朗文听说教程2听力原文.docx
- 文档编号:11552367
- 上传时间:2023-03-19
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:21
- 大小:41.25KB
朗文听说教程2听力原文.docx
《朗文听说教程2听力原文.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《朗文听说教程2听力原文.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
朗文听说教程2听力原文
Unit1What’sinaName?
TEACHER:
Goodmorning,everybody.Goodmorning,Felipe,Monica,Theo,...andIcan’trememberyourname.
STUDENT1:
Patricia.
TEACHER:
Right,Patricia.Thoseareallbeautifulnames,andthat’sourtopictoday—names.Namesareaculturaluniversal.Thismeanseveryoneusesnames.Aperson’snamecantellusabitaboutaperson’sfamily.Today,we’llbeginbylookingatfirstnamesandhowpeoplechoosenamesfortheirchildren.Andthenwe’lltalkaboutfamilynames,andlookatthedifferentcategoriesoffamilynames.AlthoughthescopeofthelecturetodayisEnglish-languagenames,wecanusethesameapproach,youknow,tolookatnamesfromanyculture.Let’stakeabrieflookatfirst,orgiven,names.Thereareseveralwaysparentschoosethefirstnamefortheirchild.Thefirstwayisbyfamilyhistory.Parentsmaychooseanamebecauseitispassedfromgenerationtogeneration;forexample,thefirstbornsonmightbenamedafterhisfatherorgrandfather.Althoughfamilynamesarealsopassedtodaughters,itisusuallyasamiddlename.Adding“junior”or“thesecond”—forexample,WilliamParkerthesecond—isonlydonewithboys’,notwithgirls’names.Thesecondwayparentschooseanameisafterafamilymemberorfriendwhohasdiedrecently,oraftersomeonetheyadmire,likeawell-knownleaderorafamousmusician.AlthoughmostEnglishfirstnamesmeansomething,forexample,“Richard”meanspowerfuland“Ann”meansgrace,nowadaysmeaningisnotthemainreasonpeopleselecttheirbaby’sname.Thethirdwayistoprovidea“push”forthechild.Parentswanttochooseanamethatsoundsvery“successful.”Astrongnamemighthelptheminthebusinessworld,forexample.Ortheymightchooseanamethatworksforeithergender,likeTaylororTerry.So,giventhesethreemethods,whatisthemostcommonwayparentschooseaname?
Manyparentschooseanamesimplybecausetheylikeit,orbecauseit’sfashionableorclassic.Fashionsinnameschangejustastheydoinclothes.Onehundredyearsago,manynamescamefromtheBible—namessuchasDaniel,andAnna,andHannahandMatthew.Then,fiftyyearsago,Biblicalnameswentoutoffashion.Nowadays,namesfromtheBiblearebecomingpopularagain.Similarly,parentsoftenchooseclassicnames,namesthatwerepopularin1900,1950,andarestillpopularnow.ClassicnamesforboysincludeThomas,David,Robert,andMichael.Andforgirls:
Anna,Elizabeth,Emily,andKatherine,justtonameafew.They’reclassic.Theynevergooutofstyle.Let’slookattheoriginoflastnames,alsocalledfamilynamesorsurnames.Researchershavestudiedthousandsoflastnames,andthey’vedividedthemintofourcategories.Thecategoriesare:
placenames,patronymics,addednames,andoccupationalnames.Arecentsurveyshowedthatofthe7,000mostpopularnamesintheUnitedStatestoday,43percentwereplacenames,32percentwerepatronymics,15percentwereoccupationalnames,and9percentwereaddednames.
Thefirstcategoryisplacenames.Placenamesusuallyidentifiedwhereapersonlivedorworked.SomeonenamedJohnHilllivednearahill,forexample,andtheRiversfamilylivednearariver.IfyouhearthenameEmmaBridges,...whatimagedoyousee?
Doyouseeafamilythatlivesnearabridge?
Ifyoudo,yougettheidea.
Thesecondcategoryispatronymics.That’sP-A-T-R-O-N-Y-M-I-C-S.Apatronymicisthefather’sname,plusanendinglikeS-E-NorS-O-N.Theendingmeansthatachild,aboy,isthesonofhisfather.ThenamesRobertson,Petersen,andWilsonarepatronymics.RobertsonissonofRobert,PetersenissonofPeter,andsoon.
Thethirdcategoryisaddednames.Linguistssometimescallthiscategory“nicknames,”butwhenmostofusheartheword“nickname,”wethinkofaspecialnameafriendoraparentmightuse.Theword“nickname”isactuallyanoldEnglishwordthatmeansanadditionalname,anaddedname.SoI’llusetheterm“addedname.”Thiscategoryoflastnamesisfunbecausethenamesusuallydescribedaperson.Reed,Baldwin,andBiggsareexamples.Reedwasfrom“red”forredhair.Baldwinwassomeonewhowasbald,someonewhohadlittleornohair.AndBiggs?
STUDENT2:
Someonebig?
TEACHER:
Yeah,someonebig,right.Now,ifwelookaroundtheroom,wecouldprobablycomeupwithsomenewlastnames,like,uh,CurlyorStrong.
Now,thefourthcategoryisoccupationalnames.Theoriginofthefamilynamewasthe
person’soccupation.ThemostcommonexamplesofoccupationalnamesstillusedtodayareBaker(someonewhobakesbread),Tailor(someonewhosewsclothes),Miller(someonewhomakesflourforbread),andSmith....Now,SmithisactuallythemostcommonnameinthewesternEnglish-speakingworld.ThenamecomesfromanOldEnglishword,smite,that’sS-M-I-T-E,whichmeanstohitorstrike.Intheolddays,asmithmademetalthingsfordailylife,liketools.Everytownneededsmiths.What’sinterestingisthatmanylanguageshaveafamilynamethatmeansSmith.InArabicit’sHaddad,H-A-D-D-A-D.InSpanishit’sHerrera,H-E-R-R-E-R-A.InItalianit’sFerraro,F-E-R-R-A-R-O.AndinGermanit’sSchmidt,spelledS-C-H-M-I-D-T.Allthesenamesmeansmith.Thoughnamesmaytellussomethingaboutsomeone’sfamilyhistory,youneedtokeepinmindthattheymaynottellusmuchatallaboutthepresent.Forexample,there’susuallynotmuchconnectionbetweentheoriginofthenameandthepersonwhohasitnow.TakethenameCook,forinstance.ApersonnamedCooktodayprobablydoesn’tcookforaliving.Also,manypeoplechangetheirnamesforvariousreasons.
LotsofpeoplewhohavemovedtotheUnitedStateshavechangedtheirnamestosoundmoreAmerican.Thishappenslessnowthaninthepast,butpeoplestilldoit.Peoplealsousepennamesorstagenamestogivethemselvesaprofessionaladvantage.Forexample,thewriterSamuelClemensusedthepennameMarkTwain,andThomasMapotherIVusesthestagenameTomCruise.So,let’srecapnow.Intoday’slesson,welookedathowparentschooseEnglishfirstnames.Wealsolookedatsomecommonoriginsoffamilynames.Inthenextclass,we’lllookathownamesaregiveninKoreaandinJapan.Thisiscoveredinthenextsectionofthebook.That’sallfortoday.
Unit2English:
agloballanguage
Today'stopicisEnglishasagloballanguage.IknowmanyofyouwhospeakEnglishasasecondlanguage,right?
Howaboutyou,H~?
IsEnglishyourfirstlanguage?
H:
No.MyfirstlanguageisJapnese.Englishismysecondlanguage.
Andhowaboutyou,P~?
P:
Englishismysecondlanguage,too.MyfirstlanguageisSpanish.
See,manyofyouuseEnglishasasecondlanguage,evenasagloballanguagetocommunicatewithotherpeoplewhospeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.
TodayIwanttogiveyoutwocantrastingpointsofviewonwhetherornotEnglishisagloballanguage.FirstisthatEnglishisobviousaglaballanguage,peoplewhosupportthispointofviewbelieveEnglishisthelanguageofpeopleallovertheworldusedtocommunicate,andthatitisgraduallyreplacingotherlanguages.ThesecondpointofviewisthatEnglishisnottruelyagloballanguagebecauseitisnotthemainlanguagespokenbymostpeoplewordwide.SuportersofthisviewsaythateventhoughmanypeoplespeaksomeEnglishworldwide,Englishhasnotreplacedotherlanguages.TheyackonwledgethatpeopleuseEnglisheverydayformanyreasons,butthisdoesn'tmeanEnglishisreplacingotherlanguages,notmakeEnglishthemainlanguagespokenintheworld.
First,let'sexamthefirstview.Firstofall,Englishisthedominatedlanguageofbusiness,travelandsciences.Whenpeopleneedacommonlanguage,theyoftenuseEnglish.Thinkaboutit,Englishisoftenusedthattouriestimformationsetters,ininternationalhotels,atairports.IfyouuseataxiinRome,andyoucan'tspeakItalian,thetaxidriverismorelikelytouseEnglishthananyotherlanguages.Itisusedatbusinessmeetingsandinternationalsportsevents.TheEuropeanUnionusesEnglishalongwithFrenchatitsmeetings.ACN,theAsianTradeGroup,usesEnglishatitsmeetings.CanyouthinkofothersituationinwhichEnglishisusedasacommonlanguage?
P:
Howaboutthisclass?
AllofusarelisteningtoyouinEnglish.
Absolutely,educationalsettingsagreatexample.Anyothers?
P:
Howaboutthechatroomontheinternet?
Isometimesgotochatroom,seemseveryoneusesEnglish.
Excellentexample!
TheinternethascreatalotofinternationalcommunitiesandpeopleoftenuseEnglish.Infact,mostpeoplewhousetheinternetknowEnglish.ThishelpstosupporttheviewEnglishisagloballanguage.
ThesecondmajorreasonthatpeoplebelieveEnglishisagloballanguageisthatitistheofficallanguageofmorethan75countries.ThismeansthesecountriesuseEnglishinschools,banks,businessandgovenment.Ofthese75countries,EnglishmaybetheonlyofficallanguageofthecountrylikeinEngland,orEnglishmaybeusedalongwithotherofficallanguages,likeinFilipine,SingaporeandIndia.IncountrylikeinIndia,wheresomanylanguageswerespoken,youcanseehowusingEnglishasanofficallanguagemakeiteasierforpeopletocommunicate.
Thethirdreasontosupporttheglobalarguementisthateveryyearabout1billionpeoplestudyEnglish.Why?
Whyaresomeofthereasons?
P~,howaboutyou?
P:
Well,nowtostudy,andsomeday,Iwanttobeintheinternationalbusiness.
That'sasolidreason,Howaboutyou?
A~?
A:
I'mnotreallysure.Ijustthinkitwillhelpmeinthefuturesomehow.
OK.Thereismoregeneralreason.ThepointispeoplewantandneedtolearnEnglishbecauseitoffersthemopportunities.Tosumup,Englishisusedeverydaybymanypeople.Peopleallovertheworldcomingcontactwitheachotherformanyr
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 听说 教程 听力 原文