高考英语动词分类讲解.docx
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高考英语动词分类讲解.docx
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高考英语动词分类讲解
高考英语热点动词十五类
动词是英语中最活跃的词类,是句子的核心成分。
此外,英语动词的变化较多,形式颇为复杂,是英语学习的难点之一。
历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点,在单项填空题中所占比例在50%以上。
笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析,归纳常考动词十五类,供大家参考。
一、连系动词类
连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种:
1.变化类表事物发展变化的过程,如become,go,turn,grow,get,fall等。
2.感觉类表人体部位的感受,如feel,smell,taste,look,sound等。
3.状态类表事物所处的状态,如keep,come,run,remain,stand,lie,stay,prove等。
4.外表特征类表外表给人的印象,如appear,seem,look等。
连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。
除了少数几个(如feel,get,become,grow等)外,不用于进行时态和被动结构。
例如:
Themixtureistastedterrible.(误)
Themixturetastesterrible(正)
Jimpretendedtobefallingasleepwhenhismothercamein.(误)
Jimpretendedtofall/beasleepwhenhismothercamein.(正)
I'mfeelingmuchbetterthaneverbefore.
Itwasgettingdarkeranddarker.Besides,acoldrainbegantofall.
【高考例题】
(1)---Doyoulikethematerial?
---Yes,it____verysoft.(NMET94)
A.isfeeling B.felt C.feels D.isfelt
(2)Whydon'tyouputthemeatinthefridge?
Itwill____freshforseveraldays.(NMET03)
A.bestayed B.stay C.bestaying D.havestayed
(3)Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain____astheplanewasmakingalanding.(04春季高考上海卷)
A.seat B.seating C.seated D.tobeseating
(4)Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmay____runoverbyacar.(02高考北京卷)
A.have B.get C.become D.turn
(5)Happybirthday,Alice.Soyouhave____twenty-onealready.(04天津卷)
A.become B.turned C.grown D.passed
(6)Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyoucan'thavetimeto____beforetheparty.(04全国卷II)
A.getchanged B.getchange C.getchanging D.gettochange
(7)0nhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthecoalmine,she____pale.(04湖北卷)
A.got B.changed C.went D.appeared
(8)Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.(04上海卷)
A.tosmell B.smelling C.smelt D.tobesmelt
(9)Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealth____poor.(02春上海卷)
A.proves B.remainsC.maintains D.continues
(10)Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It____goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.
A.does B.feels C.gets D.makes
(Key:
CBCBBACBBB)
二、感官动词类
常考的感官动词有see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,find,catch等。
感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,表达不同的含义。
1.后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。
Ioftenheardthesongsung,butIhaveneverheardyousingit.
Whenyougotowatchthefootballwatch,youwillenjoyseeingtheChinesefootballteamwin.
2.后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。
Seeingthesunrisingabovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.
Hearingthis,Ifeltmyheartbeatingfast.
3.后接V-ed形式表被动意义。
Afterhisreturntwentyyearslater,hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.
AlthoughIhadlearntsomeEnglish,Ihadneverheardawordofitspoken.
【高考例题】
(1)Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.(NMET2000)
A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryout
(2)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound____inthekitchen.(NMET03)
A.smoke B.smoking C.tosmoke D.smoked
(3)Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriver.
A.playing B.tobeplaying C.play D.toplay
(4)Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlwhowascaught____andletheroff.(NMET93)
A.tohavestolen B.tobestealing
C.tosteal D.stealing
(5)Helookedaroundandcaughtaman____hishandintothepocketofapassenger.
A.put B.tobeputting
C.toput D.putting (04春北京卷)
(Key:
CBADD)
三、使役动词类
表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词,如make,let,have,keep,leave,set,send等。
使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语,表达不同的含义。
分以下三种情况:
1.make,lethave等后接不带to的不定式,表“使/让某人/某物做某事”。
Don'tmakehimdoitifhedoesn'twantto.
Ifyouhaveanyproblems,justletmeknow.
在被动结构中不定式须带to,但是have不用于被动结构中.
Hewasmadetoapologizetotheguest.
2.have,keep,leave,send,set,get等后接V-ing形式,表持续性动作。
I'msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.
Whydoyouhavehimworryingabouthislessons?
3.have,keep,leave等后接V-ed形式,表被动含义。
Hedidn'tkeeponaskingmethetimeuntilhehadhadhiswatchrepaired.
I'llkeepyouinformedassoonasIhavethenews.
【高考例题】
(1)Don'tleavethewater_whileyoubrush
yourteeth.(04天津卷)
A.run B.running C.beingrun D.torun
(2)Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirchildren'sactions
againstthelawsgetparents_.(04重庆卷)
A.worried B.toworryC.worryingD.worry
(3)---Whydidyougobacktotheshop?
---Ileftmyfriend____there.(03春安徽内蒙古卷)
A.waiting B.towait C.waitD.waits
(4)Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire____allnight.(NMET91)
A.toburn B.burn C.burning D.burned
(5)---Goodmorning,canIhelpyou?
---I'dliketohavethispackage____,madam.
A.beweighed B.weighing
C.weighed D.toweigh(NMET89)
(6)Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn'tmakehimself____.(NMET91)
A.hear B.tohear C.hearing D.heard
(7)Asyouhaveneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeone____youtheway.(94上海卷)
A.show B.toshow C.showingD.showed
(8)Pauldoesn'thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.(NMET95)
A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning
(9)Acomputercandoonlywhatthinkingpeople______.(99上海卷)
A.haveitdo B.haveitdone
C.havedoneit D.havingitdone
(10)Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrong.(98年上海卷)
A.it B.itrepaired C.repaired D.toberepaired
(Key:
BCACCDABAC)
四、含情感色彩的动词
这类动词有excite,inspire,encourage,interest,satisfy,delight,please,move,frighten,surprise,amaze,astonish,shock,worry,astonish,disappoint,discourage,exhaust,puzzle,tire,terrify等。
情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语,有V-ing和V-ed两种形式,在句中作宾语和表语,V-ing形式指人,V-ed形式则指事物。
Thestorywassomovingthateveryonepresentwasmovedtotears.
Whatdisappointingresult!
Wewerealldisappointedwithit.
Climbingahillwastiringandweweretiredwhenwereachedthesummit.
【高考例题】
(1)Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnothinghedoes____hisboss.(2000春北京安徽内蒙古卷)
A.serves B.satisfies C.promisesD.supports
(2)---I'mvery____withmyowncooking.Itlooksnicesmellsdelicious.
---Mm,itdoeshavea____smell.(02春NMET)
A.pleasant;pleased B.pleased;pleased
C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant
(3)Mr.Smith,____ofthe____speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03春北京卷)
A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored
C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring
(4)Itisbelievedthatifabookis____,itwillsurely____thereader.(03上海聋)
A.interested;interest B.interesting;beinterested
C.interested;beinteresting D.interesting;interest
(5)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome____.(04春上海卷)
A.beingexhausted B.exhausted
C.exhausting D.havingexhausted
(Key:
BDADB)
五、后接不定式动词类
afford,agree,choose,determine,expect,decide,learn,offer,mange,hope,want,wish,promise,refuse,fail,pretend,happen等动词,后跟不定式作宾语。
Thankyouforofferingtohelp,butIcanmanagemyself.
Helearnedtorideabicyclewhenhewasasmallboy.
【高考例题】
(1)Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.(NMET95)
A.havingmet B.meetingC.tomeet D.tohavemet
(2)LittleJimshouldlove____tothetheatrethisevening.(NMET92)
A.tobetaken B.totake C.beingtaken D.taking
(3)Idon'tknowwhetheryouhappen_,butI'mgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.(04辽宁卷)
A.tobeheard B.tobehearing
C.tohear D.tohaveheard
(4)Shepretended_mewhenIpassedby.(NMET89)
A.nottosee B.notseeing
C.tonotsee D.havingnotseen
(5)Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears____everything.(01高考上海卷)
A.totell B.tobetold
C.tobetelling D.tohavebeentold
(Key:
CADAD)
六、后接V-ing形式动词类
该类动词常考的有appreciate,avoid,bear,consider,dislike,delay,enjoy,escape,finish,hate,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,postpone,resist,risk,'stand,suggest等。
这些动词须接V-ing形式作宾语。
例如;
Idon'tmindwaiting,butI'vegottostandinthecoldwind.
Haveyouconsideredmakingsomenecessarychangestoyourplan?
OnlybypractisingspeakingEnglisheverydaycanyouexpecttoimproveyourspokenEnglish.
【高考例题】
(1)Iwouldappreciate____backthisafternoon.
A.youtocall B.youcall
C.yourcalling D.you'recalling
(2)Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.(96年上海卷)
A.topersuade B.persuading
C.beingpersuaded D.bepersuaded
(3)Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis____Dr.turnerinsteadofMr.Turner.(92上海卷)
A.beencalled B.called
C.beingcalled D.havingcalled
(4)Ireallyappreciate____torelaxwithyouonthisniceisland.(04年上海卷)
A.tohavehadtime B.havingtime
C.tohavetime D.tohavingtime
(5)Doyoumind_aloneathome?
(94年上海卷)
A.Janeleaving B.Janehavingleft
C.Jane'sbeingleft D.Janetobeleft
(6)IcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(NMET91)
A.sail B.tosail C.sailing D.tohavesailed
(Key:
CBCBCC)
七、后接不定式与V-ing形式意义不同动词类
remember,try,regret,mean,forget,stop,goon,can'thelp等后接不定式与V-ing形式作宾语,表达含义不同。
见下表:
动词 接动名词作宾语 接不定式作宾语
Remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作
try 尝试做某事 努力做某事
regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾
mean 意味着做某事 企图(打算)做某事
can'thelp 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事
goon 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后,接着做另一件事
forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事
stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事去做别的事
例如:
Irememberbeingpad,butI'veforgottentheexactamount.
Pleaseremembertosendmeaphotoofyoursonthenexttimeyouwritetome.
Idon'treallymeantoworkhere,whichmeansleavingthejobsoonafterwards.
【高考例题】
(1)---Thelightintheofficeisstillon.(NMET91)
---Oh,Iforgot______.
A
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