全国大学四级模拟考试除听力.docx
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全国大学四级模拟考试除听力.docx
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全国大学四级模拟考试除听力
全国大学四级模拟考试
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArt
Classes?
Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
ShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?
1.现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班
2.对这种做法有人表示支持,也有人并不赞成
3.我认为……
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfroma
listofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybefore
makingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletter
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foreachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsin
thebankmorethanonce.
Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Quiteoften,educatorstellfamiliesofchildrenwhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguagetospeakonlyEnglish,and
nottheirnativelanguage,athome.Althoughtheseeducatorsmayhavegood26,theiradvicetofamiliesis
misguided,andit27frommisunderstandingsabouttheprocessoflanguageacquisition.Educatorsmayfearthat
childrenhearingtwolanguageswillbecome28confusedandthustheirlanguagedevelopmentwillbe29,
thisconcernisnotdocumentedintheliterature.Childrenarecapableoflearningmorethanonelanguage,whether
30orsequentially(依次地).Infact,mostchildrenoutsideoftheUnitedStatesareexpectedtobecomebilingualor
even,inmanycases,multilingual.Globally,knowingmorethanonelanguageisviewedasan31andevena
necessityinmanyareas.
ItisalsoofconcernthatthemisguidedadvicethatstudentsshouldspeakonlyEnglishisgivenprimarilytopoorfamilies
withlimitededucationalopportunities,nottowealthierfamilieswhohavemanyeducationaladvantages.Sincechildren
frompoorfamiliesoftenare32asat-riskforacademicfailure,teachersbelievethatadvisingfamiliestospeak
Englishonlyisappropriate.Teachersconsiderlearningtwolanguagestobetoo33forchildrenfrompoorfamilies,
believingthatthechildrenarealreadyburdenedbytheirhomesituations.
IffamiliesdonotknowEnglishorhavelimitedEnglishskillsthemselves,howcantheycommunicateinEnglish?
Advisingnon-English-speakingfamiliestospeakonlyEnglishis34totellingthemnottocommunicatewithor
interactwiththeirchildren.Moreover,the35messageisthatthefamily'snativelanguageisnotimportantor
valued.
A)asset
B)delayed
C)deviates
D)equivalent
E)identified
F)intentions
G)object
H)overwhelming
I)permanently
J)prevalent
K)simultaneously
L)derives
M)successively
N)potential
O)visualizing
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontains
informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.
Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestions
bymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
There’sGoldinThemthereLandfills
[A].InthemovieWALLE,humankindhasleftEarthinabitofamess.Theplanetischokedwithgarbageandallthe
peoplehaveshippedout,leavingrobotWALLEtocleantheplaceupandmakeithabitableagain.Thingsmaynot
bequitethatbadyet,butthere'snodoubtthatweproduceahugeamountofwaste.Evenwithincreasedrecycling,
landfillsitesarefillingupbythedayand-intheabsenceofapluckyrobot-thewasteexpertsofplanetEarthare
workingonthenextbestthing:
landfillmining.
[B].Theideaissimple.Insteadofdisappearingundermountainsofourownwaste,whilepayingthroughthenosefor
diminishingcommodities,whynotdigupandrecyclewhatwehavealreadythrownaway?
[C].Nextweek,industryexpertswillgatherinLondonforthefirstgloballandfillminingconference.Bringingtogether
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environmentalscientists,economistsandlandfilloperators,theone-daymeetingpromisestoshowdelegateshowto
turnwasteinto"garbagegold".
[D].Landfillmininghasbeentriedbefore.Thefirstschemebeganin1953atHiriyagarbagedumpoutsideTelAviv,
Israel,andaimedtoreclaimfine-particlewasterichinmineralstoimprovesoilqualityatlocalfruitfarms.The
landfillclosedin1998,buttherecyclingplantthatremainsonthesitestillproducessoilimproverfromgreenwaste.
Thenduringthe1960sand1970s,ahandfulofsitesintheUSbeganseparatingwastetorecyclethesteelandto
compostfoodscraps.Inthelate1980s,apilotprogrammewassetuptoextractrecyclablesfromasmall,
communitylandfillinthetownofEdinburg,NewYork,andburnthesolidleavingstogenerateenergy.Thispilot
proveduneconomicalbutduringtheoilpricerisingofthe1990sinterestintheeconomicvalueofwastesoared.
Investorsclaimedtosnapupscrapmetalcompanies,onlyforthepriceofcommoditiestodropthroughthefloorin
themid-1990s.
[E].Yetnowthatcommoditiespricesarerisingoncemore,environmentalissuesarehighoneveryone'slistofpriorities
andlandpricesareincreasing,everysquarekilometreisworthtoomuchtouseforlandfill.Raidingthedumpseems
likeagoodideaagain.Thistimetheprospectsaremorepromising.Thankstoadecadeofinnovationbythe
recyclingindustry,thetechnologytoprocesslandfillwasteismorereadilyavailable.
[F].Sowhat'sinalandfillworthrecycling?
Forastart,theaveragelandfillisfilledwithvaluable-andsometimeseven
precious-metals.Aluminium,fromdrinkscans,isjustoneexample.AccordingtoPatrickAtkins,environmental
consultantforprivateequityfundPegasusCapitalAdvisors,anduntilrecentlydirectorofenergyinnovationatUS
aluminiumproducerAlcoa,Americansthrowaway317aluminiumcanseverysecondofeveryday.Aroundhalfof
these,totalling680,000tonnesofaluminiumeachyear,dodgetherecyclingbasketandendupinlandfill.Given
thatthecostofaluminiumpeakedat$2700pertonneinJulythismeansAmericaisburyingupto$1.83billion
worthofmetalperyear.AtkinsestimatesthatthereisnowmorealuminiuminUSlandfillsthancanbeproduced
fromoresgloballyinoneyear.Andit'snotonlyaluminiumthatishidingdowntherewiththeuseddiapersand
grocerybags.OnetonneofscrapfromdiscardedPCscontainsmoregoldthancanbeproducedfrom16tonnesof
ore,hesays.Andtheworldthrowsaway18milliontonnesofelectronicwasteeachyear.
[G].Nowadaysitisrelativelyeasytoseparatethemetalyouwantfromthejunkyoudon'tusingrecyclingtechnologies.
Eddycurrentmagnets,forexample,canavertaluminiumandothermetalsfromaflowingstreamofwaste.Plastic,
too,isbecomingeasiertopickout.Ratherthanthemoreexpensiveprocessofdoingitbyhand,someplasticsorting
plantsarenowusingsomescanners,whichsortdifferenttypesbasedonthespectrumoflighttheyabsorb.And
sincerisingpricesaremakingoilseemlikeanexpensiverawmaterialtoproduceplastics,recyclingexistingplastic
fromlandfillseemssensible.
[H].Metalsandplasticsareonlypartofit,saysWilliamHogland,anenvironmentalengineerattheUniversityof
KalmarinSweden.Allthatsmellyfoodandotherorganicwasterotsdownsoonerorlater.AndastheTelAviv
projectdiscoveredbackinthe1950s,eventhiscanbeworthdiggingup.
[I]."Theearthfractionoflandfillcanbeoneofthemostprofitableascoveragematerial,compostandforlawn
improvement,"Hoglandsays.There'salsoplentyofflammablematerialinlandfills.Onekilogramofthecoarse
earthfraction-containingparticlesgreaterthan50millimetresacross-yieldsbetween6and10megajoules(兆焦)
ofenergy,Hoglandsays,andtheaverageSwedishlandfillhas40milliontonnesofthestuff.Burningthatwasteisa
controversialideabecauseoftoxinsthatmaybereleasedintheprocess.But,Hoglandsays,thankstonew
technologyforcleaningfluegases,Swedenisbuildingnewincinerators(焚烧炉)toprovideheatandlightforlocal
communities.
[J].Soiflandfillsitesare,sometimesliterally,goldmines,whyaren'tcompaniestearingintothemalready?
Foritspart,
Alcoahasinvestedheavilyinstoppingasmanycansasitcanfromreachingalandfill,buthasstoppedshortof
diggingthemupagain."It'snotsomethingwearedoingatthispoint,"saidAlcoaspokesmanKevinLowery."Ifwe
thoughtitwasthemostefficientthing,we'ddoit."
[K].Partofthereasonforthisisthatwhilealuminiumcanberecycledatafractionofthecostofproducingitfromore,
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andusing94percentlessenergy,that'sonlythecaseonceyouhavecollectedthecans.Gettingthemoutoflandfill
ismoreexpensivethanbuyingaluminiumdirectlyfromarecyclingplant.Plusnotwolandfillsitesarethesame.
Eachhasadifferentblendofusefulmaterials,mixedwithallkindsoflessusefulordangerousmaterials.Andwhen
youconsiderthatcompanieswouldlikelywanttominemorethanonesite,coveredperhapsbydifferentstateor
nationalregulations,itstartstolookliketoomuchtrouble.
[L].ReidLifset,anindustrialecologistatYaleUniversitywhohasinvestigatedtheprospectofextractingcopperfrom
landfills,hascometoasimilarconclusion."Withcurrenttechnologyandprices,landfillminingisgenerallynot
economicallyfeasible,"hesays."Thebenefitssuchasrevenuefromsaleofrecoveredmetals,[and]reductionin
regulatorycosts,generallydidnotoutweighthecosts."Inotherwords,theremaybealotofcopperburiedin
landfills,butifcopperisy
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