英语作文特点和替换词.docx
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英语作文特点和替换词.docx
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英语作文特点和替换词
英文作文特点和替换词
(一)英文议论文的结构特点
汉语写作对文章结构的要求不是很高,如开头段应该包括什么、论题句应该在什么时候出现、文章的结尾是否必须总结全文等等。
而英语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨,文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰,开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。
简而言之,英语议论文共有三大特点:
1、观点鲜明的开头;
2、紧扣主题的结尾;
3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。
这三点当中,第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知,因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样也是汉语文章的要求。
但在长时间的学习过程中,这样的要求被很多学生以为是“老土”而得不到足够的重视。
如果将这种思想带到英语议论文写作当中,直接的后果就是中心分散、观点不明确,加上中国学生普遍英文表达能力不强,这些因素就为整篇文章的失败埋下了隐患。
另外,英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首,而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后,在英文应试写作中更加如此。
正因为没有“主题句”的思想,所以中国学生在写英语文章时经常“想到什么,就写什么”,这在英语议论文中是不能接受的。
例如,例内容,换句话说,每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的,其顺序不能颠倒。
(关于段落的衔接,在后面的内容中将详细介绍。
)
(二)中心统一
在中心统一这个问题上,英语议论文和汉语议论文的概念也有所不同。
中国人在写议论文时常常遵循“中庸”的原则,其具体的表现就是认为世界上没有任何事情是绝对的。
当他们在文章中表扬一件事物或一种现象的时候,总要指出其不足;同样,在批评一件事物或一种现象的同时,也总不忘记指出其也有合理之处。
这种做法从道理上来讲并没有什么不妥,但却不符合英语议论文的写作习惯,因为英语作家在写议论文时关注的是自己的辩论技巧和其结果对公众的影响力。
换句话说,如果作者告诉大家两面都有道理也就等于说两面都没有道理,因为读者在读了文章之后仍旧不知道作者的看法是什么,以及自己在这种情况下到底该怎么做。
所以,既然四级考试考的是英语文章,大家就应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯:
表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支持;表示反对就彻彻底底地反对,而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。
以上面的例文1为例,如果作者的观点是“幸运数字是既有道理又无道理的”,这种观点就无法让人接受,因为在英语议论文中,这是典型的中心不统一。
作文替换词
through->intermof/via
operate->manipulate
offspring->descendant
inevitable-dispensable
detail->specific
explain->interpret
obvious->conspicuous
hurt->vulnerable
use->employ/utilize
value->merit
provide->lend->offer
true->accurate
leadingto->contributeto/conduceto/resultin
moreandmore->increasing/growing
hardly->merely->barely
well-known->outstanding
large->miraculous/marvelous
although->albeit/notwithstanding
infact->actually/virtually
want->intendto/tendto/beinclinedto
because->inthat
maybe->probably
tosum->tosummarize/inconclusion
explain->interpret/illustrate
change->alert
chance->alternative
custom->convention/tradition
think->contemplate/muse/meditate/retrospect
arouse->ignite/stimulate/spur/motivate
limit->stress/hinder/hamper
key->crucial/vital/consequential
old->ancient
emphasis->accentuate
devoteto->dedicateto
character->trait/individuality/idiosyncrasy/personality
expect->anticipate
join->participate
delegate->representative
bias->prejudice/discriminate/tendency
thrive->palmy/floushing/prosperity
clash->conflict/collision/rencounter
publicize->propagandize
agreepartly->agreewithreserve
proper->apposite
wantto->desire
bigcity->metropolis
lawmaking->legislation
first->primarily
but->nonetheless/nevertheless
child->juvenile
absorb->assimilate
handin->render
undermine->sap/enervate/debilitate
getintochaos->withchaosensuing
key->pivot/crux
sway->vacillate
fanaticpatriotism->jingoism/chauvinism
persuasive->thorough/sound/specific/convincing
consider->takeintoaccount
vague->gratuitous/unwarranted/oversimplified
1.important=crucial(extremelyimportant),significant(amountoreffectlargeenoughtobeimportant)
mon=universal,ubiquitous(ifsomethingisubiquitous,itseemstobeeverywhere)
3.abundant=ample(enoughandusuallyextra),plentiful(enoughforpeople'sneedsandwants)1
4.stick=adhere,cling(holdonsomethingtightly)1
5.neglect=ignore.(difference:
neglectmeanssomeonehasnotpaidenoughattentiontosomething;ignoremeansnoattention.)
6.near=adjacent(twothingsnexttoeachother),adjoin(thesameasadjacent)'
7.pursue=woo(manwooswoman,old-fashioned),seek(ifyouseeksth,youtrytoobtainit.FORM.AL)
8.accurate=precise(preciseisexactandaccurateinalldetails),exact(correctineverydetail)
9.vague=obscure(unknownorknownbyonlyafewpeople)
10.top=peak,summit
petitor=rival,opponent(especiallyinsportsandpolitics)1
12.blame=condemn(ifyoucondemnsomething,yousayitisverybadandunacceptable)
13.opinon=perspective,standpoint(meanslookingataneventorsituationinaparticularway)
14.fame=prestige(describethosewhoareadmired),reputation
15.build=erect(youcanerectsomethingasbuildings,FORM.AL),establish
16.insult=humiliate(dosomethingorsaysomethingwhichmakes
peoplefeelashamedorstupid)
plain=grumble(complainsomethinginabad-temperedway)
18.primary=radical(veryimportantandgreatindegree),fundamental
19.relieve=alleviate(alleviatemeansyoumakepainorsufferingslessintenseorsevere)
20.force=coercesinto(coercemeansyoumakesomeonedosomethings/hedoesnotwantto),compel
21.enlarge=magnify(magnifymeansmakesomethinglargerthanitreallyis)
plex=intricate(ifsomethingisintricate,itoftenhasmanysmallpartsanddetails)
23.Lonely=solitary(ifsomeoneissolitary,thereisnoonenearhim/her
24.small=minuscule(verysmall),minute,
25.praise=extol(strongerthanpraise),compliment(politeandpolitical)
26.hard-working=assiduous(someonewhoisassiduousworkshardordoesthingsverythoroughly
27.difficult=arduous(ifsomethingisarduous,itisdifficultandtiring,andinvolvesalotofefforts)
28.poor(soil)=barren,infertile(usedtodescribethesoilissopoorthatplantscannotbeplantedonit)
29.fragile=brittle,vulnerable(someonewhoisvulnerableiseasilyhurtemotionallyorphysically)+
30.show=demonstrate(todemonstrateafactmeanstomakeitcleartopeople.)
31.big=massive(largeinsize,quantity,orextent),colossal(usethisword,youemphasizesomethinglarge),tremendous(INFORM.AL)+
32.avoid=shun(ifsomeoneshunssomething,s/hedeliberatelyavoidthatsomethingorkeepawayfromit.)
33.fair=impartial(someonewhoisimpartialisabletogiveafairopinionordecisiononsomething
34.attack=assault(physicallyattacksomeone),assail(attackviolently
35.dislike=abhor(abhormeansyouhatesomethingtoaextremeextentformoralreasons),loathe(dislikeverymuch)!
36.ruin=devastate(itmeansdamagesomethingverybadly,orutterlydestroyit.)
39.always=invariably(thesameasalways,butbetterthanalways)4
40.forever=perpetual(aperpetualstateneverchanges),immutable(somethingimmutablewillneverchangeorbechanged)
41.surprise=startle(itmeanssurpriseyouslightly),astound(surpriseyoutoalargedegree),astonish(thesameasastound)
42.enthusiasm=zeal(agreatenthusiasm),fervency(sincereandenthusiasm)#
43.quiet=tranquil(calmandpeaceful),serene(calmandquiet)!
44.expensive=exorbitant(itmeanstooexpensivethatitshouldbe)
45.luxurious=lavish(impressiveandveryexpensive),sumptuous(grandandveryexpensive
46.boring=tedious(ifyoudescribesomethingtedious,youmeanitisboringandfrustrating)
47.respect=esteem(ifyouesteemsomeone,yourespectandadmirehim/her.FORM.AL)
48.worry=fret(ifyoufretaboutsomething,youworryaboutit)
49.cold=chilly(unpleasantlycold),icy(extremelycold)
50.hot=boiling(veryhot)
51.dangerous=perilous(verydangerous,hazardous(dangerous,especiallytopeople'ssafetyandhealth)/{
52.nowadays=currently
53.only=unique(theonlyoneofitskind),distinctive;
54.stop=cease(ifsomethingceases,itstopshappeningorexisting)
55.part=component(thecomponentsofsomethingarethepartsthatitismadeof)(h
56.result=consequence(theresultsoreffectsofsomething)
57.obvious=apparent,manifest
58.basedon=derivedfromcanseeornoticethemveryeasily)
60.quite=fairly
61.pathetic=lamentable(veryuncomfortableanddisappointing
62.field=domain(aparticularfieldofthought,activitiesorinterest)
63.appear=emerge(comeintoexistence)
64.whole=entire(thewholeofsomething)8
65.wet=moist(slightlywet),damp(slightlywet),humid(verydampandhot)!
66.wrong=erroneous(incorrectorpartlycorrect)
67.difficult=formidable
68.change=convert(changeintoanotherform)
69.typical=quintessential(thiswordmeansrepresentatypicalexampleofsomething)
70.careful=cautious(verycarefulinordertoavoiddanger),prudent(carefuland
sensible)
71.ability=capacity,capability(thesameasability
72.strange=eccentric(ifsomeoneiseccentric,s/hebehavesinastrangeway,or
his/heropinionisdifferentfrommostpeople)
73.rich=affluent(ifyouareaffluent,youhavealotofmoney)
74.use=utilize(thesameasuse)
75.dubious=skeptical(ifyouareskepticalaboutsomething,youhavedoubtsonit.)
76.satisfy=gratify(ifyouaregratifiedbysomething,itgivesyoupleasureand
satisfaction)
77.short=fleeting,ephemeral(ifsomethingisephemeral,itlastsashorttime)
78.scholarship=fellowship
79.angry=enraged(extremelyangry)
80.smelly=malodorous(usedtodescribeanunpleasantsmell)
81.ugly=hideous(ifsomethingishideous,itisveryuglyorunattractive)#
82.attractive=appealing(pleasingandattractive),absorbing(somethingabsorbingcan
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