名词冠词数词及练习100道.docx
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名词冠词数词及练习100道.docx
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名词冠词数词及练习100道
Nouns(名词)和Articles(冠词)
Nouns(名词)
1名词概述:
表示人名、地名、食物名称以及抽象概念名称的词
E.g.LiuXiang刘翔Shanghai上海chocolate巧克力Expo世博future未来
2名词分类:
名词可以根据其意义分为专有名词和普通名词两大类
1>专有名词:
独一无二的个人、事物、地点、团体、机关、组织或国家等的专有名称
E.g.PrinceWilliam威廉王子Indians印第安人theGreatWall长城Asia亚洲
theChineseCommunistParty中国共产党FIFA国际足联theUnitedStates美国
2>普通名词包括:
个体名词:
student学生dictionary字典panda熊猫
集体名词:
family家庭people人民class班级
物质名词:
tea茶meat肉rain雨butter奶油
抽象名词:
friendship友谊happiness幸福progress进步victory胜利
3名词的数:
可数名词和不可数名词
1>可数名词
A.复数构成规则变化:
1)一般情况下直接在词尾加-s:
book—booksbed—beds
2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词尾加-es:
bus—busesbox—boxesdish—disheswatch—watches
3)以f或fe结尾的词,变f或fe为v,再在词尾加-es:
leaf—leavesknife—knives
4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词变y为i,再在词尾加-es:
city—citescountry—counties
5)以“元音字母+o”结尾的词在词尾加-s;
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词大多在词尾加-es:
hero—heroespotato—potatoestomato-tomatoes
B.复数构成不规则变化:
1)元音发生变化:
foot—feetgoose—geesewoman—womenmouse—mice
2)词尾发生变化:
child—childrenox—oxen
3)单复数同形:
fish—fishsheep—sheepdeer—deercattle—cattle
4)表示“某国人”的名词复数形式
词尾加-s:
German—GermansGreek—GreeksIndian—IndiansRussian—Russians
American—AmericansAustralian—AustraliansCanadian—Canadians
单复数同形:
Chinese—ChineseJapanese—Japanese
将单数名词词尾-man为-men:
Englishman—EnglishmenFrenchwoman—Frenchwomen
5)外来词:
phenomenon—phenomenasoprano—sopranos
6)有些名词只有复数形式:
trousers裤子scissors剪刀clothes衣服compasses圆规
7)复合名词的复数形式
✧把第一个或最后一个词变成复数:
passer-by—passers-by过路人grow-up—grown-ups成年人
story-teller—story-tellers讲故事的人
✧把构成复合名词的两个词都变成复数:
mandoctor—mendoctorswomanteacher—womenteachers
2>不可数名词
A.量的表达
1)在前面加表示数量的短语。
如:
atubeoftoothpaste一支牙膏apieceofnews一则新闻
abottleofink一瓶墨水acupofcoffee一杯咖啡
2)用some,much,alittle,alotof,plentyof,agreatdealof等词修饰,如:
alittlebutteralotoffoodplentyoftimeagreatdealofmoneymuchwater
B.可用复数的情况:
1)表示不同类别时,可用复数。
如:
fishes各种鱼fruits各种水果teas各种茶
2)有些物质名词或抽象名词表达具体的人或事时,可变成可数名词。
如:
coffee咖啡—acoffee一杯咖啡cloth布—acloth一块桌布或抹布
failure失败—afailure失败的人或是事success成功—asuccess成功的人或事
glass玻璃—twoglasses两只玻璃杯chicken鸡肉—achicken一只小鸡
4名词的所有格:
1>’s所有格:
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的名词,
A.如果名词已有复数词尾-s或-es,则只在名词后加“’”,e.g.hisparents’room
但不以词尾-s或-es结尾的复数名词,其所有格仍然要加“’s”,e.g.men’sclothes
B.两人或多人共有一种东西时,只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s,
e.g.ThisisAnnandmysister’sroom.这是安和我的妹妹的房间。
但表示各自所有,则需要在每个名字后加’s
e.g.TheyareJohn’sandNick’sfather.他们是约翰和尼克的父亲。
C.有时所有格’s所修饰的名词可以省略,
e.g.thetailor’s(shop)裁缝店atLi’s(home)在李家
D.’s所修饰的名词若前面已提到,或后面要提起,则往往省略以避免重复,
e.g.HispronunciationismuchbetterthanPeter’s.
John’sisanicecar,too.
2>无生命的名词所有格,结构为“名词+of+名词”,
e.g.thewindowsoftheclassroom教室的窗户thelegsofthedesk桌子腿
有时’s结构也可以转换成of结构,表示强调:
theboy’stoy=thetoyoftheboy
3>双重所有格:
构成“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”,
e.g.afriendofmyfather’s我父亲朋友中的一个
severalfriendsofmine我的几个朋友
In-ClassExercises:
1.A:
Who’sstandingoverthere?
B:
_____?
A.Browns’B.Brown’sC.TheBrownsD.Brown
2.Thisprofessorgavehimoneofthebest_____afterclass.
A.pieceofadviceB.piecesofadvices
C.pieceofadvicesD.piecesofadvice
3.Yourplayis______.
A.agreatsuccessB.greatsuccess
C.greatsuccessesD.agreatpieceofsuccess
4.Gostraight,_____andyou’llfindasignforthetoilet.
A.threeminutes’awayB.threeminutes’walk
C.threeminute’sawayD.threeminute’swalk
5.Ihavethreepenfriends.Oneis____theothertwoare_____.
A.Japanese;AmericaB.Russian;Germany
C.Canada;AustraliaD.English;Frenchmen
6.Linda,I’veboughtmany_____.Nowlet’smakethebirthdaycake.
A.fresheggsB.chocolatemilkC.frozenfoodD.ricedumplings
7._______motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoChengdu.
A.LiLeiandLucy’sB.LiLei’sandLucy’s
C.LiLeiandLucyD.LiLei’sandLucy
8.Wehaveboughttwo_____forthecomingparty.
A.boxofappleB.boxesofapplesC.boxofapplesD.boxesofapple
9.Whodidyouspendlastweekendwith?
A.Palmer’sB.ThePalmer’sC.ThePalmersD.ThePalmer’s
10.Wedecidetogoforafieldtripwithsomefriendsof_____.
A.usB.ourC.oursD.ourselves
CDABDABBCC
Articles(冠词)
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。
冠词分为不定冠词(a,an),定冠词(the),和零冠词
I.不定冠词(a,an)的用法:
1
指一类人或事,相当于akindof
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
2
第一次提及某人某物,非特指
Aboyiswaitingforyou.
3
表示“每一”相当于every,one
Westudyeighthoursaday.
4
表示“相同”相当于thesame
Wearenearlyofanage.
5
人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事
AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwereout.
ThatgirlisratheraLeiFen.
6
quite,rather,many,half,what,such后
Thisroomisratherabigone.
7
so(as,too,how)+形容词之后
Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.
8
固定词组中
acoupleof/abit/onceuponatime/inahurry/
haveawalk…
II.定冠词(the)的用法:
1
表示某一类人或物
Thehorseisausefulanimal.
2
世上独一无二的事物名词前
theuniverse,themoon
3
表示说话双方都了解或上文提到过的人或事
Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?
4
乐器前面
playtheviolin,playtheguitar
5
形容词和分词前表示一类人
thereach,theliving,thewounded
6
表示“一家人”或“夫妇”
theGreens,theWangs
7
序数词和形容词副词比较级、最高级前
Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.
8
国家、党派,江河湖海,山川群岛等名词前
theCommunistPartyofChina,theUnitedStates,thePacificOcean
9
发明物的单数名词前
ThecompasswasinventedinChina.
10
在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代
inthe1990’s
11
单位的名词前
Ihiredthecarbythehour.
12
方位名词,身体部位名词,表示时间的词组前
Hepattedmeontheshoulder.
III.零冠词的用法:
1
专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名、地名前
PekingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air
2
名词前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制
Iwantthisbook,notthatone.
Whosepurseisthis?
3
季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前
March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring
4
表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前
LincolnwaselectedPresidentofAmerica.
5
学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前
Helikesplayingfootball/chess.
6
与by连用表示交通工具的名词前
bytrain,byair,byland
7
以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时
husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight
8
表示泛指的复数名词前
Horsesareusefulanimals.
In-ClassExercises
1.--John,thereis________Mr.Wilsononthephoneforyou.
--I’min____bath.
A.a;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.the;不填
2.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis________partthatitplayedin________IndustrialRevolution.
A.不填;不填B.the;不填C.the;theD.a;the
3.TheWilsonslivein________A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis_______17thcenturycottage.
A.the;/B.an;theC./;theD.an:
a
4.Tomowns_______largercollectionof______booksthananyotherstudentinourclass.
A.the;不填B.a;不填C.a;theD.不填:
the
5.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don’tgoto____hotel:
Icanfindyou________bedinmyflat.
A.the;aB.the;不填Ca;theD.a;不填
6.On________newstoday,therewere_______reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.
A.the:
theB.the;不填C.不填;不填D.不填;the
7.--Whereismyblueshirt?
--It’sinthewashingmachine.Youhavetowear________differentone.
A.anyB.theC.aD.other
8.Anaccidenthappenedat_______crossroadsafewmetersawayfrom_______bank.
A.a;aB.不填;aC.不填;theD.the:
不填
9.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith________animalsof________differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.
A.the;aB.不填;aC.the;theD.不填:
the
10.Abullethitthesoldierandhewaswoundedin________leg.
A.aB.oneC.theD.his
ACDBABCABC
Homework:
I.Nouns:
A.Filltheblanks.
1.Therearelotsof_____________(mouse)inthefield.
2.Thousandsofpeoplelosttheir_____________(life)intheearthquake.
3.Some_____________(child)areflying_____________(kite)neartheriver.
4.Afterthree_____________(month)study,thescientistsworkedoutthephysicsproblem.
5.Tom’sdrawingismuchbetterthananyofhis_____________(classmate).
6.TodayisSeptember10th.It’s___________(teacher)Day.Let’sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.
7.Alotof_____________(deer)areeatinggrassatthefootofthehill.
8.Howmany_____________(people)arethereinyourfamily?
9.Ihavetwo_____________(sister-in-law).
10.Shehasgonetothe_____________(hairdresser)
mice/lives/children…kites/months’/classmates/Teacher’s/deer/people/
sisters-in-law/hairdresser’s
B.MultipleChoice
1.Weneed_____________inournewlaboratory.
AagooddealofequipmentBalargenumberofequipments
CagreatmanyequipmentsDaplentyofequipment
2.Now,manypeopleusethewordMs.insteadofMissorMrs.,forexample,beforethenamesof_____________inbusinessletters.
AwomanmanagerBwomenmanagerCwomanmanagersDwomenmanagers
3._____________roomisbigandbright.Theylikeitverymuch.
ATomandSamBTom’sandSamCTomandSam’sDTom’sandSam’s
4.Mr.Brownwasn’tinhiscar;hewasdriving_____car.
Asomeone’selseBsomeoneelseCsomeoneelse’sDsomeone’selse’s
5.—MayItakeyourordernow?
—We’dlikethreeblack_____________.
AcoffeeBcoffeesCcupsofcoffeesDcupofcoffees
6.Goandhave_____________beforewesetout.
AsleepBagoodsleepCthesleepDsomegoodsleep
7.Iftheshoesaretoosmall,buyabigger_____________.
AoneBpairCcopyDset
8.The_____________isjustaroundthecornerandyouwon’tmissit.
Abicycle’sshopBbicycleshopCbicyclesshopDbicycles’shop
9.—HowisJoy’sskirt?
—Herskirtismorebeautifulthan_____________.
Ahersister’sandKateBhersisterandKate
ChersisterandKate’sDhersister’sandKate’s
10.Therewasasmall_____________ofsugarinthebowel.
AnumberBamountCpartDsize
11.Thereareseveral_____________inthisnovelwhoaredifferentin_____________.
Acharacter;characterBcharacter;characters
Ccharacters;charactersDcharacters;character
12.Theylikethesedishesand_____________.
A.theteacupBthetea’scupCthecupofteaDthecupforthetea.
13._____________foodandequipmentwaskeptinthatcaveduring
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