被动态.docx
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被动态.docx
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被动态
被动语态
语态也是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。
英语有两种语态:
一、主动语态(activevoice)
二、被动语态(passivevoice)。
主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成,如果有必要强调动作的执行者,动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。
助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
A.十种常见时态的被动语态
1.一般现在时
主动语态:
do
被动语态:
am/is/aredone
Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.我们每天打扫教室。
Theclassroomiscleanedbyuseveryday.教室每天都由我们打扫。
Suchsongsareusuallysungbygirls.这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。
Russianisnottaughtinourschool.我们学校不教俄语。
Aremanygoodsshippedabroadeveryday每天都有许多货物运往国外吗
2.一般过去时
主动语态:
did
被动语态:
was/weredone
Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。
Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。
Thewindowwasbrokenbymyson.窗子是我儿子打破的。
Weremanytreesplantedonthehillyesterday昨天山上种了许多树吗?
Howmuchmoneywasstoleninall一共被偷了多少钱?
动词的过去式和过去分词不规则变化表
1.AAA
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
cost[kɔst]
cost[kɔst]
cost[kɔst]
花费
cut[kʌt]
cut[kʌt]
cut[kʌt]
割,切
hurt[hə:
t]
hurt[hə:
t]
hurt[hə:
t]
受伤
hit[hit]
hit[hit]
hit[hit]
打,撞
let[let]
let[let]
let[let]
让
put[put]
put[put]
put[put]
放下
read[ri:
d]
read[ri:
d]
read[ri:
d]
读
set[set]
set[set]
set[set]
安排,安置
spread[spred]
spread[spred]
spread[spred]
展开,传播,涂
spit[spit]
spit/spat[spit]
spit/spat[spit]
吐痰,
shut[ʃʌt]
shut[ʃʌt]
shut[ʃʌt]
关上,闭起,停止营业
2.AAB
动词原形过去式过去分词 beat[bi:
t]beat[bi:
t]beaten['bi:
tn]打败
3.ABA
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
become[bi'kʌm]
became[bi'keim]
become[bi'kʌm]
变
come[kʌm]
came[keim]
come[kʌm]
来
run[rʌn]
ran[ræn]
run[rʌn]
跑
4.ABB
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
burn[bə:
n]
burnt[bə:
nt]
burnt[bə:
nt]
燃烧
deal[di:
l]
dealt[delt]
dealt[delt]
解决
dream[dri:
m]
dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt[dremt]
做梦
hear[hiə]
heard[hə:
d]
heard[hə:
d]
听见
hang['hæŋ]
hanged/hung[hʌŋ]
hanged/hung
绞死,悬挂
learn[lə:
n]
learned/learnt[lə:
nt]
learned/learnt[lə:
nt]
学习
light['lait]
lit/lighted[lit]
lit/lighted[lit]
点燃,照亮
mean[mi:
n]
meant[ment]
meant[ment]
意思
prove[pru:
v]
proved
proven/proved['pru:
vən]
证明,证实,试验
shine[ʃain]
shone/shined
shone/shined[ʃəun,ʃɔn]
使照耀,使发光
show[ʃəu]
showed
showed/shown['ʃəun]
展示,给...看
smell[smel]
smelled/smelt[smelt]
smelled/smelt[smelt]
闻,嗅
speed[spi:
d]
sped[sped]/speeded
sped/speeded[sped]
加速
spell[spel]
spelled/spelt[spelt]
spelled/spelt[spelt]
拼写
wake[weik]
waked/woke[wəuk]
waked/woken['wəukən]
醒来,叫醒,激发
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
build[bild]
built[bilt]
built[bilt]
建筑
lend[lend]
lent[lent]
lent[lent]
借给
rebuild[,ri:
'bild]
rebuilt[,ri:
'bilt]
rebuilt[,ri:
'bilt]
改建,重建
send[send]
sent[sent]
sent[sent]
送
spend[spend]
spent[spent]
spent[spent]
花费
(3)原形→ought→ought
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
bring[briŋ]
brought[brɔ:
t]
brought[brɔ:
t]
带来
buy[bai]
bought[bɔ:
t]
bought[bɔ:
t]
买
fight[fait]
fought[fɔ:
t]
fought[fɔ:
t]
打架
think[θiŋk]
thought[θɔ:
t]
thought[θɔ:
t]
思考,想
(4)原形→aught→aught
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
catch[kætʃ]
caught[kɔ:
t]
caught[kɔ:
t]
捉,抓
teach[ti:
tʃ]
taught[tɔ:
t]
taught[tɔ:
t]
教
(5)变其中一个元音字母
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
dig[diɡ]
dug[dʌɡ]
dug[dʌɡ]
掘(土),挖(洞、沟等)
feed[fi:
d]
fed[fed]
fed[fed]
喂
find[faind]
found
found
发现,找到
get[ɡet]
got[ɡɔt]
got/gotten['ɡɔtən]
得到
hold[həuld]
held[held]
held[held]
拥有,握住,支持
lead[li:
d]
led[led]
led[led]
引导,带领,领导
meet[mi:
t]
met[met]
met[met]
遇见
sit[sit]
sat[sæt]
sat[sæt]
坐
shoot[ʃu:
t]
shot[ʃɔt]
shot[ʃɔt]
射击
spit[spit]
spit/spat[spæt]
spit/spat[spæt]
吐痰,
stick[stik]
stuck[stʌk]
stuck[stʌk]
插进,刺入,粘住,
win[win]
won[wʌn]
won[wʌn]
赢
(6)原形→lt/pt/ft
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
feel['fi:
l]
felt[felt]
felt[felt]
感到
keep[ki:
p]
kept[kept]
kept[kept]
保持
leave[li:
v]
left[left]
left[left]
离开
sleep[sli:
p]
slept[slept]
slept[slept]
睡觉
sweep[swi:
p]
swept[swept]
swept[swept]
扫
(7)其它
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
lay[lei]
laid[leid]
laid[leid]
下蛋,放置
pay[pei]
paid[peid]
paid[peid]
付
say[sei]
said[sed]
said[sed]
说
stand[stænd]
stood[stud]
stood[stud]
站
understand
understood[,ʌndə'stænd]
understood[,ʌndə'stænd]
明白
lose[lu:
z]
lost[lɔst,lɔ:
st]
lost[lɔst,lɔ:
st]
失去
have[həv]
had[hæd,həd,əd]
had[hæd,həd,əd]
有
make[meik]
made[meid]
made[meid]
制造
sell[sel]
sold[səuld]
sold[səuld]
卖
tell[tel]
told[təuld]
told[təuld]
告诉
retell[,ri:
'tel]
retold[,ri:
'təuld]
retold[,ri:
'təuld]
重讲,重复,复述
5.ABC
(1)原形→过去式→原形+(e)n
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
blow[bləu]
blew[blu:
]
blown
吹
drive[draiv]
drove[drəuv]
driven[drivən]
驾驶
draw[drɔ:
]
drew[dru:
]
drawn[drɔ:
n]
画画
eat[i:
t]
ate[et,eit]
eaten['i:
tən]
吃
fall[fɔ:
l]
Fell[fel]
fallen['fɔ:
lən]
落下
give[ɡiv]
gave[ɡeiv]
given['ɡivən]
给
grow[ɡrəu]
grew[ɡru:
]
grown[ɡrəun]
生长
forgive[fə'ɡiv]
forgot[fə'ɡɔt]
forgiven
原谅,饶恕
know[nəu]
knew[nju:
nu:
]
known
知道
mistake[mi'steik]
mistook[mi'stuk]
mistooken
弄错;误解,
overeat['əuvə'i:
t]
overate[,əuvə'reit]
overeaten
(使)吃过量
prove[pru:
v]
proved
proven/proved
证明,证实,试验
take[teik]
took[tuk]
taken['teikn,'teikən]
拿
throw[θrəu]
threw[θru:
]
thrown[θrəun,'θrəun]
抛,扔
ride[raid]
rode[rəud]
ridden['ridən]
骑
see[si:
]
saw[sɔ:
]
seen[si:
n]
看见
show[ʃəu]
showed
showed/shown['ʃəun]
展示
write[rait]
wrote[rəut]
written['ritən]
写
(2)原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
break[breik]
broke[brəuk]
broken['brəukən]
打破
choose[tʃu:
z]
chose[tʃəuz]
chosen['tʃəuzən]
选择
get[ɡet]
got[ɡɔt]
got/gotten['ɡɔtən]
得到
hide[haid]
hid[hid]
hidden['hidən]
隐藏
forget[fə'ɡet]
forgot[fə'ɡɔt]
forgotten[fə'ɡɔtn]
忘记
freeze[fri:
z]
froze[frəuz]
frozen['frəuzn]
冷冻,结冰,感到严寒
speak[spi:
k]
spoke[spəuk]
spoken['spəukən]
说
steal[sti:
l]
stole
stolen['stəulən]
偷
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。
[i→a→u]
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
begin[bi'ɡin]
began[bi'ɡæn]
begun[bi'ɡʌn]
开始
drink[driŋk]
drank[dræŋk]
drunk[drʌŋk]
喝
sing[siŋ]
sang[sæŋ]
sung[sʌŋ]
唱
sink[siŋk]
sank[sæŋk]
sunk[sʌŋk]
下沉,沉没
swim[swim]
swam[swæm]
swum[swʌm]
游泳
ring[riŋ]
rang[ræŋ]
rung[rʌŋ]
打电话
(4)其它
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
be(am,is,are)
was/were
been
是
bear[bεə]
bore[bɔ:
]
born/borne[bɔ:
n]
负担,忍受
do[du:
du:
]
did[did]
done[dʌn]
做
fly[flai]
flew[flu:
]
flown[fləun]
飞
go[ɡəu]
went[went]
gone[ɡɔn]
去
lie[lai]
lay[lei]
lain[lein]
躺
wear[wεə]
wore[wɔ:
]
worn[wɔ:
n]
穿
3.一般将来时
主动语态:
will/shalldo
被动语态:
will/shallbedone
Wewillcleantheclassroomsoon.我们很快要打扫教室。
Theclassroomwillbecleanedsoon.教室很快要被打扫了。
Theworkwillbedoneimmediately.这工作将马上做。
Willtheschoolsportsmeetingbeheldnextweek?
校运动会将在下星期举行吗?
WhenshallwebegivenalectureontheInternet什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座?
4.一般过去将来时
主动语态:
woulddo
被动语态:
wouldbedone
Wetoldhimthatwewouldcleantheclassroomsoon.我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。
Wetoldhimthattheclassroomwouldbecleanedsoon.我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。
Hesaidthatanewtradecenterwouldbebuiltinthecentreofthecity.他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。
Sheaskedwhethertheirplanwouldbeconsideredwithgreatcare.她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。
Iwasn'ttoldthatIshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.没人告诉我要被邀请出席晚会。
5.现在进行时
主动语态:
am/is/aredoing
被动语态:
am/is/arebeingdone
Wearecleaningtheclassroomnow.我们现在正在打扫教室。
Theclassroomisbeingcleanednow.教室现在正在被打扫。
Ahospitalisbeingbuiltinthecentreofthetown.镇中心正在兴建一家医院。
Arethebabiesbeingtakencareofbythisnurse这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗?
Howisthenewteachingmethodbeingtriedthere那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的?
6.过去进行时
主动语态:
was/weredoing
被动语态:
was/werebeingdone
Wewerecleaningtheclassroomthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。
Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedthistimeyesterday.昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫
Theteachingplanwasbeingdiscussedatthattime.那时正在讨论教学计划。
WastheTVsetbeingfixedthistimeyesterday昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗?
Thehousewasbeingpaintedwhenwearrivedathishome.我们到他家时,他家房子正在粉刷。
一、选择题
1 The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
6Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
7Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
8Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
9Who was the book___?
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
10The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
11Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care
二、改写句子
1.Theymakemachinesinthatfactory.
2.WeweretoldastorybyCrannylastnight.
3.Workersbuildthisbuilding.
4.Kateoftenbreaksglasses.
5.Yesterdayweplayedfootballafterschool.
3、句子填空
1.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改为被动语态)
AnEnglishsong______ ______ _______bythechildren.
2.Myparentsgivemeabirthdaypresenteveryyear.(同义句转换)
Abirthdaypresent_______ _______ _______ _______bymyparentseveryyear.
3.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.(改为被动语态)
Metal________ _________ _______makingmachines.
4.Wecallthegame“Lianliankan”.(改为被动语态)
Thegame_______ ________“Lianliankan”byus.
5..Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.
Thisbook____________________tothelibrary.
6.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.
Hiswatch____________________bymybrother.
7.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.
ANewYearCard__________________herbymelastweek.
8.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.
Silk ____________
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