重庆医科大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题.docx
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重庆医科大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题.docx
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重庆医科大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题
重庆医科大学2013年博士研究生入学考试(英语)真题
DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes.ThiswouldsoundweirdinDanish.WhenDanestalktoforeignersaboutDenmark,theyalwaysbeginbycommentingonitstininess,itsunimportance,thedifficultyofitslanguage,thegeneralsmall-mindednessandself-indulgenceoftheircountrymenandthehightaxes.NoDanewouldlookyouintheeyeandsay,“Denmarkisagreatcountry.”You'resupposedtofigurethisoutforyourself.
Itisthelandofthesilksafetynet,wherealmosthalfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife'sinequalities,andthereisplentyofmoneyforschools,daycare,retrainingprogrammes,jobseminars—Danesloveseminars:
threedaysatastudycentrehearingaboutwastemanagementisalmostasgoodasaskitrip.ItisaculturebombardedbyEnglish,inadvertising,popmusic,theInternet,anddespitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs—thereisnoDanishAcademytodefendagainstit—olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners.Itisthelandwhere,asthesayinggoes,“Fewhavetoomuchandfewerhavetoolittle,”andaforeignerisstruckbythesweetegalitarianismthatprevails,wherethelowliestclerkgivesyoualevelgaze,whereSirandMadamehavedisappearedfromcommonusage,evenMr.andMrs.It'sanationofrecyclers—about55%ofDanishgarbagegetsmadeintosomethingnew—andnonuclearpowerplants.It'sanationoftirelessplanners.Trainsrunontime.Thingsoperatewellingeneral.
Suchanationofoverachievers—abrochurefromtheMinistryofBusinessandIndustrysays,“Denmarkisoneoftheworld'scleanestandmostorganizedcountries,withvirtuallynopollution,crime,orpoverty.Denmarkisthemostcorruption-freesocietyintheNorthernHemisphere.”So,ofcourse,one'sheartliftsatanysightingofDanishsleaze:
skinheadgraffitionbuildings(“ForeignersOutofDenmark!
”),brokenbeerbottlesinthegutters,drunkenteenagersslumpedinthepark.
Nonetheless,itisanorderlyland.YoudrivethroughaDanishtown,itcomestoanendatastonewall,andontheothersideisafieldofbarley,anicecleanline:
townhere,countrythere.Itisnotanationofjaywalkers.Peoplestandonthecurbandwaitfortheredlighttochange,evenifit's2a.m.andthere'snotacarinsight.However,Danesdon'tthinkofthemselvesasawaiting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-lightpeople—that'showtheyseeSwedesandGermans.Danesseethemselvesasjazzypeople,improvisers,morefreespiritedthanSwedes,butthetruthis(thoughoneshouldnotsayit)thatDanesareverymuchlikeGermansandSwedes.Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods.YousendyourgoodsbycontainershiptoCopenhagen,andthesebright,young,English-speaking,utterlyhonest,highlydisciplinedpeoplewillgetyourgoodsaroundtoScandinavia,theBalticStates,andRussia.Airports,seaports,highways,andraillinesareultramodernandwell-maintained.
Theorderlinessofthesocietydoesn'tmeanthatDanishlivesarelessmessyorlonelythanyoursormine,andnoDanewouldtellyouso.Youcanhearplentyaboutbitterfamilyfeudsandthesorrowsofalcoholismandaboutperfectlysensiblepeoplewhowentoffonedayandkilledthemselves.Anorderlysocietycannotexemptitsmembersfromthehazardsoflife.
ButthereisasenseofentitlementandsecuritythatDanesgrowupwith.Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn'tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto,you'reasgoodasanyoneelse.Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,thebenefitsyougetifyouloseyourjob,thestepsyoutaketogetanewone;andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis.
16.TheauthorthinksthatDanesadopta________attitudetowardstheircountry.
A.boastfu lB.modest C.deprecating D.mysterious
17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaDanishcharacteristiccitedinthepassage?
A.Fondnessofforeignculture. B.Equalityinsociety. C.Linguistictolerance. D.Persistentplanning.
18.Theauthor'sreactiontothestatementbytheMinistryofBusinessandIndustryis________.
A.disapproving B.approving C.noncommittal D.doubtful
19.Accordingtothepassage,Danishorderliness________.
A.setsthepeopleapartfromGermansandSwedes
B.sparesDanessocialtroublesbesettingotherpeoples
C.isconsideredeconomicallyessentialtothecountry
D.preventsDanesfromacknowledgingexistingtroubles
20.AttheendofthepassagetheauthorstatesallthefollowingEXCEPTthat________.
A.Danesareclearlyinformedoftheirsocialbenefits
B.Danestakeforgrantedwhatisgiventothem
C.theopensystemhelpstotidethecountryover
D.orderlinesshasalleviatedunemployment
文章大意:
丹麦良好的秩序和整洁的环境。
16.【答案B】推断题。
文中首句,DespiteDenmark'smanifestvirtues,DanesnevertalkabouthowproudtheyaretobeDanes,这里的意思是,尽管丹麦有很多优点,但是丹麦人从不夸耀自己的国家,所以应该选择B,即“保持谦虚的态度”。
17.【答案A】细节题。
注意选择不符的那项,可用排除法。
文中第2段第1句,...halfthenationalbudgetgoestowardsmoothingoutlife'sinequalities,也就是说一半的国家预算都用于消除社会的不平等,对应B选项;第2句又提到,...despitealltheEnglishthatDanishabsorbs...olddialectspersistinJutlandthatcanbarelybeunderstoodbyCopenhageners,这是描述丹麦语言的多样性,对应C选项;而这一段的倒数第3句提出,It'sanationoftirelessplanners,对应D选项。
排除这3项,应该选择文中没有提及的A选项。
18.【答案D】推断题。
文中第3段首句提到,丹麦工商部长称丹麦是世界上最干净、最有秩序的国家,没有污染、犯罪、贫穷等。
而紧接着作者描写了“外国人滚出丹麦”的标语,下水道里的碎酒瓶,以及醉倒在公园里的青少年。
这说明作者对工商部长的说法表示怀疑,所以应该选择D。
19.【答案C】细节题。
文中第4段中间部分提到,Orderlinessisamainsellingpoint.Denmarkhasfewnaturalresources,limitedmanufacturingcapability;itsfutureinEuropewillbeasabroker,banker,anddistributorofgoods,这里表明了丹麦的秩序可以促进该国经济的增长,尤其是在代理、银行、配销等领域。
所以应该选择C,即“在经济上十分重要”。
20.【答案D】细节题。
注意选择不符的那项,可用排除法。
末段第3句,Therulesofthewelfaresystemarecleartoeveryone,对应A选项;而前一句,Certainthingsareyoursbyvirtueofcitizenship,andyoushouldn'tfeelbadfortakingwhatyou'reentitledto,这里的意思是“你是(丹麦)公民,那么某些东西就属于你,而你拿了本属于自己的东西无需感觉不安”,对应B选项;最后一句,andtheorderlinessofthesystemmakesitpossibleforthecountrytoweatherhighunemploymentandsocialunrestwithoutasenseofcrisis,这里的意思是“体系的秩序性使丹麦能够经受高失业和社会动荡的考验,而不引发危机感”,对应C选项,即“帮助国家度过难关”。
排除这3项,所以应该选择文中没有提及的D。
TEXTB[2002TEM8]
Cooperativecompetition.Competitivecooperation.Confused?
Airlineallianceshavetravellersscratchingtheirheadsoverwhat'sgoingonintheskies.Somefolksviewalliancesasablessingtotravellers,offeringseamlesstravel,reducedfaresandenhancedfrequent-flyerbenefits.Othersseeaconspiracyofbigbusinesses,causingdecreasedcompetition,increasedfaresandfewerchoices.Whateveryouropinion,there'snoescapingairlinealliances:
themarketinghypeisunrelenting,witheachofthetwomega-groupings,OneworldandStarAlliance,promotingitselfasthebestchoiceforalltravellers.And,evenifyouturnawayfromtheirads,chancesaretheywillfigureinanyofyourtravelplans.Bytheendoftheyear,OneworldandStarAlliancewillbetweenthemcontrolmorethan40%ofthetrafficinthesky.Somepunditspredictthatfigurewillbemorelike75%in10years
Butwhy,afteryearsofoftenferociouscompetition,haveairlinesdecidedtobandtogether?
Let'sjustsaythetimingismutuallyconvenient.NorthAmericanairlines,havingexhaustedallmeansofearningcustomerloyaltyathome,havebeenlookingforwaystoreachouttoforeignflyers.Asiancarriersarestillhurtingfromtheregion-wideeconomicdownturnthatbegantwoyearsago—justwhensomeoftheairlinesweretakingdeliveryofnewaircraft.Alliancesalsoallowcarrierstocutcostsandincreaseprofitsbypoolingmanpowerresourcesontheground(ratherthaneachairlinemaintainingitsowngroundcrew)andcode-sharing—thepracticeoftwopartnerssellingticketsandoperatingonlyoneaircraft."
Soalliancesareterrificforairlines—butaretheygoodforthepassenger?
Absolutely,saytheairlines:
thinkofthelounges,thejointFFP(frequentflyerprogramme)benefits,theround-the-worldfares,andtheglobalservicenetworks.Thenthere'sthepromiseof“seamless”travel:
theabilityto,say,travelfromSingaporetoRometoNewYorktoRiodeJaneiro,allononeticket,withouthavingtowaithoursforconnectionsorworryaboutyourbags.Soundsutopian?
PeterBuecking,CathayPacific'sdirectorofsalesandmarketing,thinksthatseamlesstravelisstillevolving.“It'sfairtosaythattheselinksareonlyintheirinfancy.Thekeytoseamlessnessrestsininfrastructureandinformationsharing.We'reworkingonthis.”HenryMa,spokespersonforStarAllianceinHongKong,listssomeoftheotherbenefitsforconsumers:
“Globaltravellershaveaneasiertimemakingconnectionsandplanningtheiritineraries.”Maclaimsalliancesalsoassurepassengersconsistentservicestandards.
Criticsofalliancessaythemuch-toutedbenefitstotheconsumeraremostlypieintheskythatalliancesareallaboutreducingcostsfortheairlines,rationalizingservicesandrunningjointmarketingprogrammes.JeffBlyskal,associateeditorofConsumerReportsmagazine,saysthepromotionalballyhoooveralliancesismuchadoaboutnothing.“Idon'tseemuchofagainforconsumers:
alliancesarejustamarketinggimmick.Andasfarasseamlesstravelgoes,I'llbelieveitwhenIseeit.Mostairlinescan'tevengettheirownconnectionsundercontrol,letalonecoordinatewithanotherairline.”
Blyskalbelievesallianceswillultimatelyresultindecreasedflightchoicesandincreasedcostsforconsumers.
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