论国际商务合同英译的准确性毕业设计论文.docx

论国际商务合同英译的准确性毕业设计论文.docx

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论国际商务合同英译的准确性毕业设计论文

毕业设计论文

论国际商务合同英译的准确性

OntheAccuracyofChinese-EnglishTranslationofInternationalBusinessContracts

Abstract

WithChina'smarketeconomydevelopingveryfastandthedeepeningofthereformandopeninguptotheoutsideworld,economicexchangewithforeigncountriesiseverincreasinglyfrequent,Chineseenterprisesarefindingmoreandmorechancestocooperatewithforeignbusinessmen.Inordertoconcludeaninternationaltransactionpartiesshouldcommunicatewitheachotherregularlyviathehelpoftranslation.Contract,asalegalagreement,stipulatestheobligationsandrightsforboththebuyerandtheseller,thereforethequalityofitstranslationisessentialtosuccessfulbusinesscooperation.

Astudyontheaccuracyoftranslatingcontractdocumentswillbewelldiscussedinthisthesis.Firstly,ageneralintroductionisgivenaboutthecontract,includingthedefinition,generalprovisions,legalelementsandthesignificanceofthisstudy.Theninordertoapplythetechniquesintothedevelopmentofinternationalbusinesscontracttranslationaccuracy,thesimilaritiesanddifferencesoflanguagefeaturesbetweenEnglishandChineseareillustrated.Next,throughtheadaptationofHalliday’sregistertheory,itsapplicationisprobedintheimprovementofinternationalbusinesscontracttranslation.Lastly,theinaccuracycasesareexplainedandsomesuggestionsaregiven.

Keywords:

internationalbusinesscontract;C-Etranslation;accuracy

摘要

随着我国市场经济的不断发展和改革开放的不断深入，市场竞争机制得到进一步完善，对外经济贸易往来日益频繁，企业涉外经营的规模逐步扩大，与外商合作的机会越来越多，起草、谈判、签订商务合同成为必不可少的环节,其中起桥梁作用的当数翻译了。

而在国际经济贸易活动，合同又是中外当事人开展业务和维护权益最为重要的一种法律文件依据，因此对合同翻译就提出了很高的要求，因为合同翻译的质量对于双方当事人的权利和义务、合同本身的履行及合同争议的解决常常会带来极大的影响。

因此从探究国际商务合同的准确性入手，首先阐述了国际商务合同的定义、语言特点、一般合同经常包含的条款以及研究合同翻译准确性意义的重要性，接着分析了中英两种国际商务合同在词汇，句法，篇章的语言相似性和区别性，并对词汇，句法，篇章三个层次的翻译策略进行了研究。

其次，采用韩礼德的语域理论，分析了它在提高国际商务合同翻译准确性的作用和意义。

最后，文章实例分析了国际商务合同翻译中其它的常见翻译失真，并总结了一名合格译者应该具备的素质。

关键词：

国际商务合同;汉英翻译;准确性

Contents

Introduction

1.AboutInternationalBusinessContract

1.1.DefinitionofContract

1.2GeneralProvisionsandLegalElementsofContract

1.3TheSignificanceofStudyingContractTranslationAccuracy

2.AccuracyofContractLanguage

2.1.LanguageComparisonbetweenEnglishandChineseContract

2.1.1.LexicalLevel.

2.1.2.SyntacticLevel

2.1.3.TextualLevel

2.2.TranslationTechniquestoAccuracyImprovementofC-ETranslation

2.2.1.LexicalTranslationTechniques

2.2.2.SyntacticTranslationTechniques

2.2.3.TextualTranslationTechniques

3.AccuracyofContractRegister

3.1Halliday:

TheNotionofRegister

3.2ApplicationofRegisterTheoryinAccuracyImprovement

3.2.1HelpingIdentifytheContractRegister

3.2.2HelpingRealizetheRegisterEquivalenceintheC-EContractTranslation

4.AnalysisofOtherCommonInaccuracies

4.1GrammaticalInaccuracies

4.2MechanicalTranslationInaccuracies

4.3LaymenInaccuracies

5.RequirementsforaGoodTranslator

5.1StrongSenseofResponsibility

5.2BilingualProficiency.

5.3EssentialProfessionalKnowledge

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

Acknowledgments

Introduction

WiththetrendofglobalizationandChina'sentryintotheWTO,Chinesebusinesshasbeenundergoingever-frequentexchangeswiththeoutsideworld.Contractdocumenttranslation,asaformofpracticaltranslationoncewasneglectedbyChinesetranslatorsintheirtranslationstudies,hasbeenpaidmoreandmoreattentiontosincethelastdecade.Awell-translated,especiallyanexactlytranslatedcontractdocumentconducestothesmoothperformanceofabusiness,whileapooronemayresultsincostlyfailure.Carryingonstudiesinthisfieldcanleadtopeople'srecognitionoftheimportanceofcontractdocumenttranslationandthushelptoimprovethecompetitivenessofChineseproductsininternationalmarket.

Throughthesearchinthewesterntranslationcircles,itisfoundthatthefamousEnglishtranslator,AlexanderFraserTytler,hadthreeprinciplesoftranslationinhisEssaysonthePrinciplesofTranslationpublishedin1790.Thesethreeprinciplesontranslationareasfollows:

a）Thetranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork;

b）Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal;and

c）Thetranslationshouldhavethesameeaseastheoriginalcomposition.[1]

Inthesethreeprinciples,“acompletetranscript”,“thesamecharacter”and“thesameease”areallthedescriptionofaccuracyintranslation.

InChina,Theremaybeabundantfruitsintranslationstudies,suchas（信、达、雅）—"faithfulness,expressiveness,andelegance",whichisputforwardbyYanFu;"Rathertobefaithfulthantobesmooth"（宁信而不顺）,whichisadvancedbyLuXun's,etc.YanFuputforwardthesethreeprinciplesintheprefaceofhistranslation---"EthicsandEvolution"（《天演论》）.Hegaveexpressiontohistheorythat"translationinvolvesthreerequirementsdifficulttofulfill:

Faithfulness,Expressiveness,andElegance."（“译事三难:

信、达、雅。

”）Intheirtheories,thestudyofaccuracyisalsoobviousandprominent,suchastheprincipleoffaithfulness.

However,alloftheseprinciplesareoriginallythestandardsforliterarytranslation;therearenorealcriteriaforbusinesscontracttranslation.Thepresentsituationofbusinesstranslationischaracterizedby“amassofuncoordinatedstatementsanddidnotgobeyondthelimitsofempiricaldeliberationoressayisticaphorisms”.[2]

Basingontheabovedevelopmentandconsideringthefrequencyandrangeoftheapplicationofcontractdocuments,itisconsideredasanurgenttasktoconductafurtherresearchonthebusinesstranslationaccuracyofcontractdocuments,andgreathopeofprobingtheaccuracyofbusinesscontracttranslationintoahigherlevelanddemonstratingthepossibilityofputtingthetranslationintothefullestextent.

Sothebriefknowledgeofbusinesscontractwillbeintroduced,theEnglishbusinesscontractlanguagewillbecomparedwiththeChinesebusinesscontractlanguage,thenthetranslationtechniquesiswellchosenfortheaccuracyimprovementinbusinesscontracttranslation.Next,throughtheadaptationofHalliday’sregistertheory,itsapplicationisalsoprobedfortheaccuracystudy.Finally,othercommoninaccuraciesareillustratedandsuggestionsaregivenformoreexactbusinesscontracttranslation.

1.AboutInternationalBusinessContract

Itisself-evidentthatcontractisveryimportantinforeigntradeandbusiness.Thereforethetranslationofcontractisvitalinbusinessactivities.Thedefinitionofcontractwillbefirstlydiscussed.

1.1DefinitionofContract

Acontractordinarilymeansanagreementbetweentwoormorepersons-notmerelyasharedbelief,butacommonunderstandingastosomethingthatistobedoneinthefuturebyone,bothorallofthem.Contractsareessentiallypromises;orgroupsofpromises,todosomethinginthefuture.Ifthepromiseshavecertaincharacteristicsdefinedbylaw,thenthepromisesgiverisetorightsthatwillbeprotectedbylawandthebreachofthepromiseswillgiverisetoenforcedremedies.

Contractscanbeoralorwritten.Infact,contracts,inabroadsense,aresomuchapartoflivinginasocietythatyouareprobablyunawareofhowmanycontractsyoumakeeveryday:

twopeopleexchangingweddingvowsenterintoacontractofmarriage;apersonwhohasachildisboundtonurtureandsupportthatchild;shoppersselectingfoodinasupermarketisboundtopurchasethegoodsforastatedamount.1999ChineseContractLawdefinescontractasfollows:

AcontractinthisLawreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.L.BCurzongivesinhisADictionaryofLawcontracttilefollowingdefinition:

contractisalegallybindingagreement.[3]

Asalescontractneedstobesignedbyandbetweenthesellerandthebuyerafterbothpartieshavearrivedatanagreementsothatthetransactionmaycometoanendtosatisfybothparties.Bydoingso,bothpartiesareboundbythecontractwhichisbasedontherelatedlaw.Inthisway,ifonepartybreachesthecontract,theotherpartyisentitledtotakelegalactionagainsthim.

Onceestablished,aninternationalbusinesscontracthassimilarutilitytoacontractusedinadomestictransaction.Acontractisapromise,orasetofpromises,forbreachofwhichthelawgivesaremedy,orperformanceofwhichthelawinsomewayrecognizesasaduty.Nomatterwhetheritisinternationallawordomesticlaw,sellershavebothrightsandobligationsstipulatedinthecontractandsodobuyers.

1.2GeneralProvisionsandLegalElements

L.BCurzoninhisADictionaryofLawsays:

contractgenerallyinvolves:

（1）offerandabsoluteandunqualifiedacceptance;

（2）meetingofminds;（3）intentiontocreatelegalrelations;（4）genuinenessofconsent;（5）contractualcapacityoftheparties;（6）legalityofobject;（7）possibilityofperformance;（8）certaintyofterms;（9）valuableconsideration.[3]

The1999ChineseContractLawdefinesthefollowinggeneralprovisions

（1）titleornameanddomicileoftheparties;

（2）contractobject;（3）quantity;（4）quality;（5）priceorremuneration;（6）timelimit,placeandmethodofperformance;（7）liabilityforbreachofcontract;（8）methodstosettledisputes.

InaccordancewithGeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,andtheContractLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,abusinesscontractshallbeincompliancewiththefollowinglegalelements:

（1）contractualcapacityoftheparties;

（2）equallegalstatusoftheparties;（3）genuinenessofconsent;（4）freewill;（5）honesty