高考英语阅读理解综合练习题及详细答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解综合练习题及详细答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解综合练习题及详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Itseemsthatelectronicdevicesjustkeepgettingsmaller.ScientistsintheUnitedStateshaveannouncedthecreationofthefirsttransistorwithonlytwodimensions(二维).
Atransistorisasmallelectronicdevicethattransfersorcarrieselectroniccurrent.Scientistshopethesenew2Dtransistorswillbeusedforbuildinghigh-resolution(高分辨率)displaysthatneedverylittleenergy.
Twogroupsofscientistscreatedthese2Dtransistors.Theyreportthatthetransistorsareonlyafewatomsthick.
Usuallytransistorsaremadewiththeelementsilicon(硅).Computerprocessors,memorychips,TVscreensandotherelectronicdevicescontainbillionsofsilicon-basedtransistors.Buttheseverysmallelectricalpartshavecertainlimitations.
DimitrisIoannouisanelectricalengineeringprofessoratGeorgeMasonUniversity.Hesaysthetraditionaltransistorhasbeenimprovedasmuchasitcanbe.Headdsthatresearchershavebeenlookingfornewmaterialswithspecialfeaturesandtheywanttransistorstobeseenthroughandsoft.
"Ifthelayersareverythin,thetransistorcanbecomeflexible,soitdoesn'thavetoberigid(坚硬的),likeitwouldbeinasiliconchip.Sopeoplecanthinkofapplicationslikewearableelectronics,televisionscreensandotherthings,"saidIoannou.
Thesenewtransistorscanalsocarryhighercurrent.Theyalsocanmovethecurrentmuchfasterthantraditionaltransistors.Thisisimportantforhigh-definitionscreens.
DimitrisIoannousaysthescientificsuccesscouldproveveryusefulinthefuture."Now,howgoodandhowusefulitwillbe,it'sstillinthestageofresearch,butitcertainlyisanadvance,"saidIoannou.
(1)WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthenewlycreatedtransistorisTRUE?
A.Theyareexpectedtobeusedinhigh-resolutiondisplays.
B.Thetransistorsaremadewiththeelementsilicon.
C.Theyarerigid,justliketraditionaltransistors.
D.Theyhavealreadybeenputintoactualuse.
(2)WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph5mean?
A.Thetraditionaltransistorshavebeenchangedintotwo-dimensionalones.
B.Manyofthetraditionaltransistorshavebeenimprovedovertheyears.
C.Thetraditionaltransistorhasbeendevelopedtoitsfullest.
D.Thetraditionaltransistorhasbeendevelopedquitewell.
(3)WhatisDimitrisIoannou'sattitudetowardsthecreationofthenewtransistors?
A.Negative.
B.Neutral.
C.Indifferent.
D.Positive.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,美国科学家发明了新的二维晶体管,介绍了新型二维晶体管的相关信息及未来前景。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Scientistshopethesenew2Dtransistorswillbeusedforbuildinghigh-resolution(高分辨率)displaysthatneedverylittleenergy.”可知,科学家们希望能用这些新的二维晶体管来制造高分辨率的显示器。
故选A。
(2)考查句义猜测。
划线句句意为“他说传统的晶体管已经尽可能地改进了”可推知,传统的晶体管已经开发到了极致。
故选C。
(3)考查观点态度。
根据最后一段中的DimitrisIoannou所说的话可推知,他对于这种新型的晶体管持有积极乐观的态度。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,句义猜测和观点态度三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Ibecameamagicianbyaccident.WhenIwasnineyearsold,Ilearnedhowtomakeacoindisappear.I'dreadTheLordoftheRingsandriskedcomingintotheadultsectionofthelibrarytosearchforabookofspells(魔法)—ninebeingthatcuriousageatwhichyou'reoldenoughtoworkthroughmorethan1,200pagesofmysteriousfantasyliteraturebutyoungenoughtostillholdouthopethatyoumightfindabookofreal,actualmagicinthelibrary.ThebookIfoundinsteadtaughtbasicsleight-of-hand(戏法)technique,andIdevotedthenextmonthstopractice.
Initially,themagicwasn'tanygood.Atfirstitwasn'tevenmagic;itwasjustatrick—abadtrick.Ispenthourseachdayinthebathroomrunningthroughthesecretmovesinfrontofthemirror.Idroppedthecoinoverandover,athousandtimesinaday,andaftertwoweeksofthismymomgotacarpetsamplefromthestoreandplaceditunderthemirrortoeradicatethesoundofthecoinfallingagainandagain.
Ihadheardmydadworkthroughpassagesofnewmusiconthepiano,soIknewhowtopractice—slowly,deliberately,goingforprecisionratherthanspeed.AndthenItriedtheillusion(错觉)inthemirrorandanunbelievablescenetookplace.Itdidnotlooklikeamagictrick.Itlookedlikeamiracle.IknewthatIhadgotwhatIwanted.
OnedayImadetheperformanceontheplayground.Wehadbeenplayingfootballandwerestandingbythebackstopinthefieldbehindtheschool.Adozenpeoplewerewatching.Ishowedthecointoeveryone.Thenitdisappeared.Thekidsscreamed.Theyyelled,laughed,scrambledaway.Everyonewentcrazy.Thiswasbrilliant.
(1)Whatdidtheauthorentertheadultsectionofthelibrarytodo?
A. Tokillhistime.
B. Tofindabookofmagic.C
ToreadTheLordoftheRings. D.Tolearnknowledgeofliterature.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"eradicate"inParagraph2mean?
A. Getridof.
B. Giveout.
C. Imitate.
D. Distinguish.
(3)Whatcontributedtotheauthor'ssuccess?
A. Hismother'shelp.
B. Thesecretofquickmoves.
C. Theinspirationfromhisfather.
D. Hisrepeatedhardpractice.
(4)Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheresultofhisperformanceontheplayground?
A. It'sfantastic.
B. It'sfunny.
C. It'sawkward.
D. It'sdisappointing.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者变成魔术师是偶然的,并且具体讲述了自己九岁时学习如何让硬币消失的经历。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“I'dreadTheLordoftheRingsandriskedcomingintotheadultsectionofthelibrarytosearchforabookofspells”我读过《魔戒》,并且冒险进入图书馆的成人区寻找魔法书,可知,作者进入图书馆的成人区是为了寻找魔法书。
原文中使用了不定式表达目的。
故选B。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段讲述作者一开始练习让硬币消失时的练习经历,他每天要在镜子前练1000遍左右,那么硬币也就会掉在地上1000次左右。
所以划线单词所在句子句意应为:
两周后,妈妈从店里买了一块地毯,把它放在镜子下面,以掩盖硬币一次又一次落下的声音。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Ihadheardmydadworkthroughpassagesofnewmusiconthepiano,soIknewhowtopractice—slowly,deliberately,goingforprecisionratherthanspeed.AndthenItriedtheillusion(错觉)inthemirrorandanunbelievablescenetookplace.Itdidnotlooklikeamagictrick.Itlookedlikeamiracle.”可知,作者是在父亲练习钢琴的经历的启发下,领悟到了练习的真谛,最终取得了成功。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Theyyelled,laughed,scrambledaway.Everyonewentcrazy.Thiswasbrilliant.”,可知作者在操场上表演完硬币消失之后,其他同学欢呼、大小并且都不知道是如何做到的,每个人都很疯狂。
作者认为这个经历是非常棒的。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一盘故事类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Imagineaschoolwhereself-awarenessiscelebrated,studentsareencouragedtosolvemathsproblemsbywritingonthewallsandapplyinglearnedlessonstoreallifeismoreimportantthanhomework.TheseareafewoftheconceptsthatmakesSpaceofMindSchoolunique.
Locatedinahomebuiltin1896inFlorida,US,theprogramservesstudentsingrades2through12andwillacceptkindergartenstudentsnextyear.Italsooffersanafter-schoolprogramforstudentswhoattendtraditionalschools,aswellaseveningprogramsforadultsandeducatorsandweekendeventsforfamilies.
Thereisadifferentatmospherefromthatofatraditionalschoolbuilding.Tablesandbrightlycoloredwallsarewhiteboards.Inthescienceroom,studentsarestudyingclimatechangesataweatherstation,whileinthemusicroom,astudentissolvinganequation(等式)withhisacademiccoachwhileheconnectsmusictheoryandmaths.
Thedailyscheduleattheschoolalsostandsout."Wedon'tassignboringorexhaustinghomework."saidSpaceofMindfounderandCEOAliKaufman."Insteadofhomework,weaskthattheygohomeandtakeavideoofthemselvesapplyingalessontheylearnedorcookingamealfortheirfamilythattheylearnedhowtomakeatschool."
Forlunch,insteadoftraditionalcafeteriadishessuchaspizza,theschooloffersorganicmealsmadeoutofproductsfromlocalgardensandfarms."OurstudentsalsorunabusinessattheDelrayBeachGreenMarketonSaturdayssotheycanunderstandsustainablelivingpracticesandhowtorunabusiness,"Kafmansaid.
"WearealsothefirstschoolprograminFloridatostartandendeachdaywith15minutesofmeditation(冥想),"Kaufmansaid."Thepositiveresultswehavebeenseeinginthestudentsfrommeditationareamazing.Wearereallyaboutinfusingsocial,emotionalandcreativeskillswithacademicandlifeskills."
(1)SpaceofMindSchool_________.
A. assignsnohomework.
B. urgesstudentstousewhattheylearn.
C. teachesstudentstoearnmoneyinclass.
D. focusesonknowledgelearning.
(2)Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
A. YogaenjoysgreatpopularityinUS.
B. Thepracticeofmeditationisamazing.
C. Themeditationsessionlasts15minutesdaily.
D. Thestudentsbenefitfrommeditation.
(3)Theunderlinedword"infusing"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans______.
A. emphasizing
B. checking
C. developing
D. helping
(4)Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A. WhatmakesSpaceofMindSchooloutstanding.
B. WhySpaceofMindSchoolispopularinUS.
C. Howtheafter-classprogramsofspaceofMindSchoolareorganized.
D. HowSpaceofMindSchoolcultivatesstudents'lifeskills.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了SpaceofMindSchool一些独特的理念和做法。
这些使得SpaceofMindSchool与众不同。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段"Imagineaschoolwhereself-awarenessiscelebrated,studentsareencouragedtosolvemathsproblemsbywritingonthewallsandapplyinglearnedlessonstoreallifeismoreimportantthanhomework.TheseareafewoftheconceptsthatmakesSpaceofMindSchoolunique."可知,SpaceofMindSchool推崇自我意识,学生们被鼓励通过在墙上写字来解决数学问题,并将学到的知识应用到实际生活中。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"T
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