutasstraightforwardaswritingacheque.Ifyouboughtsomething,youownedit.Ifitbroke,youfixedit.Ifyounolongerwantedit,yousolditorthrewitaway.Inthedigitalage,however,ownershiphasbecomemoreslippery.Sincethecomingofsmartphones,consumershavebeenforcedtoacceptthattheydonotcontrolthesoftwareintheirdevices;theyareonlylicensedtouseit.Asadigitalchainiswrappedevermoretightlyaroundmoredevices,suchascarsandthermostats,whoownsandwhocontrolswhichobjectsisbecomingaproblem.Buyersshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheirmostbasicpropertyrightsareunderthreat.
Thetrendisnotalwaysharmful.Manufacturersseekingtorestrictwhatownersdowithincreasinglycomplextechnologyhavegoodreasonstoprotecttheircopyright,ensurethattheirmachinesdonotbreakdown,supportenvironmentalstandardsandpreventhacking.Sometimescompaniesusetheircontroloveraproduct’ssoftwarefortheowners’benefit.WhenHurricaneIrmahitFloridathismonth,Teslaremotelyupdatedthesoftwarecontrollingthebatteriesofsomemodelstogiveownersmorerangetoescapethestorm.
Butthemoredigitalstringsareattachedtogoods,themorethebalanceofcontrolleanstowardsproducersandawayfromowners.Thatcanbeinconvenient.Pickingacarishardenough,butharderstillifyouhavetodiguptheinstructionsthattellyouhowuseislimitedandwhatdatayoumustgive.Iftheproductsareintentionallydesignednottolastlong,itcanalsobeexpensive.Already,itemsfromsmartphonestowashingmachineshavebecomeextremelyhardtofix,meaningthattheyarethrownawayinsteadofbeingrepaired.
Privacyisalsoatrisk.UsersbecometerrifiedwheniRobot,aroboticvacuumcleaner,notonlycleansthefloorbutalsocreatesadigitalmapoftheinsideofahomethatcanthenbesoldtoadvertisers(thoughthemanufacturersaysithasnointentionofdoingso).Caseslikethisshouldremindpeoplehowjealouslytheyoughttoprotecttheirpropertyrightsandcontrolwhousesthedatathatiscollected.
Ownershipisnotabouttogoaway,butitsmeaningischanging.Thisrequirescarefulinspection.Devices,byandlarge,aresoldonthebasisthattheyenablepeopletodowhattheywant.Totheextenttheyarecontrolledbysomebodyelse,thatfreedomiscompromised.
47.Whatbenefitdoesitbringtocustomersifcompaniescontroltheownershipofproducts?
A.Itprovidesthemwithknowledgetopreventhacking.
B.Itgivesthemthechancetobeprotectedfromdanger.
C.Itenablesthemtoownthecopyrightoftheproducts.
D.Ithelpsthemknowmoreaboutcomplextechnology.
48.Theunderlinedwords“thatfreedom”inthelastparagraphrefertothefreedomto_____.
A.controlotherpeopleB.sharetheownership
C.inspectdevicesatanytimeD.usedevicesasonewishes
49.Theauthormayagree_____.
A.customersshouldbuyfewerdigitaldevices
B.producersshouldcontrolpropertyrights
C.propertyrightsneedtobeprotected
D.betteraftersalesserviceisrequired
50.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?
I:
IntroductionP:
PointSp:
Sub-point(次要点)C:
Conclusion
47.B48.D49.C50.A
【朝阳一模】第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
D
IsPositiveThinkingPowerful?
The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike“Ineverdoanythingright”intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed”.ButwasthepositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?
Istherepowerinpositivethinking?
ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:
itcansimplystresshowunhappytheyare.Thestudy’sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbyusingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedback(反馈)whichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourfriendwhoisnotverycleverthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you’rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inthe1990s,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonconductedanexperiment.Theparticipantswereaskedtowriteessaysopposingfinancialsupportforthedisabled,expressinglittlesympathyforthem.Whentheseparticipantswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.
Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students’self-respect.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,“Iamlovable.”Thosewithlowself-respectdidn’tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-approval.Infact,theirfeelingsturnedsignificantlyworsethanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren’turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.
Thestudyprovidessupportfornewerformsforpsychotherapy(心理治疗)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(静思)techniques,onthecontrary,canteachpeopletorealizetheirshortcomingsfromalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.
67.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?
A.Therecanbenosimplesolutionstopsychologicalproblems.
B.Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydoharmtopeople.
C.Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.
D.Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.
68.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2probablymeans______.
A.youarepointingoutthemistakeshehasmade
B.youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough
C.youarestressingthefactthatheisnotintelligent
D.youarenottryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults
69.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?
A.Self-approvalcanbringapositivechangetoone’sfeelings.
B.Peoplewithlowself-respectseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.
C.Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyimprovetheirself-respect.
D.Forcingpeopletothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowerth
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