新课改高一英语人教版必修3unit4Section Ⅳ GrammarWriting精讲精练含答案解析.docx
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新课改高一英语人教版必修3unit4Section Ⅳ GrammarWriting精讲精练含答案解析.docx
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新课改高一英语人教版必修3unit4SectionⅣGrammarWriting精讲精练含答案解析
SectionⅣ Grammar&Writing
名词性从句——主语从句
1.(教材P25)____________itwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.
答案:
What
2.(教材P25)Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclear____________theshapewouldlastornot.
答案:
whether
3.(教材P26)____________isevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.
答案:
What
4.(教材P26)Itwasnotimmediatelyobvious____________waterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.
答案:
that
5.(教材P26)____________manyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.
答案:
What
6.(教材P26)So____________lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
答案:
whether
一、定义
在主从复合句中,充当主语的从句叫主语从句。
Howtheearthcameintoexistenceremainsamysterytous.
地球是如何形成的对我们来说仍然是一个谜。
Itworriedthewomanthathersonwasalwaysplayingcomputergames.
儿子一直在玩电脑游戏,这让这个女人很担心。
二、引导主语从句的连接词
引导主语从句的连接词有三类:
从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。
1.连接词that和whether/if
(1)that在从句中不充当句子成分,也无意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。
Thatshebecameafamousphysicistmadeherparentsveryhappy.
她成为了一名知名物理学家,这令她父母非常高兴。
Thatsmokingisharmfultohealthisknowntoeveryone.
吸烟有害健康,这是大家都知道的。
(2)whether在从句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”,起连接作用,不可省略。
Whetherwegotherebytrainorbyairmakesnodifference.
我们乘火车还是乘飞机去那儿没有什么差别。
Whetherlifeexistsonotherplanetsisnotclear.
其他星球上是否存在生命还不清楚。
2.连接代词引导的主语从句
连接代词引导主语从句,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
常见的连接代词有:
who,whose,whom,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever等。
Whowillbringupthechildhasn’tbeendecidedyet.
谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。
Whichlifestyleisthemostbeneficialtoourhealthisstillunknown.
还不知道哪种生活方式对我们的健康最有利。
Whoeversolvesthepuzzlecanreceivetheaward.
无论谁解开那个谜团都可以得到奖赏。
Whateveryoudoshoulddonoharmtoothers.
无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。
3.连接副词引导的主语从句
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。
连接副词有:
when,where,why,how等。
Whenwewillsetoffhasn’tbeendecided.
我们何时出发还没有决定。
Howheearnedhislivingathistwentiesisnotcleartoanyone.
任何人都不清楚他二十多岁时是如何谋生的。
Whereweshalldothetestisstillunderdiscussion.
我们在什么地方做这个实验还在讨论。
主语从句中连接词的选择技巧:
(1)根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分;
(2)根据连接词在从句中的意义。
三、主语从句与形式主语it
有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句中使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。
常见的用形式主语it引导的主语从句结构有:
1.It+be+形容词(clear,obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,probable,certain,uncertain,fortunate,etc.)+that从句.
Itisclearthatthegirltoldalie.
很明显,那个女孩说了谎。
2.It+be+名词(词组)(apity,nowonder,anhonour,agoodidea,afact,goodnews,ashame,etc.)+that从句.
Itisapitythatyourparentsdidn’tpermityoutogowithus.
你父母不允许你和我们一起去,这很遗憾。
3.It+be+过去分词(said,believed,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,confirmed,etc.)+that从句.
ItisreportedthataviolentearthquakeandtsunamihappenedinJapan.
据报道,日本发生了强震和海啸。
4.It+不及物动词(短语)(seem,turnout,happen,appear,etc.)+that从句.
Ithappenedthathewasoutthatday.
碰巧他那天不在家。
5.It+使令性及物动词(worry,shock,surprise,satisfy,upset,etc.)+sb.+that从句.
Itupsethimalotthathewasnotpermittedtojoinintheholidaycelebration.
不允许他参加假日庆祝活动,这让他很失落。
Itsurprisedmethatthewomanbroughtupthreechildrenonherown.
让我吃惊的是,这个女人独自抚养了三个孩子。
用适当的连接词填空
1.____________DonaldTrumpwaselectedPresidentoftheU.S.A.madesomepeoplesurprised.
答案:
That
2.____________movedmemostdeeplywasthedeeplovebetweentheboyandhisparents.
答案:
What
3.____________ofyoucomesinfirstwillreceiveaprize.
答案:
Whichever
4.____________isknowntousallisthatthetwoChineseastronautshavereturnedsafely.
答案:
What
5.____________hewillattendthegettogetherisunknownnow.
答案:
Whether
6.It’suncertain____________she’llgobackhomethisweekend.
答案:
whether/if
7.____________wantstowintheelectionwillfacelotsofdifficulties.
答案:
Whoever
8.____________thevaluablepaintingswerehiddenisstillamystery.
答案:
Where
9.Itissaid____________hehasdecidedtogotoworkinTibet.
答案:
that
10.Itisashame____________youcanonlyplayvideogamesalldaylong.
答案:
that
单句改错
1.ItisknowntoallisthatBobDylanwonthe2016Nobelprizeforliterature.____________________
答案:
It→What
2.Ifornottheywillfinishthetaskontimedependsonseveralengineers.____________________
答案:
If→Whether
3.Itsurprisedusmostwasthatthefouryearoldgirlcouldspeaksevenlanguages.____________________
答案:
It→What
4.Itisnotclearthatthemanagerwilldotosolvetheproblem.____________________
答案:
that→what
5.Itiswidelyacceptedwhichtheearthisflat.____________________
答案:
which→that
语法与写作
1.地球绕着太阳转是众所周知的事。
__________________________________isknowntoallofus.
答案:
Thattheearthturnsaroundthesun
2.会议将在什么时候举行还未定下来。
____________________________________hasn’tbeendecidedyet.
答案:
Whenthemeetingwillbeheld
3.孩子们真正需要的东西是爱和自由。
__________________________________areloveandfreedom.
答案:
Whatchildrenreallyneed
4.我不太清楚杰克为什么没来参加聚会。
Itwasnotcleartome________________________________________.
答案:
whyJackdidn’tcometoattendtheparty
5.很遗憾,海伦昨晚输掉了那场重要的比赛。
__________________________________Helenlosttheimportantmatchlastnight.
答案:
It’sagreatpitythat
6.你将留在这里还是去青岛我都无所谓。
__________________________________youstayhereorgotoQingdao.
答案:
Itdoesn’tmattertomewhether
7.今年夏天我们将去哪里度假还在讨论中。
______________________________________isstillunderdiscussion.
答案:
Wherewewillgoforourholidaysthissummer
8.人们希望这些措施能帮助改善这里的空气质量。
__________________________thesemeasureswillhelpimprovetheairqualityhere.
答案:
Itishopedthat
单句语法填空
1.____________wewillgosightseeingthisweekenddependsontheweather.
答案:
Whether
2.____________Iwantedtofindoutfirstwashowlongitwouldtaketofinishthetask.
答案:
What
3.____________theywillhavethesportsmeetingisstillaquestion,fortheyhavesomanythingstodo.
答案:
When
4.____________ismoreimportantinlifeistohaveagreatgoalandthedeterminationtoachieveit.
答案:
What
5.____________hefailedintheexamisstillamysteryandhisparentswanttofindoutthereason.
答案:
Why
6.Whenyouareinlovewithaperson,youwillfeel____________youarethehappiestpersonintheworld.
答案:
that
7.It’sexpected____________youwillspreadlovewhereveryougo.
答案:
that
8.I’mnotinterestedin____________youhavetodo;Ijustneedtheresult.
答案:
what
9.It’sknown____________knowledgeistreasureandpracticeisthekeytosuccess.
答案:
that
10.Happinessdoesn’tdependon____________youareorwhatyouhave;itonlydependsonwhatyouthinkofyourlife.
答案:
who
阅读理解
BryanLaubscher,oneoftheworld’sleadingastrophysicists,whostudythephysicsandchemistryofthestars,planets,etc.,isdevelopinganinventioncalledtheMarsElevator.Toformapictureofthis,youmaywanttoimaginethestoryofJackandtheBeanstalk(豆茎).Thisisthestoryofaboywhogrewabeanstalkthatreachedtheheavens.Jackclimbedthestalkandenteredanotherworld.Thespaceelevatorissimilarbutofcoursemuchmorehightechandbetteryet,itisreal!
Astrophysicistsaredesigningasteellikecable(缆绳)thatwillbeconnectedtoaplatform(平台)intheocean.Thiscableisdesignedtobepulledupintospace,whereitwillthenbeconnectedtoaspacestation.Peoplewillbeabletotravelupanddownthiselevatorbytheyear2020.Therewillbeanumberofspaceelevatorssothatbothtouristsandbusinessescantravelintospace.Togetthere,spacetouristswillsimplytraveltothenearestoceanelevatorentrance.Thetripupintospacewilltakeaboutaweek.Whentheyarrive,spacetouristswillbeinsideaspacestationandwillbeabletostaythere.Thereareotheralternatives,__too.Astronomersthinkitwillbeeasytotravelfromthespacestationtothemoon,wherespacetouristscanstayinamoonhotel—whichisnowbeingdesigned.
Thefuturelooksbrightforspacetourists.Italsolooksbrightforindustryandscientists.Miningcompanieswilltraveltospacetomineelements(元素)thatarerareonEarth.Energyscientistswilltraveltospacetosetupspacesolarpanels,whichwillcollectahugeamountofenergyfromthesunandshootitbacktoEarthwherewecanuseittoheatourhomesandmeetourenergyneeds.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了太空梯的相关知识。
1.WhatdoesJackandtheBeanstalkhelpreadersunderstand?
A.Thedifficultyofbuildingspaceelevators.
B.Whatmaterialspaceelevatorswoulduse.
C.Whatspaceelevatorswouldlooklike.
D.Thereasonforinventingspaceelevators.
C 解析:
推理判断题。
根据首段中的Toformapictureofthis,youmaywanttoimaginethestoryofJackandtheBeanstalk(豆茎).可知,作者提到《杰克和魔豆》的故事是为了帮助读者在脑中想象太空梯的样子。
2.Whatcanweinferaboutspaceelevators?
A.They’reacceptingprepaidbookings.
B.They’llbeavailableinthenearfuture.
C.They’remainlyusedforscientificstudy.
D.They’llofferpeopleasevendayroundtrip.
B 解析:
推理判断题。
根据第二段中的Peoplewillbeabletotravelupanddownthiselevatorbytheyear2020.可知,在不久的将来,太空梯就可以投入使用了。
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alternatives”(inPara.2)mean?
A.Advantages. B.Purposes.
C.Entries.D.Choices.
D 解析:
词义猜测题。
根据划线词前的spacetouristswillbeinsideaspacestation和划线词后的spacetouristscanstayinamoonhotel可知,游客到了太空后可以待在空间站或者入住月球宾馆。
因此,这些都是可供选择的。
4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsspaceelevators?
A.Worried.B.Doubtful.
C.Critical.D.Positive.
D 解析:
观点态度题。
作者在末段提到太空梯将给人类生活带来种种益处,由此可知,他对太空梯持肯定和乐观态度。
完形填空
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