Explorations 085.docx
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Explorations 085.docx
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Explorations085
5.07
JackieCochranTraveledWiththeWindandStars
VOICEONE:
ThisisSteveEmber.
VOICETWO:
AndthisisFaithLapiduswithEXPLORATIONSinVOASpecialEnglish.setmorespeed,distanceandaltituderecordsthananyotherpilotinaviationhistory.
(MUSIC)
VOICEONE:
JacquelineCochranwasknownasJackie.Shesaidshewasborninnineteenten.Shedidnotreallyknow.Herparentsdiedwhenshewasababy.Anothermanandwomanadoptedher.Theybecameherlegalparents.
Thesepeoplewereverypoor.TheylivedinseveraltownsinFloridaandGeorgia.Jackiewenttoschoolforjusttwoyears.Thenshebeganworkinacottonfactory.Shewaseightyearsold.Sheearnedsixcentsanhour.
VOICETWO:
Later,Jackiestudiedtobeanurse.But,shedecidedtobeabeautician,apersonwhocutsandfixesotherpeople'shair.ShewenttoaspecialschoolandworkedinseveralbeautyshopsintheSouth.Then,shedecidedtomovetoNewYorkCity.Theresheworkedinaveryfinebeautyshop.Onabusinesstrip,shemetawealthyfinancialexpert,FloydOdlum.HeurgedJackietolearntofly.Healsohelpedherestablishwhatwastobecomeaverysuccessfulbusiness.
Jackiehaddreamedofsellingherownbeautyproducts.Atthattime,theUnitedStateswasinsevereeconomictrouble,theGreatDepression.FloydtoldJackieitwouldbeverydifficulttosellenoughbeautyproductstomakehercompanysuccessful.ShewouldhavetosellthemallacrossAmerica.Tocovertheterritory,hesaid,shewouldneedwings.Shethoughtitwasagreatidea.
(MUSIC)
VOICEONE:
Yearslater,JackieCochranrememberedhowshetalkedwithherfriendsaboutlearningtofly.Theyallwarnedherhowdifficultitwouldbe.Shedidnotthinkso.SoshewenttoRooseveltFieldonNewYork'sLongIslandtolearnhow.
Aftertwo-and-a-halfweeksoflessons,shereceivedherofficialpilot'slicense.SheimmediatelyflewtoMontreal,Canada.Theyearwasnineteenthirty-two.Threeyearslater,shecompetedintheBendixTrophyRacefromLosAngeles,CaliforniatoCleveland,Ohio.
Theracewasanimportantcompetitionforbothmaleandfemalepilots.Inherfirsttry,Cochranhadtroublewithherplane.Shefailedtofinish.Anotheryoungfemalepilot,AmeliaEarhart,finishedfifth.
VOICETWO:
Innineteenthirty-six,JackieandFloydweremarried.Shecontinuedtooperatehercompany,JacquelineCochranCosmetics.Andhecontinuedtosupportherflyingactivities.
Innineteenthirty-seven,AmeliaEarhartattemptedtoflyaroundtheworld.Shedisappearedduringthatflight.Agroupoffemalepilotsheldamemorialceremonytohonorher.JackieCochranspokeattheceremony."Wecanmournherloss,"Cochransaid,"butnotregrethereffort.Wewillcarryonhergoals."
VOICEONE:
AmonthafterEarhartwasdeclaredlostatsea,CochranflewagainintheBendixTrophyRace.Shewastheonlyfemalepilot.Shefinishedinthirdplace,aheadofseveralofAmerica'stoughestmalepilots.
Thewinnerofthatraceflewanewkindofmilitaryplane.ItwasdesignedbyAlexanderdeSeversky.HehadcometotheUnitedStatesfromRussia.Severskywantedtosellhisnewlong-distanceplanetotheUnitedStatesArmyAirCorps.Hethoughtthearmywouldnoticehisplaneifafemalepilotflewitinaraceanddidwell.SoheaskedCochrantoflyitinthenextBendixrace.Sheacceptedimmediately.
VOICETWO:
Severskyaddedextrafuelcontainersinthewings.Hewantedtoshowthattheplanecouldflylongdistanceswithoutstopping.Cochranwouldbethefirstpilottousethenewsystem.Twenty-onepilotsflewatestcoursebeforetherace.Onlytencompleteditsuccessfully--ninemenandJackieCochran.
TheracebeganinBurbank,California,inthemiddleofthenight.Fortythousandpeopleweretheretowatch.Seversky'splane,withCochranatthecontrols,speededdowntherunway.Itssilverwingsandbodyshoneinthelightsaroundtheairfield.Theplaneliftedofftherunway,climbedupanddisappearedintothedarkness.
VOICEONE:
AnothercrowdwaswaitinginCleveland,Ohio.Theycheeredasthefirstplanelandedandcrossedthefinishline.ItwasthesilverplaneflownbyJackieCochran.Shehadwontherace.Cochranhadflownthreethousandtwohundredseventykilometersineighthoursandtenminutes.Shehaddoneitwithoutstopping.Butonlysheknewtherewasenoughfuellefttoflyjustafewmoreminutes.
JackieCochranwonsomethingelsethatyear--recognition.ShereceivedtheHarmonTrophy,thehighestawardgiventoapilotinAmerica.ShewouldwintheHarmonTrophythirteenmoretimes.
(MUSIC)
VOICETWO:
Thenextyear,nineteenthirty-nine,WorldWarTwostartedinEurope.Cochranbelievedfemalepilotscouldhelpinthewareffort.Shethoughttheyshouldbepermittedtoflymilitarytransportplanes.Inthatway,shesaid,moremalepilotswouldbefreetoflycombatplanes.
Innineteenforty,shetriedtogettheUnitedStatesArmyAirForcetosupportheridea.CochranwrotetoPresidentFranklinRoosevelt'swife,Eleanor.Shesaidtherealprobleminwartimewaslikelytobealackoftrainedpilots.Manywomen,shenoted,alreadyweretrained.
VOICEONE:
CochranreceivedpermissiontogotoEnglandtoobservefemalepilotsinthenewlyformedBritishAirTransportAuxiliary.Shestayedthereseveralyears.
Bynineteenforty-three,theUnitedStatesrealizedthatitdidneedmorepilots.ThecommanderofAmerica'sArmyAirForces,GeneralHenryArnold,visitedEngland.HeaskedCochrantocomehomeandorganizeaprogramforfemalepilots.ThegroupwouldbeknownastheWomenAirforceServicePilots,orWASPs.
Thegroupexistedfortwoyears.Duringthatbrieftime,thewomenlearnedtoflyseventy-sevenkindsofmilitaryplanes.Onethousandseventy-fourwomenservedasWASPs.Theyflewalmostonehundredmillionkilometers.TheywereneverofficiallypartoftheArmyAirForces.Theywereconsideredcivilianemployees.
VOICETWO:
AttheendofWorldWarTwo,theAmericangovernmentgaveJackieCochrantheDistinguishedServiceMedalfororganizingtheWASPs.Shewasthefirstciviliantoreceivethehonor.Afterthewar,sheworkedwithGeneralArnold.ShehelpedwriteabillthatcreatedAmerica'sAirForceReserve.Shebecamethefirstfemalemember.Shewasfinallyamemberofthemilitary.
(MUSIC)
VOICEONE:
Inthelatenineteenforties,Cochranstartedracingagain.Shesetmanymoreflyingrecords.Innineteenfifty-four,sheenteredthejetage.TheCanadiangovernmentagreedtolethertestitsnewfighterplane.Init,shebecamethefirstwomantoflyfasterthanthespeedofsound.
Intheearlynineteensixties,shebecameatestpilotfortheLockheedCompany.Sheflewafighterplanetwothousandtwohundredeighty-sixkilometersanhour.Thatwasmorethantwotimesthespeedofsound.Itwasthefastestspeedeverreachedbyafemalepilot.
VOICETWO:
JackieCochransoldherbeautyproductscompanyinnineteensixty-four.Shediedofaheartattackinnineteeneighty.Atthetimeofherdeath,sheheldmorespeed,distanceandaltituderecordsthananyotherpilot--manorwoman--inaviationhistory.Shehadrisenfromalowlybeginningtotheheightsofbusinessandflight.
JackieCochranisnotaswellknownassomeoftheothergreatpilots.Onehistoryexpertsaidpeoplerespectedher,butdidnotreallylikeher.Sheledthewayforotherfemalepilots.Butshedidnotseektheircompanyasfriends.
JackieCochranfeltverymuchathomeinthesky.Sheoncedescribedherfeelingsaboutflying.Thisiswhatshesaid:
"Earth-boundsoulsknowonlythatundersideoftheatmosphereinwhichtheylive.Butgouphigher,andtheskyturnsdark.Highupenough,andonecanseethestarsatnoon.Ihave.Ihavetraveledwiththewindandthestars."
(MUSIC)
VOICEONE:
ThisprogramwaswrittenbyMarilynRiceChristiano.ItwasproducedbyMarioRitter.ThisisSteveEmber.
VOICETWO:
AndthisisFaithLapidus.ListenagainnextweekforanotherEXPLORATIONSprograminVOASpecialEnglish.
5.14
AVisittoTwoNationalParks:
MountRainierandValleyForge
VOICEONE:
I’mSteveEmber.
VOICETWO:
AndI’mFaithLapiduswithEXPLORATIONSinVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellabouttwoareasthatarepopularwithvisitorstotheUnitedStates.Oneisaplaceoffiercebeauty.ItisMountRainierNationalParkinthenorthwesternstateofWashington.TheotherisoneofthemostimportantplacesinthehistoryoftheAmericanRevolution.ItisValleyForgeNationalHistoricalPark,intheeasternstateofPennsylvania.
(MUSIC)
VOICEONE:
TheAmericanIndianswholivedinthenorthwestcalledthegreatmountain“Takhoma.”Onetribesaiditwasafemalemonsterthatwouldeatpeople.OtheroldstoriesamongtheIndianssaidthemountaincouldproducehugeamountsoffire.
Inseventeenninety-two,BritishexplorerGeorgeVancouverbecamethefirstEuropeantoseethehugemountain.Henameditafteranavyfriend,CaptainPeterRainier.
TodaythepeoplewholiveinthenorthwesterncityofSeattlecallit“TheMountain.”MountRainierisalmostonehundredkilometersfromSeattle.Yetitcanbeseenfromalmostanyplaceinthecity.Thebeautiful,snowcoveredmountainseemstoofferthecityitsprotection.
VOICETWO:
Themountain’sofferofprotectionisfalse.MountRainierisnotjustamountain.Itisasleepingvolcano.Steamandheatoftenrisefromtheverytopofthehugemountain,causingsnowtomelt.MountRainierisfourthousandthreehundredninety-twometerstall.Itstopiscoveredinsnowallyear.Morethantwenty-fivethickriversoficecalledglacierscoveralotofthemountain.Insomeareas,theseglaciersaremorethanonehundredmetersthick.
VOICEONE:
MountRainieralwayshasbeenapopularplaceto
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