ASTM E1316-2019a 无损检测的标准术语.pdf
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ASTM E1316-2019a 无损检测的标准术语.pdf
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ThisinternationalstandardwasdevelopedinaccordancewithinternationallyrecognizedprinciplesonstandardizationestablishedintheDecisiononPrinciplesfortheDevelopmentofInternationalStandards,GuidesandRecommendationsissuedbytheWorldTradeOrganizationTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT)Committee.aDesignation:
E1316-19au117INTERNATIONALStandardTerminologyforNondestructiveExaminations1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationEl316;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.INDEXOFTERMSSectionA:
B:
C:
D:
E:
F:
G:
H:
1:
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L:
1.ScopeCommonNDTTermsAcousticEmission(AE)TermsElectromagneticTesting(ET)TermsGamma-andX-RadiologicTesting(RT)TermsLeakTesting(LT)TermsLiquidPenetrantTesting(PT)TermsMagneticParticleTesting(MT)TermsNeutronRadiologicTesting(NRT)TermsUltrasonicTesting(UT)TermsInfraredTesting(IRT)TermsOpticalHolographicTesting(HT)TermsVisualTesting(VT)Terms1.1ThisstandarddefinestheterminologyusedinthestandardspreparedbytheE07CommitteeonNondestructiveTesting.Thesenondestructivetesting(NDT)methodsinclude:
acousticemission,electromagnetictesting,gamma-andX-radiology,leaktesting,liquidpenetranttesting,magneticparticletesting,neutronradiologyandgauging,ultrasonictesting,andothertechnicalmethods.1.2CommjtteeE07recognizesthatthetermsexamjnation,testing,andinspectionarecommonlyusedassynonymsinnondestructivetesting.ForuniformityandconsistencyinE07nondestructivetestingstandards,CommitteeE07encouragestheuseofthetermexaminationanditsderivativeswhendescribingtheapplicationofnondestructivetestmethods.Thereare,however,appropriateexceptionswhenthetermtestanditsderivativesmaybeusedtodescribetheapplicationofanondestructivetest,suchasmeasurementswhichproduceanumericresult(forexample,whenusingtheleaktestingmethodtoperformaleaktestonacomponent,oranultrasonicmeasurementofvelocity).Additionally,thetermtestshouldbeusedwhenreferringtotheNDTmethod,thatis,RadiologicTesting(RT),UltrasonicTesting(UT),andsoforth.(Example:
1ThistenninologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE07onNondestructiveTestingandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE07.92onEditorialReview.CurrenteditionapprovedAug.I,2019.PublishedAugust2019.Originallyapprovedin1989.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2019asEl316-19.DOI:
I0.1520/El3J6-19A.RadiologicTesting(RT)isoftenusedtoexaminematerialtodetectinternaldiscontinuities.)1.3SectionAdefinestermsthatarecommontomultipleNDTmethods,whereas,thesubsequentsectionsdefinetermspertainingtospecificNDTmethods.1.4Asshownonthechartbelow,whennondestructivetestingproducesanindication,theindicationissubjecttointerpretationasfalse,nonrelevant,orrelevant.Ifithasbeeninterpretedasrelevant,thenecessarysubsequentevaluationwillresultinthedecisiontoacceptorrejectthematerial.Withtheexceptionofacceptandreject,whichretainthemeaningfoundinmostdictionaries,allthewordsusedinthechartaredefinedinSectionA.NondestructiveTestingNonrelevantAcceptRejectCopyrightASTMInternational,100BarrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,PA19428-2959.UnitedStatesE1316-19a1.5Thisinternationalstandardwasdevelopedinaccor-dancewithinternationallyrecognizedprinciplesonstandard-izationestablishedintheDecisiononPrinciplesfortheDevelopmentofInternationalStandards,GuidesandRecom-mendationsissuedbytheWorldTradeOrganizationTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT)Committee.2.ReferencedDocuments2.1ASTMStandards:
2E94GuideforRadiographicExaminationUsingIndustrialRadiographicFilmEl106TestMethodforPrimaryCalibrationofAcousticEmissionSensors2ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatserviceastm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandardsvolumeinformation,refertothestandardsDocumentSummarypageontheASTMwebsite.El781PracticeforSecondaryCalibrationofAcousticEmis-sionSensorsNoTE1-ThisstandarddefinestheterminologyusedinthestandardspreparedbyCommitteeE07onNondestructiveTestingandpublishedintheAnnualBookofASTMStandards,Volumes03.03and03.04.3.SignificanceandUse3.1Thetermsfoundinthisstandardareintendedtobeuseduniformlyandconsistentlyinallnondestructivetestingstan-dards.ThepurposeofthisstandardistopromoteaclearunderstandingandinterpretationoftheNDTstandardsinwhichtheyareused.4.Terminology4.1Definitions-Thedefinitionsprovidedbelowhavebeenbrokenupintosections;eachsectionisarrangedinalphabeti-calorder.SectionA:
CommonNDTTermsThetermsdefinedinSectionAarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE07.92,EditorialReview.acceptablequalitylevel-themaximumpercentdefectiveorthemaximumnumberofunitsdefectiveperhundredunitsthat,forthepurposeofsamplingtest,canbeconsideredsatisfactoryasaprocessaverage.calibration,instrument,n-thecomparisonofaninstrumentwith,ortheadjustmentofaninstrumentto,aknownreference(s)oftentraceabletotheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST).(Seealsostandardization,instrument.)cognizantengineeringorganization-thecompany,govern-mentagencyorotherauthorityresponsibleforthedesign,orenduse,ofthematerialorcomponentforwhichnondestruc-tivetestingisrequired.DISCUSSION-Inadditiontodesignpersonnel,thecognizantengineer-ingorganizationcouldincludepersonnelfromengineering,materialandprocessengineering,stressanalysis,nondestructivetesting,qualityassuranceandothers,asappropriate.defect,n-oneormoreflawswhoseaggregatesize,shape,orientation,location,orpropertiesdonotmeetspecifiedacceptancecriteriaandarerejectable.discontinuity,n-alackofcontinuityorcohesion;aninten-tionalorunintentionalinterruptioninthephysicalstructureorconfigurationofamaterialorcomponent.evaluation-determinationofwhetherarelevantindicationiscausetoacceptortorejectamaterialorcomponent.examination,n-aprocedurefordeterminingaproperty(orproperties)orotherconditionsorcharacteristicsofamaterialorcomponentbydirectorindirectmeans.DiscussioN-ExamplesincludeutilizationofX-raysorultrasonicwavesforthepurposeofdetermining(directlyorbycalculation)flawcontent,density,or(forultrasound)modulus;ordetectionofflawsbyinductionofeddycurrents,observingthermalbehavior,AEresponse,orutilizationofmagneticparticlesorliquidpenetrants.2falseindication,n-anNDTindicationthatisinterpretedtobecausedbyaconditionotherthanadiscontinuityorimper-fection.flaw,n-animperfectionordiscontinuitythatmaybedetect-ablebynondestructivetestingandisnotnecessarilyreject-able.flawcharacterization,n-theprocessofquantifyingthesize,shape,orientation,location,growth,orotherproperties,ofaflawbasedonNDTresponse.imperfection,n-adepartureofaqualitycharacteristicfromitsintendedcondition.indication-theresponseorevidencefromanondestructiveexamination.DiscussioN-Anindicationisdeterminedbyinterpretationtoberelevant,non-relevant,orfalse.inspection,n-seepreferredtermexamination.interpretation-thedeterminationofwhetherindicationsarerelevantornonrelevant.interpretation,n-thedeterminationofwhetherindicationsarerelevant,nonrelevant,orfalse.NondestructiveEvaluation-seeNondestructiveTesting.NondestructiveExamination-seeNondestructiveTesting.NondestructiveInspection-seeNondestructiveTesting.NondestructiveTesting(NDT),n-thedevelopmentandap-plicationoftechnicalmethodstoexaminematerialsorcomponentsinwaysthatdonotimpairfutureusefulnessandserviceabilityinordertodetect,locate,measureandevaluateflaws;toassessintegrity,propertiesandcomposition;andtomeasuregeometricalcharacteristics.nonrelevantindication,n-anNDTindicationthatiscausedbyaconditionortypeofdiscontinuitythatisnotrejectable.Falseindicationsarenon-relevant.E1316-19areferencestandard,n-amaterialorobjectforwhichallrelevantchemicalandphysicalcharacteristicsareknownandmeasurable,usedasacomparisonfor,orstandardizationof,equipmentorinstrumentsusedfornondestructivetesting.(Seealsostandardization,instrument.)relevantindication,n-anNDTindicationthatiscausedbyaconditionortypeofdiscontinuitythatrequiresevaluation.standard-
(1)aphysicalreferenceusedasabasisforcom-parisonorcalibration;
(2)aconceptthathasbeenestablishedbyauthority,custom,oragreementtoserveasamodelorruleinthemeasurementofqualityortheestablishmentofapracticeorprocedure.standardization,instrument,n-theadjustmentofanNDTinstrumentusinganappropriatereferencestandard,toobtainorestablishaknownandreproducibleresponse.(Thisisusuallydonepriortoanexamination,butcanbecarriedoutanytimethereisconcernabouttheexaminationorinstru-mentresponse.)(Seealsocalibration,instrument.)test,n-seepreferredtermexamination.SectionB:
AcousticEmission(AE)TermsThetermsdefinedinSectionBarethedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE07.04onAcousticEmissionMethod.acousticemission(AE)-theclassofphenomenawherebytransientstress/displacementwavesaregeneratedbytherapidreleaseofenergyfromlocalizedsourceswithinamaterial,orthetransientwavessogenerated.DiscussioN-Acousticemissionistherecommendedtermforgeneraluse.OthertermsthathavebeenusedinAEliteratureinclude:
()stresswaveemission,
(2)microseismicactivity,and(
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