step by step 3000第一册Unit8录音文本.docx
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step by step 3000第一册Unit8录音文本.docx
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stepbystep3000第一册Unit8录音文本
Unit8TrendsinEconomics
PartIWarmingup
SectionA
Tapescript:
1.BritishAerospaceplanstobuythepartofGeneralElectricCompanyofBritainthatmakesdefenseelectronics.Thedealisworth$25,000,000,000.
2.CanadawillholdameetingofAmericanleadersinApriltodiscusstradeandeconomicissues.Canadanowhasatradesurplusof$161,000,000ayearwithCentralAmerica.
3.OwnersofMCICommunicationshaveagreedtosellthecompanytotheAmericancommunicationscompanyWorldCom.Thepriceis$37,000,000,000instock.WorldComdefeateda28,000,000,000-dollarofferbyGGE.MCIalsorefusedtheBritishcompanyTelecom’soffertounitethetwocompaniesbyanagreementworthabout$24,000,000,000.
4.PresidentClintonwillrelease30,000,000barrelsofoilfromtheUnitedStatesemergencysupply.Themoveisdesignedtoeaseheatingoilshortageexpectedthisyear.
5.RANGOON—TheUnitedNationsandtheWorldBankhaveofferedBurma$1,000,000,000inaid.AUNspecialdiplomatmadetheoffertoBurmeseleaderslastmonth.
6.RepresentativesofthesixnationsoftheGulfCooperationCouncilhaveagreedtocommonimporttaxes.OfficialsatthemeetinginRiyadsaidrepresentativesagreedtosetthecommontaxonsomegoodsat5.5%.Thetaxonothergoodswillbe7.5%.
7.TheNewYorkStockExchangehaltedtradingearlyaftersufferingoneoftheworstmarketdropsinhistory.Stockpricesfellmorethan550points.Thatisalossofmorethan7%.
8.UnitedStates’CentralBankofficialsarereducinginterestratesforthethirdtimethisyear.Thebankofficialscutby0.25%theratethatbankschargeeachotherforshort-termloans.Thatratenowwillbe4.75%.TheCentralBankmadethesamereductionintherateitchargesmemberbanksforovernightloans.Theratenowwillbe4.5%.
SectionB
Tapescript:
1.Angrydemonstratorsareincreasingtheirprotestsagainstrisingfuelprices.Worldoilpriceshavereachedaten-yearhighofaboutS35abarrel.
2.ChinahasopenedameetingofAfricannations.Representativesofmorethan40Africannationsareattendingthethree-daymeetinginBeijing.
3.DutchPrimeMinistersaystheCzechRepubliccouldbecomeamemberoftheEuropeanUnionbyearly2003.ThePrimeMinistertoldreportersthatthefinaldatewouldbedecidedbyaconferenceofEUmembers.
4.FinanceministersandCentralBankgovernorsofsevenleadingindustrialnationsaremeetinginWashington.OfficialsfromBritain,Canada,France,Germany,JapanandtheUnitedStatesareattendingthemeeting.
5.IranandSaudiArabiasaytheywilltrytoreducetheamountofoilnowontheworldmarketinanattempttoincreasethelowpricesthatareharmingtheireconomies.
6.LeadersoftheOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountrieshaveurgedrichcountriestoloweroilpricesbycuttingtaxesonoilproducts.
7.Leadersoftheten-memberAssociationofSoutheastAsianNationshavepromisedtospeedeffortstoincreasetradeandtobringpeaceandsecuritytothearea.TheymadethestatementattheendoftheiryearlymeetinginManila.
8.TheChairmanoftheFederalReserveBoardhastoldasenatecommitteethathewillsupportpoliciesthatkeepinflationlow.
9.TheUnitedStatesandJapanhavesignedanagreementthatwillopenJapaneseportstoforeigncompanies.
10.AndinSingapore,PrimeMinistersayshiscountry’seconomyhasincreasedalmost4percentforthefirsthalfof1999.Expertssaythecountryhasbecomealeadingmanufacturingandfinancialcenter.
SectionC
1.Arecordnumberofshares,almost93,000,000weretradedTuesdayontheNewYorkStockExchange.
2.TradingwasheavyagainFridayontheNewYorkStockExchange.About97,000,000sharesweretraded,anumbersecondonlytotherecord133,000,000sharestradedWednesday.
3.Manufacturers’HanoverTrustCompanyofNewYorkandtheFirstNationalBankofChicagobothreducedtheirprimerate1.5%to16%.
4.TheWorldBankhasapproveda100,000,000dollarloantotheIvoryCoast.
5.Japan’scabinethasapprovedaproposedbudgetplanfornextyear.The210,000,000,000dollarbudgetwillreducetotalspending.Militaryspendingwillbeincreased5.1%.
6.OilministersoftheOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountrieshaveagreedtocontinuelimitingproductionto17,500,000barrelsofoiladay.
7.TheCommerceDepartmentsaiditsindexofleadingeconomicindicatorsrose1.3%inJuly,thefourthmonthithasincreased.
8.UnemploymentintheUnitedStatesroselastmonthto9.5%oftheAmericanworkforce,thehighestratesinceWorldWarII.TheLaborDepartmentsaidthatunemploymentroseinMayby0.1%.Itsaid10,500,000Americanswereoutofwork.
9.Polandowesforeigncountriesabout27,000,000,000dollars.
10.TheLaborDepartmentreportsthatwholesalepricesincreasedbyonly0.6%inAugust.
PartIINobelPrizeWinnerforEconomics
A
1.EdmundPhelpsstudiedlargeforcesthataffecteconomiesatthenationalorinternationallevel.
2.MrPhelpscorrectlyidentifiedtherelationshipbetweenunemploymentandinflation.Hediscoveredthat,overthelongterm,inflationhurtjobcreation.
3.MrPhelpsshowedthatnationalsavingsratescanbetoohigh.Thebestsavingsrateisnotsohighthatitlimitsdemandsinthepresent,anditisnotsolowthatitlimitsgrowthandinvestmentinthefuture.
B
1.Sincethe1930s,policymakersinmanynationsdealtwithunemploymentbylettinginflationincreasetocreatejobs.Theyacceptedthatreducingunemploymentrequiredhigherinflation.
2.Commonsensesuggeststhataveryhighsavingsrateisbest.
Tapescript:
EdmundPhelpshasbeenawardedthisyear’sNobelPrizeforEconomics.MrPhelpsisaprofessorofeconomicsatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity.TheRoyalSwedishAcademyofScienceshonoredMrPhelpsforhisworkinmacroeconomics.Thatisthestudyoflargeforcesthataffecteconomicsatthenationalorinternationallevel.
MrPhelpscorrectlyidentifiedtherelationshipbetweenunemploymentandinflation.Sincethe1930s,policymakersinmanynationsdealtwithunemploymentinthesameway.Theywouldletinflationincreasetocreatejobs.
Forexample,theywouldmakecrediteasiertoget.Asaresult,peoplewouldbuymoregoods.Businesseswouldhireworkerstomeetgrowingdemand,forcingpricesup.Formanyyears,policymakersacceptedthatreducingunemploymentrequiredhigherinflation.
MrPhelpsfoundthatinflationdidtemporarilyincreaseemployment.Buthediscoveredthat,overthelongterm,inflationhurtjobcreation.HisideaswereprovedbyeconomicconditionsinAmericainthe1970s.Thatperiodwasknownfor“stagflationhavinghighunemploymentandhighinflationatthesametime.”
EdmundPhelpsalsofoundthatifemployersexpectlowinflationinthefuture,theyarcmorelikelytohireworkers.
Today,economicpolicyexpertsbelievethebestwaytocreatejobsistofightinflation.
MrPhelpsalsostudiednationalsavingsoverlongperiodsoftime.Commonsensesuggeststhataveryhighsavingsrateisbest.But,MrPhelpsshowedthatnationalsavingsratescanbetoohigh.Hearguedthatsavingtoomuchlimiteddemandinthepresent,whichcouldslowgrowth.
Thebestsavingsrateisnotsohighthatitlimitsdemandinthepresent.Anditisnotsolowthatitlimitsgrowthandinvestmentinthefuture.Still,hearguedthatgovernmentsshouldtakeactiontoraisenationalsavings.
EdmundPhelpsdidmuchofhisresearchinmacroeconomicsduringthelate1960sandearly1970s.Hisworkcontinuestoinfluenceeconomists.Andithashelpedchangepolicyatcentralbanks,whichnowconsiderfightinginflationamaingoal.
PartIII“Bulls”and“Bears”
1.astockexchange:
noisyplace/bell/lightedmessages/com¬puters7talkonthetelephone/shout/runaround
2.brokers:
experts/salespeople/buy&sellsharesofcompanies
3.stocks:
shares
4.thebigboard;alistofstockssoldontheNewYorkStockExchange
5.abearmarket:
prices/godown
6.abullmarket:
prices/goup
7.acompanythatgoesbellyup:
acompanythatdoesnotearnenoughprofit
8.awindfall:
asharpincreaseinthevalueofastock/somethingwonderfulthathappensunexpectedly
B.Nowlistentothepassageagain.Thenbriefly/answerthequestions.
1.Whenandwheredidtheword“board”withthemeaningmentionedinthepassageappearinwrittenform?
in1837inanewspaperinIllinois
2.Whatistheoriginof“abearmarket”?
oldstory/soldtheskinofabear/beforecaughtit
3.Whatistheoriginof“abullmarket”?
alongconnection/bullsandbears/insports/popularyearsago/England
4.Whatisthephrase“gobellyup”originallyusedtodescribe?
fish/turnoverontheirbacks/die
5.Whatisthestoryabouttheoriginoftheword“windfall”?
England/centuriesago/poorpeople/banned/cuttingtrees/thewindblewdownthetree/takeforfuel
Tapescripts:
TodaywetellaboutsomeAmericanexpressionsthatarecommonlyusedinbusiness.
Bellsound,lightedmessagesappear,menandwomenworkatcomputers,theytalkonthetelephone,attimestheyshoutandrunaround.Thisnoisyplaceisastockexchange.Hereexperts,salespeoplecalledbrokers,buyandsellsharesofcompanies.Thesharesareknownasstocks.Peoplewhoownstockinacompanyownpartofthatcompany.Peoplepaybrokerstobuyandsellstocksforthem.Ifacompanyearnsmoney,itsstockincreasesinvalue.Ifthecompanydoesnotearnmoney,thestockdecreasesinvalue.Brokersandinvestorscarefullywatchforanychangesonthebigboard.ThatisthenamegiventoalistofstockssoldontheNewYorkStockExchange.ThefirstwrittenuseofthewordwiththatmeaningwasinanewspaperinIllinoisin1837.Itsaid,“Thesalesontheboardwe
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