语法填空答题技巧讲义confidential.docx
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语法填空答题技巧讲义confidential.docx
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语法填空答题技巧讲义confidential
环球雅思学科教师辅导教案
学员编号:
年级:
高三课时数:
3课时
学员姓名:
辅导科目:
英语学科教师:
田志超
授课类型
复习课
星级
★★★★★
教学目的
掌握语法填空的解题技巧
授课日期及时段
教学内容
一、题型分析:
1.纯空格题:
通常考查冠词、介词、代词和连词四类词,一个空格只能填一个单词。
2.用括号中所给词填空:
通常考查动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转换,一个空格可以填一到多个单词。
二、考查的语法:
1、
动词
2、名词有提示词,用括号中所给词填空
3、形容词、副词
4、
代词
5、冠词无提示词,纯空格题
6、介词
7、连词
三、考点突破:
考点一:
冠词
识破关键:
用在名词之前,前面无提示词
知识点考查方面:
定冠词表特指,不定冠词表泛指,an+元音,a+辅音,固定搭配。
常见结构:
用不定冠词:
(1)a/an+可数名词单数
(2)a/an+形容词+可数名词单数
用定冠词:
(1)the+定语+名词+of等介词短语
(2)the+定语+名词+定语从句
(3)the+定语+名词+不定式短语或分词短语
1.Thereoncewereagoatandadonkey…Sothefarmerkilled_______goatandgavethedonkeymedicinemadefromitsheart.
2.WhenIseeachildsubjectto(受制于)thiskindofpressure,IthinkofDonnie.Hewas_______shy,nervousperfectionist.
3.…theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto_______smalltownsome20kilometersaway.
4.Istillremembertaking________visitingfriendfromCanadatoalocalBlackCountrypubforlunch.
5.He’s______amazingsinger,amusicvideodirector,abusinessownerandhe…
6.OnewaythatAmericansdothisiswith_____firmhandshake.
7.Thisis____lawofAmerican-------ofallsuccessfulpeople.
答案:
1.the2.a3.a4.a5.an6.a7the
考点二:
介词
识破关键:
无提示词
知识点考查方面:
介词的基本用法及固定搭配
常见结构:
(1)介词+名词,构成状语或补语
(2)不及物动词+介词,构成动词短语
1.Inshort,Ibelievethatitis______greatusetokeepadiaryinEnglish…
2.WhenItookthemoneyfromhergrandparents,Ilookedback_____thegirl,whowasgivingmethemostoptimistic,largestsmileIhadeverseen.
3.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes______sale.
4.Hewasverytired_______doingthisforawholeday…
答案:
1.of2.at3.On4.From/after
考点三:
代词
识破关键:
无提示词,句子缺少成分,上文中某个名词需要被代指
知识点考查方面:
人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词、指示代词、it的特殊用法
常见结构:
(1)主格:
句首,谓语动词之前
(2)宾格:
动词之后,介词之后
(3)形容词性物主代词:
用在名词之前,翻译成“…的“
(4)名词性物主代词:
后无名词,翻译成“…的“
(5)反身代词:
固定搭配,或从意思上可翻译成某人自己,作宾语或同位语。
(6)指示代词:
this、that、these、those
(7)Itis+形容词/名词+todo/doing/that…it作形式主语
Ithink/feel/findit形容词/名词+todo/doingit作形式宾语
It指代天气、时间、距离等
1.Sherememberedhowdifficult_____wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.
2.Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinmyvillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused______.
3.Ithasbeensaidbefore,butexperiencingitmyselfhasmade________wanttosayitagain:
asmile…
答案:
1.It2.her3.Me
考点四:
并列连词、从属连词
识破关键:
无提示词,两个主谓结构。
知识点考查方面:
并列连词:
and,but,so,or,however,therefore
从属连词:
(1)名词性从句:
连接词:
that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:
what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,
whose,which.
连接副词:
when,where,how,why
(2)定语从句:
关系代词:
who,whom,whose,which,that,as
关系副词:
when,why,how
(3)状语从句:
时间:
when,while,as,before,after,since,assoonas,immediately,directly,themoment,theminute,nosooner…than…,hardly/scarcely…when…,once,till/until,everytime,nexttime.
地点:
where,wherever
条件:
if,unless,aslongas
原因:
because,as,since
让步:
though,although,while,as,eventhough,evenif,whether…or…,nomatter+疑问词
方式:
as,asif,asthough
目的:
sothat,inorderthat,lest,incase,forfearthat
结果:
that,sothat,so…that…,such…that…
比较:
than,as…as,the+比较级,the+比较级
1.Historically,itwasfamousforindustry,whichexplains_________theareaiscalledtheBlackCountry.
2.Itgotitsnameduringtheindustrialrevolution,_______factorypollutionturnedthelocalskiesblackandlocaldustfromtheminesmadethesoilthesamecolor.
3.Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.
4.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluck(拔)upallofhiscropafewinches.
答案:
1.why2.when3.where4.that
考点五:
谓语动词
识破关键:
有提示词,与主语构成主谓结构
知识点考查方面:
九大时态和被动语态、虚拟语气结构、主谓一致
(1)九大时态:
一般现在时do/does表示现在的习惯或状态
一般过去时did表示过去的习惯或状态,过去的动作
一般将来时willdo表示将来的习惯或状态,将来的动作
现在进行时amisare+doing表示现在正在进行或现阶段的动作
过去进行时was/were+doing表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,
过去某个时间段一直进行的动作,
过去某个阶段在进行的动作
现在完成时have/hasdone影响,持续
过去完成时haddone过去两个动作中先发生的动作
现在完成进行时havebeendoing持续,强调进行
过去将来时woulddo立足于过去看将来,间接引语
(2)被动语态:
一般现在时am,is,are+done
一般过去时was/were+done
一般将来时willbedone
现在进行时amisare+beingdone
过去进行时was/were+beingdone
现在完成时have/hasbeendone
过去完成时hadbeendone
过去将来时wouldbedone
(3)虚拟语气结构:
1.If引导的句式结构:
情况
从句谓语动词的构成
主句谓语动词的构成
与现在事实相反
过去式(be用were)
should/would/could/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反
过去式
should+动词原形
were+不定式
should/would/could/might+动词原形
2.常考特殊句式虚拟结构
1.suggest,order,propose,request,require,demand,advise,insist+宾语从句(should)do
2.Itissuggested/advised/ordered/requested/required…+that从句(should)do
3.Myadvice/suggestion/request/requirement/order/proposal…+is+表语从句(should)do
4.Hissuggestion/advice/request/requirement…+同位语从句(should)do+is..
5.Itisnatural/necessary/strange+that从句(should)do
6.wish+thatclause(did/were与现在相反)
7.Itis(high)time+从句(did或shoulddo)
8.wouldrather+从句(did与现在或将来相反);(haddone与过去相反)
9.asif+从句(did/were与现在相反)/(would/could/might+do与将来相反)/(haddone与过去相反)
1.IwascertainshewouldlikeitbecauseI__________(tell)bymyclassmatesthatshelovedhotfood.
2.Hisfearoffailure____________(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.
3.Beingtoanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften__________(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.
答案:
1.Wastold2.Kept3.Results
考点六:
非谓语动词
识破关键:
有提示词,除谓语动词以外的动词形式
知识点考查方面:
(1)现在分词作定语或状语:
表示和逻辑主语之间的主动关系
(2)过去分词作定语或状语:
表示和逻辑主语之间的被动关系
(3)动词不定式作状语:
表目的
1.Wemustalsoconsiderthereactionoftheperson_______(receive)thegift.
2.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft____________(complete)therest!
3.Mypupils,Donnie________(include),adored(崇拜)her.
4.Beforethewaitresscouldevenfinishdescribingthemenu,myfriendlookedatmewithhiseyebrows______(raise).
答案:
1.Receiving2.Tocomplete3.included4.raised
考点七:
词性转换
识破关键:
有提示词,所给词不适用于所缺成分中
知识点考查方面:
(1)介词+冠词+名词
所有格‘s+名词
(2)形容词修饰名词
(3)副词修饰动词、形容词、整个句子
1.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid________(rude).
2.AsfarasIamconcerned,my______________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishwithineasyreach.
3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir___________(nature)course.
4.______________(doubt),althoughthereisstillroomforimprovementtothispolicy,Ithinkitisstillagoodonewhichbringsmoregoodthanharmtothestudentsandthenation.
答案:
1.rudely2.Suggestion3.natural4.Undoubtedly
考点八:
形容词的级
识破关键:
有提示词,出现原级、比较级、最高级或最高级的基本句型或短语结构,或前面出现修饰和限定原级、比较级、最高级的词
知识点考查方面:
(1)基本句型:
原级的基本结构:
Aisas+原级+asB.
比较级的基本句型:
Ais+比较级+thanB.
最高级的基本句型:
Aisthe+最高级+范围
(2)其他句型或短语结构:
比较级:
Which/whois+形容词比较级,AorB?
the+比较级ofthetwo
moreandmore+形容词原级
the+比较级,the+比较级
最高级:
Which/Whoisthe+最高级,A,BorC?
oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数
(3)修饰限定词:
修饰原级的词:
very,so,too,enough,quite
修饰比较级的词:
alittle,abit,agreatdeal,alot,much,even,still,far,rather,any
最高级:
形容词最高级前面加序数词,表示第几最
1.Oneofthe________(bad)giftchoicesIevermadewasformyhighschoolEnglishteacher…
2.…Wewerebothlaughingthewholetimeatourcompleteinability(无能)tocommunicateinwords.Whenitwastimetoleave,Isaid“thankyou”inKorean,usingsomeofthefewwordsIhadlearned.Ifelt______________(lonely)thanIhadexpectedthatnight.
3.LucilleCliftonisanaward-winningpoetandwriter.Criticscallheroneofthe_________(great)writersofourtime.
答案:
1.worst2.Lesslonely3.greatest
2014年高考真题演练:
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?
In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRiverCleveland,Ohio.It__61____(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit____62____(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,earslater,thisriverisoneof_63___mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.
Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays__64____evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork__65______(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris___66_____(clean)thanever.
Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouleaveahabit__67___isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon’tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don’tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?
Whilethereare___68_______(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe___69_______(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70(patience)
答案:
61.was62.actually63.the64.or65.toreduce
66.cleaner67.That/which68.amazing69.changes70.Patient
巩固练习
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31—40的相应位置上。
(1)
AsIthinkbackIrealizehowharditistoviewtheworld____31____theeyesofmychildhood.____32____child’smindisstillfilledwiththeideathatanythingandeverythingispossible.Theyhaven’tbegunbuildingthementalwallsyet.Watchachild____33____(learn)towalkandit’samazing.Nomatterhowmanytimestheyfalldown,theyhopbackup____34____theyinstinctivelyknowthateventuallythey’llbeabletowalk.Theydon’thavetoworrywhat____35____think.Theyhavenoneedtoputupafront(讲面子).Theyarewhotheyare.
Butsomewherealongthelinetheylearntobe____36____(practice).Theircreativityisblockedovertime,astheworld____37____(teach)themtofitin.Eventuallytheydon’tbouncebackasfastwhentheyfail.Learningisnowsomethingyouhavetodo____38____isver
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