四级模拟考试题目.docx
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四级模拟考试题目.docx
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四级模拟考试题目
大学英语四级考试模仿试题
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedontheoutlinebelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.
当前社会上越来越多人开始在网上购买商品了,对此你有什么看法呢?
1.诸多人开始在网上购买商品
2.网上购物也许存在问题
3.我看法
TheQualityofProducts
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,mark
Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;
NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage;
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
Oneinthreeofuswillgetcanceratsomepointinourlives.Oncesofeareditsnamewaswhispered,thediseaseisnolongeraninevitabledeathsentence.Today,almosttwo-thirdsofthosewhodevelopcancerwillstillbealivefiveyearslater,comparedwithjusthalfin1970s.
CancerhasturnedouttobetoughertocrackthaneveryonehopedwhenU.S.PresidentRichardNixonlaunchedtheWaronCancerin1971.Butdeathratesarefalling,thankstoearlierdetectionoftumors(肿瘤)andimproveduseofexistingtreatments—mainlychemotherapyandradiotherapy.Thesuccesshasbeenbiggestforchildren:
sincethemid-1970s,deathratesfromcancersofchildhoodhavehalved.
Innerworkings.
Akeyreasonwhycancerpatientsarelivinglongeristhatscientistsnowunderstandmoreclearlywhathappenswhencellsturncancerous.Cancerbeginswhengeneswhichnormallycontrolcelldivision,growthandrepairaredamagedthroughmutation(突变).Thesegenescanthencausecellstogrowanddivideuncontrollably,destroyingneighboringhealthycells.
MutationscanarisebychanceerrorsinDNAreplication,andgenescanalsobedamagedbycarcinogens(致癌物质)—suchastobaccochemicals,benzene,andsomefoodadditives—orultravioletlightfromsunshine.Certainvirusescanalsotriggergenemutations,suchasthehumanpapilloma(乳突淋瘤)virusthatcancausecervical(子宫颈)cancer.
Somemutatedgenesareinherited:
twoexamplesareBRCA1andBRCA2,whichtogetheraccountforabout5%ofallbreastcancercases.OthergenessuchasDBC2,EMSYandFAhavebeenimplicatedinovarian,breastandlungcancer.
Onceacellhasturnedcancerous,itdividesuntilamassofcellsformsatumor.Diagnostictestscanquicklydistinguishbetweenmalignant,orcancerous,tumorsandthosethatarebenign,orharmless.Asamalignanttumorprogresses,cellsorclumpsofcellsbreakoffandspread,aroundthebodyviathelymphaticsystemandbloodvessels.
Thelatestgenerationoftreatmentsexploitourknowledgeofwhathappenswithincancerouscells.Thesetargetproteinsandmessengerchemicals—suchasgrowthfactorsorenzymes–thattheerrantcellsneedtosurviveandgrow.
Prevalencepatterns
Indevelopedcountries,thecancermostlikelytoafflictyouisnon-melanomaskincancer,oftencausedbytheSun’sharmfulultravioletrays.Thisisusuallytreatedandcured.Melanoma,adeadlierskincancer,islesscommonbutisincreasingbyaround3%ayearintheU.S.ThoughUVlightisthecauseofmanyskincancers,thereissomeevidencethatsmallamountsmayalsohelppreventothercancers.Inthedevelopingworldthemostcommoncancersarelinkedtoinfectiousagents,suchascervicalcancerorlivercancer,causedbyhepatitis(肝炎)B.
Thebiggestkillerinindustrializednationsremainslungcancer.Formen,lungcancermortalityhasbeenfallingsince1990,mirroringapeakinpopularityofsmokingduringthe1960s.Forwomen,whocommonlytookupsmokinglater,lungcancermortalityisstillrising.TobaccoisalsorapidlybecomingtheleadingcauseofcancerinAsia.
Breastcanceraccountsforalmostoneinthreeofallcancersdiagnosedinwomeneachyear.Formen,prostatecancerisjustascommon,withthehighestratesinAfricanAmericanmenandCaribbeanmenofAfricanorigin.
Screeningforbothofthesediseaseshasimprovedsharply.Earlybreasttumorsshowuponamammogram(乳房X线照片)longbeforetheycanbefeltasalump.Morewomennowsurvivethedisease——three-quartersofwomenwhosebreastcancerwasdiagnosed10yearsagoarestillalivetoday.Similarly,aprostate-specificantigen(PSA)testhasrevolutionizedearlydiagnosisforthiscancerintheU.S.Someexpertsarguethatscreeningcanbeharmful,however.
Factoringinrisk
Dozensoffactorsaffectanindividual'sriskofgettingcancer.Smokingisthebiggestsingleriskfactor——withtobaccolinkedtoaboutathirdofallcancers.
Anotherclearlyestablishedriskfactorisexposuretoionizing(电离)radiation.ThismayberesponsibleforcancersinpeoplelivingaroundChernobylinUkraine,ToikamurainJapanandforpeopleworkinginnuclearpowerplants.Radiationmayalsohaveledtoahighincidenceofcancerinthosewhowitnessedearlynucleartestsorhavebeenincontactwithdepleteduraniummunitions,thougharecentstudyconteststhisrisk.
Riskfactorsfordevelopingbreastcancerinclude:
beingchildlessordelayingchildbearinguntilagedover30,startingperiodsearly,usinghormonereplacementtherapy,beingexposedtooestrogen-like(雌性素类)chemicals,anddrinkingoneormoreunitsofalcoholdaily.Morethanoneriskfactorisusuallyneededbeforecancercellsdevelop.
Risksposedbylivingnearoverheadpowerlinesorpetrolstops,orusingcell-phones,arelessclear.
Preventativesteps
Ifeveryonestoppedsmoking,cancerdeathscouldbecutbyone-third,researchersestimate.Movestoprotectpeoplefrompassivesmoking,inbarsforexample,aregaininggroundinmanyindustrializedcountries.
Stayingoutofsunlightandusingstrongsunscreenscouldpreventhundredsofthousandsofusfromdevelopingskincancerworldwideannually.Foodsrichinantioxidantsandbeneficialfattyacidssuchasomega-3andoleicacidfoundinoliveoil—akeyingredientofthehealthyMediterraneandiet—seemtoprotectagainstsomecancers,althoughthefindingsaremixed.
Doctorscanincreasinglyintervenedirectlytopreventcancers.Forexample,vaccinesagainsthepatitisBcouldsooncutdeathsfromlivercancer.Therearealsopreventivetherapiesthatinterferewiththeproductionofthehormoneoestrogen,implicatedinmanybreastcancers.Doctorsbelievethatitcouldhavetheratesofbreastcancerinwomenwithafamilyhistoryofthedisease.
Allthismeansthat,whilehopesoftotalcureforcancerarestillunrealistic,thediseaseisincreasinglyundercontrol.
注意:
此某些试题在答题卡1上作答;8-10题在答题卡1上。
1、ThebiggestkillerinChinaislivercancer.
2、Someviruseswillgiverisetogenemutations,whichwillresultincancers.
3、Inthe1970s,onlyone-thirdofthosewhodevelopedcancercouldbealivefiveyearslater.
4、Sunbathinghelpsuspreventourselvesfromdevelopingskincancer.
5、Non-melanomaskincancerisadeadlyskincancer.
6、Cancerpatientsarelivinglongerthanbeforebecausescientistsknowmoreaboutcancerouscells.
7、Mutatedgeneswhichareinheritedaccountforabout5%ofallcancercases.
8、Generally,one-thirdofpeoplewillgetcanceratsomepoint____.
9、About____ofallcancershavesomethingtodowithtobacco.
10、Itistruethat____forcancerisstillimpossiblebutthediseaseisincreasinglyundercontrol.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthebestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
注意:
此某些试题在答题卡2上作答。
11、A)ThewomanshouldhavetakenBusNumber15.B)ThewomangotonthebustoGrandTheatre.
C)Thewomanshouldhaveaskedtheconductor.D)Thewomanwasgoingintheoppositedirection.
12、A)ThenexttrainforBostonwillrunabitlatebecauseoftheweather.
B)ThenexttrainforBostonwillrunontimedespitetheweather.
C)ThenexttrainfromBostonwillbelateasitisrainingheavily.
D)ThetrainforBostonwillbelateasitisfoggy.
13、A)Stayathomeandreviewthelesson.B)Stayathomeandhaveagoodrest.
C)Gosomewhereelse.D)Gototheconcert.
14、A)TheTVprogramafterthenewsreport.B)WhetherthereisadocumentaryabouttheMiddleEast.
C)Thenewsheadlinesontoday’snewspaper.D)Theman’sfeelingaboutthedocumentary.
15、A)Atasupermarket.B)Atabakery.
C)Atanice-creamhouse.D)Atarestaurant.
16、A)Alanisverycareless.B)Alanisweakinhealth.
C)Alanhasgoodfriends.D)Alanisdisappointed.
17、A)it'snotworthseeingatall.
B)ItsbetterthanTVprogramsanyway.
C)it'sagoodchangeforsomeonewhostaysathomeforalongtime.
D)it'sabitterrible.
18、A)Shehasapaininherneck.B)Sheisverybusywithwork.
C)Shefeelsweak.D)Sheworksinthelaundry.
Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19、A)Attheairport.B)Atthetravelagency.
C)Attherailwaystation.D)Attheinformationcenter.
20、A)Every24hours.B)Every22andahalfhours.
C)Everymorning.D)Everynoon.
21、A)At11:
40Monday.B)At11:
40Wednesday.
C)At22:
30Tuesday.D)At22:
30Wednesday.
22、A)Thepassengerhasbookedatrainticket.
B)Thepassengerhasbookedaplaneticket.
C)Thepassengerhasn’tdecidedwhetherhewillgobytrainorbyplane.
D)Thepassengerwillcomebacktobookatraintick
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