英语高考英语阅读理解基础练习题.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解基础练习题.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解基础练习题
(英语)高考英语阅读理解基础练习题
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Educationisnotabystanderssport.Numerousresearchershaveshownthatwhenstudentsparticipateinclassroomdiscussiontheyholdmorepositiveattitudestowardschool,andthatpositiveattitudespromotelearning.ItisnocoincidencethatgirlsaremorepassiveintheclassroomdiscussionandscorelowerthanboysonSATs.
Wefoundthatatallgradelevelsinallcommunitiesandinallsubjectareasboyscontrolledclassroomcommunication.Theyparticipatedinmoreinteractionsthangirlsdid,andtheirparticipationbecamegreaterastheyearwenton.
Ourresearchcontradictedthetraditionalassumptionthatgirlscontrolclassroomcommunicationinreadingwhileboysinmath.WefoundthatwhetherthesubjectwaslanguageartsandEnglishormathandscience,boysgotmorethantheirfairshareofteacherattention.Thatteacherstalkmoretomalestudentsissimplybecauseboysaremoreaggressiveingrabbingtheirattentionbycallingoutanswerstotheteachers'questionsfirst.Whilegirlssitpatientlywiththeirhandsraisedorkeepsilent.PsychologistLisaSerbinandK.DanielO'Leary,thenatthestateuniversityofNewYorkatstonybrookstudiedclassroominteractionatpreschoollevelandfoundthatteachersgaveboysmoreattention,praisedthemmoreoftenandwereatleasttwiceaslikelytohaveextendedconversationswiththem.
Yearsofexperiencehaveshownthatthebestwaytolearnsomethingistodoityourself.Itisalsoimportanttogivestudentsspecificanddirectfeedbackaboutthequalityoftheirworkandanswers.Teachersbehavedifferentlydependingonwhetherboysorgirlsareactivetoprovideanswersduringdiscussions.Duringclassroomdiscussion,teachersinourstudyreactedtoboysanswerswithpowerful,preciseandeffectiveresponses,whiletheyoftengavegirlsmildandunclearreactionsbecauseoftheirsilence.Toooften,girlsremaininthedarkaboutthequalityoftheiranswers.Activestudentsreceivingprecisefeedbackaremorelikelytoachieveacademically.Andtheyaremorelikelytobeboys.
Thiskindofcommunicationgameisplayedatwork,aswellasatschool.Asreportedinnumerousstudies,itgoeslikethis.
Menspeakmoreoftenandfrequentlyinterruptwomen.
Listenersrecallmorefrommalespeakersthanfromfemalespeakers,evenwhenbothuseasimilarspeakingstyleandcoverthesamecontent.
Womenparticipatelessactivelyinconversation.Theydomoresmilingandgazing,andtheyaremoreoftenthepassivebystandersinprofessionalandsocialconversationsamongpeers.
Womenoftentheirownstatementsintounsurecomments.Thisisaccomplishedbyusingqualifiersandbyaddingtagquestion.Theseuncertainpatternsweakenimpactandsignalalackofpowerandinfluence.
Onlywhengirlsareactiveandtreatedequallyintheclassroomwilltheybemorelikelytoachieveequalityintheworkplace.
(1)Whatdoestheauthorsmeanwhentheysay“Educationisnotabystanderssport.”?
A. Bothboysandgirlsshoulddomoresports.
B. Thegirlstudentsshouldbetheaudiencetowatchtheboystudents'discussions.
C. Theboystudentsshouldnotbetooactiveintheclassroomdiscussions.
D. Bothboyandgirlstudentsshouldtakeanactivepartintheclassroomdiscussions.
(2)WhichofthefollowingisNottrue?
A. Girls'scoresarelowerthanboysonSATs.
B. Girlscontrolclassroomdiscussioninreadingwhileboysinmaths.
C. Boyscontrolclassroomdiscussioninbothreadingandmaths.
D. Boysaremoreconfidentincallingoutanswerstocatchingtheteachers'attention.
(3)Thefactorsthatcontributetothestudents'effectivelearningarethefollowingexcept__________.
A. Thestudentscantakeanactivepartintheclassroomdiscussion
B. Thestudentsdoitthemselves
C. Teacherscangivestudentsspecificanddirectfeedbackthequalityoftheirworkandanswers
D. Studentstransformtheirownstatementsintouncertaincomments
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论述了教育不是旁观者的活动。
要想学有所获,必须积极参与其中互动。
男生比女生更加积极地参与课堂互动,因此获得老师更多的直接指导,这使得他们的能力得到培养,个性也得到张扬,所以在今后的职场中也能够站统领地位。
女性要想获得同等的地位,应该从积极参与课堂互动开始。
(1)考查推理判断。
纵观全文可知,许多研究表明,当学生参与课堂讨论时,他们对上学持更积极的态度,积极的态度促进学习。
女生在课堂讨论中更被动,在SAT考试中得分低于男生,这不是巧合。
因此推断作者说“教育不是旁观者的活动”是为了表明男孩和女孩都应该积极参与课堂讨论。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Ourresearchcontradictedthetraditionalassumptionthatgirlscontrolclassroomcommunicationinreadingwhileboysinmath.WefoundthatwhetherthesubjectwaslanguageartsandEnglishormathandscience,boysgotmorethantheirfairshareofteacherattention.”可知,我们的研究违背了传统的假设,即女孩在阅读中控制课堂交流,而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流。
我们发现,无论是语言艺术和英语,还是数学和科学,男孩在教师的注意力中所占的份额都超过了他们的平均水平。
因此女孩在阅读中控制课堂交流,而男孩在数学中控制课堂交流的说法是错误的。
故选B。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Numerousresearchershaveshownthatwhenstudentsparticipateinclassroomdiscussiontheyholdmorepositiveattitudestowardschool,andthatpositiveattitudespromotelearning.”可知,A项“学生们能够积极参与课堂讨论”是对的;根据第四段的“Yearsofexperiencehaveshownthatthebestwaytolearnsomethingistodoityourself.Itisalsoimportanttogivestudentsspecificanddirectfeedbackaboutthequalityoftheirworkandanswers.”可知,多年的经验表明,最好的学习方法是自己去做。
给学生关于他们的工作和答案的质量的具体而直接的反馈也是很重要的。
故B、C都是有利的因素;而D项“学生们将自己的陈述转化为不确定的评论”文章中没有提到。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Sleep,consideredaluxurybymany,isessentialforaperson'swellbeing.Researchershavefoundthatinsufficientsleepincreasesaperson'sriskofdevelopingseveremedicalconditions,suchasobesity,diabetes,andcardiovasculardiseases.Now,anewstudybyBoston'sMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasfoundthatgettingsufficientsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.
JeffreyGrossman,wholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindthelinkbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutFitbitstothe100studentsinhisintroductiontoSolid-StateChemistryclass.Instead,theprofessorofComputationalMaterialsSciencehopedthepopularwrist-worndevicewhich,tracksaperson'sactivity24/7,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenphysicalexerciseandacademicachievement.
However,thestudy,publishedinthejournal“ScienceLearning”onOctober1,2019,discoveredasurprisinginsight.Thenwasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandhis/hergradeonthe11quizzes,threemidterms,andthefinalexamadministeredduringthesemester.
Evenmoreinteresting,itwasalsonotsufficientforstudentstojustheadtobedearlythenightbeforeatest.Instead,it'sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.
Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedintheearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigher-performingstudent.“Whenyougotobedmatters.Grossmansays.Ifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn'teverything.”
(1)Whatisthenewfindingaboutsleep?
A.It'sessentialforaperson'shealth.
B.Sleepinglessmaycauseobesity.
C.Sleepingtoomuchisdangerous.
D.Amplesleepleadstobettergrades.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Fitbits"inparagraph2referto?
A.Wearabledevices.
B.Questionnaires.
C.Fitnessequipment.
D.Smartphones.
(3)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefinalresultthenewstudy?
A.Doubtful.
B.Predictable.
C.Disappointing.
D.Unexpected.
(4)Whatwillbenefitstudents'studyaccordingtoGrossman?
A.Sleepingfor5hourseachday.
B.Headingtobedat3a.meveryday.
C.Gettingenoughsleepwhilelearning.
D.Goingtobedearlyonlybeforeatest.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,一项新研究表明,睡眠质量不足除了对身体健康造成不良影响之外,也会对学习成绩产生影响。
好的睡眠质量是提高学习成绩的关键。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Now,anewstudybyBoston'sMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)hasfoundthatgettingsufficientsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.”现在,波士顿麻省理工学院的一项新研究发现,充足的睡眠也是提高学习成绩的关键,可知关于睡眠的新发现是充足的睡眠会带来更好的成绩。
故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“Instead,theprofessorofComputationalMaterialsSciencehopedthepopularwrist-worndevicewhichtracksaperson'sactivity24/7,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenphysicalexerciseandacademicachievement.”可知相反,这位计算材料科学的教授希望这个流行的腕带设备能够显示出体育锻炼和学术成就之间的联系。
可知Fitbits指的是一种可以穿戴的设备。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第三段中的“However,thestudy,publishedinthejournal“ScienceLearning”onOctober1,2019,discoveredasurprisinginsight.”然而,发表在2019年10月1日《科学学习》杂志上的这项研究却有一个惊人的发现,其中surprising“令人惊奇的”可推知这项新研究的最终结果是让人意想不到的。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“Instead,it'sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.”相反,最重要的是你在学习期间的睡眠;以及最后一段中的“Whenyougotobedmatters.Grossmansays.Ifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn'teverything.”什么时候睡觉很重要。
Grossman说。
如果你在2点以后睡觉,即使你睡了7个小时,你的表现也会开始下降。
所以,数量并不是一切,可知Grossman认为学习时睡眠充足将有利于学生的学习。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Moneyistherootofallevil(邪恶)andnewstudyclaimstheremaybesometruthbehindthesaying.ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,US,announcedonFebruary27thatrichpeoplearemorelikelytodoimmoralthings,suchaslieorcheat,thanpoorerpeople.Thescientistsdidaseriesofeightexperiments.TheypublishedtheirfindingsonlineintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences(PNA《美国国家科学院院刊》).
TheycarriedoutthefirsttwoexperimentsfromthesidewalknearBerkeley.Theynotedthatdriversofnewerandmoreexpensivecarsweremorelikelytocutoffothercarsandpedestriansatcrosswalks.N
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