学年高中英语 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia Section Ⅰ Introduction.docx
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学年高中英语 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia Section Ⅰ Introduction.docx
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学年高中英语Module4SandstormsinAsiaSectionⅠIntroduction
Module4SandstormsinAsiaSectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingPre-reading
InApril2012,aduststormthatoriginatedinChinaandMongoliatookasixdayjourneyacrossmorethantenthousandkilometersofseaandopenlandtoArizonaintheUnitedStates.Thecloudwassodensethatitseemedasifthesunweresettingearly.Atleastonepersonthoughtavolcanohaderupted.
Althoughtravelingduststormsarenothingnew,thedustnowoftencontainschemicalormetallicsubstancesthatcontributetorespiratoryillnesses(呼吸道疾病)anddamagetheenvironment.Atpresent,agroupofresearchersinAsiaisstudyingaerosolparticlesandtheireffectsontheenvironment—andtheyhaveplentyofdusttoworkwith.
Duststormsareoneoftherepercussions(后果)ofhumansmessingaroundwithMotherNature.Althoughtheyareanaturalphenomenon,duststormshavebeenoccurringmoreoften,atshorterintervals,andwithgreaterforceinrecentyears,andhumanactivityisthecause.
Itisafactthatexcessiveherdingofanimalsandexploitationofgrasslandsareresponsibleforthemajorityofduststorms.Thismeansthatduststormsarelargelyaresultofhumanactions;inotherwords,theyarecontrollable.
Section_Ⅰ
Introduction&Reading—Prereading
Sandstorms①inAsia
Sandstormshavebeenamajor②disasterformanyAsiancountriesforcenturies.ScientistshavetriedmanywaystosolvethisproblemandinChina,amass③campaign④hasbeenstartedtohelpsolveit.
Sandstormsarestrong,drywindsthatcarrysand⑤.Theyareoftensothickthatyoucannotseethesun⑥,andthewindissometimesstrongenoughtomovesanddunes⑦.Thefourmainplacesintheworldwheretherearesandstorms⑧areCentralAsia,NorthAmerica,CentralAfricaandAustralia.RenJianbo,fromInnerMongoliadescribedaterriblesandstormheexperienced⑨asachildinthedesert.“Tohavebeencaughtinasandstorm⑩wasaterribleexperience,”hesaid.“Therewasnothingtobedone⑪.ItwasthemostfrighteningandthemostdangeroussituationI’veeverbeenin⑫.Youjusthadtohopeyou’dsurvive.IthoughtIwasgoingtodisappearunderthesand.”
①sandstorm/'sændˌstɔːm/n.沙尘暴
②major/'meIdʒə/adj.主要的;多数的
③mass/mæs/adj.大量的;大规模的
④campaign/kæm'peIn/n.战役;活动
⑤thatcarrysand是定语从句,修饰winds,that在从句中作主语。
⑥so...that...“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。
⑦dune/djuːn/n.沙丘
⑧wheretherearesandstorms是定语从句,修饰thefourmainplaces,where在从句中作地点状语。
⑨heexperienced是定语从句,修饰sandstorm,从句中省略了作宾语的关系代词which或that。
⑩动词不定式的完成式tohavebeencaughtinasandstorm作主语。
⑪Therewasnothingtobedone.“一点儿办法也没有/什么也干不了”。
⑫I'veeverbeenin是定语从句,修饰situation。
引导词that或which作介词in的宾语,所以省略了。
亚洲的沙尘暴
[第1~2段译文]
几百年以来,沙尘暴一直是许多亚洲国家面临的一个主要灾难。
科学家们已尝试过许多方法解决这个问题,在中国,一场大规模的帮助解决沙尘暴问题的运动已经开始了。
沙尘暴是夹带沙尘的强烈而干燥的风。
沙尘暴常常很浓密,以至于遮住了太阳,有时风力大的足以移动沙丘。
世界上沙尘暴发生的四个主要地区是中亚、北美、中非和澳大利亚。
来自内蒙古的任建波是这样来描述他小时候在沙漠中遭遇的一次可怕的沙尘暴的:
“遭遇沙尘暴是一种可怕的经历。
”他说:
“你一点儿办法也没有。
那是我遭遇过的最可怕、最危险的境况。
你只能希望自己会活下来。
那时候我以为我要被沙子淹没了。
”
NorthwestChinaispartofthesandstormcentreinCentralAsia.Sandstormsbeginindesertareas.SandstormsinChinaappear⑬tohaveincreasedinrecentyearsasaresultof“desertification⑭”.Thisisaprocess⑮thathappenswhenlandbecomesdesertbecauseofclimatechangesandbecausepeoplecutdown⑯treesanddigup⑰grass.
SandstormssometimesaffectBeijing.Citizens⑱wakeupto⑲anorangeskyandstrongwinds⑳thatcoverthecityinathick,brownyellowdust.Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.,⑬appearlinkv.看上去;似乎,此处运用了appeartodo的完成式,表动作的完成。
⑭desertification/deˌzɜːtifi’keIʃn/n.(土地的)沙漠化
⑮process/’prəʊses/n.进程;过程
intheprocessof(doing)sth.在(做)某事过程中
⑯cutdown砍倒 ⑰digup掘出,挖到
⑱citizen/’sItIzn/n.公民;市民
⑲wakeupto意识到;认识到
⑳定语从句thatcoverthecity...修饰winds,that在从句中作主语。
dust/dʌst/n.沙尘;灰尘
makesitdifficulttosee中,it是形式宾语。
此处是“make+形式宾语+宾补+真正的宾语”句式。
[第3~4段译文]
中国的西北地区是中亚沙尘暴中心的一部分。
沙尘暴发源于沙漠地区。
“沙漠化”导致的沙尘暴近几年在中国似乎有所增加。
这是一个由于气候变化和人类砍伐树木、铲除草皮而使陆地变成沙漠的过程。
沙尘暴有时候会影响北京。
居民醒来时,看到昏黄的天空,狂风夹着厚厚的黄褐色灰尘在城里肆虐。
沙尘暴有时持续一整天,车辆开得很慢,因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。
TheChineseCentralWeatherStationcanforecastasandstormsomeweeksbeforeitarrivesinBeijing,butthestrengthofthestormsometimessurprisespeople.Whenasandstormarrivesinthecity,weatherexpertsadvisepeoplenottogoout.HuangXiaomei,wholivesinBeijingsays,“Tobecyclinginasandstormisfrightening.Thewindsareverystrong.It’sdifficulttobreatheandthedustmakesmeill.Soifyouwanttogoout,you’dbetterwearamask.”
Thedesertisonly250kilometresawaytothewestofBeijing.Topreventitcomingnearer,thegovernmentisplantingtrees.Alreadythegovernmenthasplantedmorethan30billiontreesandplanstocontinueplantingforthenextfiveyears.
forecast/'fɔːkɑːst/vt.预报;预告
其过去式、过去分词为forecast,forecast或forecasted,forecasted。
strength/streŋθ/n.力量;力气
advisesb.(not)todosth.建议某人(不)做某事
cycle/'saIkl/vi.骑自行车
动词不定式的进行式tobecyclinginasandstorm作主语,此时谓语动词用单数形式。
breathev.呼吸 breathn.呼吸 mask/mɑːsk/n.面罩
topreventitcomingnearer作目的状语。
其中运用了preventsb./sth.(from)doingsth.结构,表示“阻止某人/某物做某事”,from可以省略。
continuedoingsth.与continuetodosth.用法基本相同,表示“继续做某事”。
[第5~6段译文]
中国中央气象站能在沙尘暴到达北京前几周预报沙尘暴,但沙尘暴的力量有时很惊人。
当沙尘暴到达这个城市时,气象专家建议人们不要外出。
家住北京的黄小梅说:
“在沙尘暴中骑自行车真可怕。
风力很强,呼吸困难,沙尘使我很难受。
因此,如果你想外出的话,你最好戴个口罩。
”
沙漠离北京西部只有250千米远。
为阻止沙漠的逼近,政府正在植树。
政府已经种植了300多亿棵树,并准备在未来的5年里继续种植。
Prereading
Pleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.
1.frightening A.vi.抱怨
2.campaignB.n.力量;力气
3.processC.adj.吓人的;可怕的
4.forecastD.n.战役;活动
5.strengthE.n.进程
6.atmosphereF.vt.预报;预告
7.environmentG.n.大气;大气层
8.pollutionH.n.环境
9.concernedI.adj.紧急的
10.evidenceJ.adj.主要的;多数的
11.majorK.n.污染
12.urgentL.adj.关心的;担心的
13.complainM.n.根据;证明
1~5________ 6~10________ 11~13________
答案:
1~5 CDEFB 6~10 GHKLM 11~13 JIA
Leadin
1.Lookatthepicturesandanswerthefollowingquestions.
Whatishappening?
Whatarethepeoplewearingandwhy?
Whatdoyouadvisepeopletodointhissituation?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:
Thereisasandstormblowing.Peoplearewearinghoods(风帽),masksandglassestoprotectthemselves.Iadvisethatthey’dbetterstayathome.
2.Whatarethecausesofsandstorms?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:
(1)desertification(沙漠化);
(2)climatechanges;
(3)cuttingdowntreesanddiggingupgrass;
(4)improperuseofland;
(5)hightemperatureandlittlerain;
(6)thedestructionofenvironment;
(7)thegrowingpopulationoftheworld...
Whilereading
Fastreading
Readthetextquicklyandmatchthemainideawitheachparagraph.
1.Para.1 A.SandstormssometimesaffectBeijing.
2.Para.2B.Sandstormsdoalotofdamagetopeople.
3.Para.3C.Thegovernmentplantstreestoprevent
sandstorms.
4.Para.4D.SandstormshavebeenamajordisasterformanyAsiancountriesforcenturies.
5.Para.5E.SandstormsinAsia.
6.Para.6F.SandstormsinChinaappeartohaveincreasedasaresultofdesertification.
1~6________________
答案:
1~6 DEFABC
Carefulreading
Readthetextagainandchoosethebestanswers.
1.Whatisthebestdescriptionaboutasandstormaccordingtothetext?
A.ItisamajordisasterformanyAsiancountriesforcenturies.
B.Itisastrongwindcarryingsand.
C.Itisawaytocauselandtobecomedesert.
D.Itisakindofnaturaldisasterthatcan’tbedealtwith.
2.WhatisthemainreasonfortheincreaseofsandstormsinChinarecently?
A.Beingclosetomanydeserts.
B.TheworseningoftheweatherinChina.
C.Desertification.
D.Peoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.
3.Whateffectsaresandstormsbringingtopeoplelivingincities?
A.Thewholecityisusuallycoveredbythickandbrownyellowdust.
B.Trafficmovesveryslowly.
C.Peoplecan’tbreathewellandthedustmakesthemill.
D.Alltheabove.
4.Whatisthebestwaytoavoidtheeffectsofthesandstorm?
A.Tolivefarawayfromdeserts.
B.Tostayathomewhenasandstormhappens.
C.Towearamaskifyouwanttogoout.
D.Toplantmoretrees.
答案:
1~4 BCDD
Studyreading
Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.
1.Thisisaprocessthathappenswhenlandbecomesdesertbecauseofclimatechangesandbecausepeoplecutdowntreesanddigupgrass.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 这(沙漠化)是一个由于气候变化和人类砍伐树木、铲除草皮而使陆地变成沙漠的过程。
2.Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 沙尘暴有时持续一整天,车辆开得很慢,因为浓浓的尘埃降低了能见度。
3.TheChineseCentralWeatherStationcanforecastasandstormsomeweeksbeforeitarrivesinBeijing,butthestrengthofthestormsometimessurprisespeople.
[句式分析]
[尝试翻译] 中国中央气象站能在沙尘暴到达北京前几周预报沙尘暴,但沙尘暴的力量有时很惊人。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Asmostpeopleknow,inthepastfewyears,sandstormshavesweptacrossmanycitiesandareasofNorthChina,pollutingtheairanddisturbingdailylivesofhumanbeings.Peoplelookdirtyandsuffermanykindsofillnesses,suchasbreathdifficulty.ThesandstormissuchaseriousproblemthatithasnotonlyunderminedtheindustrialandagriculturaldevelopmentofourcountrybutalsocausedalotoftroubletothelivingconditionsoftheChinesepeople.Itisexpectedthateffective(有效的)measuresshouldbetakenassoonaspossiblethroughourjointeffortstolimititsoccurrence.
Sowhatshouldwedowiththefrighteningsandstorms?
Someexpertsputforwardpracticalsuggestionsasfollows:
Foronething,morefunds(基金)oughttobeputintotreeplantingandforestprotectionsoastokeepmorewaterresourceswithinthesurfaceofthee
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