剑桥8真题阅读解析.docx
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剑桥8真题阅读解析.docx
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剑桥8真题阅读解析
剑桥雅思8-第三套试题-阅读部分-PASSAGE1-阅读真题原文部分:
READINGPASSAGE1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.
StrikingBackatLightningWithLasers
Seldomistheweathermoredramaticthanwhenthunderstormsstrike.Theirelectricalfuryinflictsdeathorseriousinjuryonaround500peopleeachyearintheUnitedStatesalone.Asthecloudsrollin,aleisurelyroundofgolfcanbecomeaterrifyingdicewithdeath-outintheopen,alonegolfermaybealightningbolt'smostinvitingtarget.Andthereisdamagetopropertytoo.LightningdamagecostsAmericanpowercompaniesmorethan$100millionayear.
ButresearchersintheUnitedStatesandJapanareplanningtohitback.Alreadyinlaboratorytrialstheyhavetestedstrategiesforneutralisingthepowerofthunderstorms,andthiswintertheywillbraverealstorms,equippedwithanarmouryoflasersthattheywillbepointingtowardstheheavenstodischargethundercloudsbeforelightningcanstrike.
Theideaofforcingstormcloudstodischargetheirlightningoncommandisnotnew.Intheearly1960s,researcherstriedfiringrocketstrailingwiresintothundercloudstosetupaneasydischargepathforthehugeelectricchargesthatthesecloudsgenerate.ThetechniquesurvivestothisdayatatestsiteinFloridarunbytheUniversityofFlorida,withsupportfromtheElectricalPowerResearchInstitute(EPRI),basedinCalifornia.EPRI,whichisfundedbypowercompanies,islookingatwaystoprotecttheUnitedStates'powergridfromlightningstrikes.'Wecancausethelightningtostrikewherewewantittousingrockets,'saysRalphBernstein,manageroflightningprojectsatEPRI.Therocketsiteisprovidingprecisemeasurementsoflightningvoltagesandallowingengineerstocheckhowelectricalequipmentbearsup.
Badbehaviour
Butwhilerocketsarefineforresearch,theycannotprovidetheprotectionfromlightningstrikesthateveryoneislookingfor.Therocketscostaround$1,200each,canonlybefiredatalimitedfrequencyandtheirfailurerateisabout40percent.Andevenwhentheydotriggerlightning,thingsstilldonotalwaysgoaccordingtoplan.'Lightningisnotperfectlywellbehaved,'saysBernstein.'Occasionally,itwilltakeabranchandgosomeplaceitwasn'tsupposedtogo.'
Andanyway,whowouldwanttofirestreamsofrocketsinapopulatedarea?
'Whatgoesupmustcomedown,'pointsoutJean-ClaudeDielsoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Dielsisleadingaproject,whichisbackedbyEPRI,totrytouselaserstodischargelightningsafely-andsafetyisabasicrequirementsincenoonewantstoputthemselvesortheirexpensiveequipmentatrisk.Witharound$500,000investedsofar,apromisingsystemisjustemergingfromthelaboratory.
Theideabegansome20yearsago,whenhigh-poweredlaserswererevealingtheirabilitytoextractelectronsoutofatomsandcreateions.Ifalasercouldgeneratealineofionisationintheairallthewayuptoastormcloud,thisconductingpathcouldbeusedtoguidelightningtoEarth,beforetheelectricfieldbecomesstrongenoughtobreakdowntheairinanuncontrollablesurge.Tostopthelaseritselfbeingstruck,itwouldnotbepointedstraightattheclouds.Insteaditwouldbedirectedatamirror,andfromthereintothesky.Themirrorwouldbeprotectedbyplacinglightningconductorscloseby.Ideally,thecloud-zapper(gun)wouldbecheapenoughtobeinstalledaroundallkeypowerinstallations,andportableenoughtobetakentointernationalsportingeventstobeamupatbrewingstormclouds.
Astumblingblock
However,thereisstillabigstumblingblock.Thelaserisnoniftyportable:
it'samonsterthattakesupawholeroom.Dielsistryingtocutdownthesizeandsaysthatalaseraroundthesizeofasmalltableisintheoffing.Heplanstotestthismoremanageablesystemonlivethundercloudsnextsummer.
BernsteinsaysthatDiels'ssystemisattractinglotsofinterestfromthepowercompanies.Buttheyhavenotyetcomeupwiththe$5millionthatEPRIsayswillbeneededtodevelopacommercialsystem,bymakingthelasersyetsmallerandcheaper.'IcannotsayIhavemoneyyet,butI'mworkingonit,'saysBernstein.Hereckonsthattheforthcomingfieldtestswillbetheturningpoint-andhe'shopingforgoodnews.Bernsteinpredicts'anavalancheofinterestandsupport'ifallgoeswell.Heexpectstoseecloud-zapperseventuallycosting100,000each.
Otherscientistscouldalsobenefit.Withalightning'switch'attheirfingertips,materialsscientistscouldfindoutwhathappenswhenmightycurrentsmeetmatter.Dielsalsohopestoseethebirthof'interactivemeteorology'-notjustforecastingtheweatherbutcontrollingit.'Ifwecoulddischargeclouds,wemightaffecttheweather,'hesays.
Andperhaps,saysDiels,we'llbeabletoconfrontsomeothermeteorologicalmenaces.'Wethinkwecouldpreventhailbyinducinglightning,'hesays.Thunder,theshockwavethatcomesfromalightningflash,isthoughttobethetriggerforthetorrentialrainthatistypicalofstorms.Alaserthunderfactorycouldshakethemoistureoutofclouds,perhapspreventingtheformationofthegianthailstonesthatthreatencrops.Withluck,asthestormcloudsgatherthiswinter,laser-totingresearcherscould,forthefirsttime,strikeback.
Questions1-3
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.
Writethecorrectletterinboxes1-3onyouranswersheet.
1Themaintopicdiscussedinthetextis
A thedamagecausedtoUSgolfcoursesandgolfplayersbylightningstrikes.
B theeffectoflightningonpowersuppliesintheUSandinJapan.
C avarietyofmethodsusedintryingtocontrollightningstrikes.
D alasertechniqueusedintryingtocontrollightningstrikes.
2Accordingtothetext,everyyearlightning
A doesconsiderabledamagetobuildingsduringthunderstorms.
B killsorinjuresmainlygolfersintheUnitedStates.
C killsorinjuresaround500peoplethroughouttheworld.
D damagesmorethan100Americanpowercompanies.
3ResearchersattheUniversityofFloridaandattheUniversityofNewMexico
A receivefundsfromthesamesource.
B areusingthesametechniques.
C areemployedbycommercialcompanies.
D areinoppositiontoeachother.
Questions4-6
Completethesentencesbelow.
ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes4-6onyouranswersheet.
4 EPRIreceivesfinancialsupportfrom………………………….
5TheadvantageofthetechniquebeingdevelopedbyDielsisthatitcanbeused……………….
6Themaindifficultyassociatedwithusingthelaserequipmentisrelatedtoits……………….
Questions7-10
Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-I,below.
Writethecorrectletter,A-I,inboxes7-10onyouranswersheet.
Inthismethod,alaserisusedtocreatealineofionisationbyremovingelectronsfrom7………………………….Thislaseristhendirectedat8…………………………inordertocontrolelectricalcharges,amethodwhichislessdangerousthanusing9………………………….Asaprotectionforthelasers,thebeamsareaimedfirstlyat10………………………….
Acloud-zappersBatomsCstormclouds
DmirrorsEtechniqueFions
GrocketsHconductorsIthunder
Questions11-13
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?
Inboxes11-13onyouranswersheetwrite
YES ifthestatementagreeswiththeclaimsofthewriter
NO ifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter
NOTGIVEN ifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis
11 PowercompanieshavegivenDielsenoughmoneytodevelophislaser.
12 Obtainingmoneytoimprovethelaserswilldependontestsinrealstorms.
13 WeatherforecastersareintenselyinterestedinDiels'ssystem.
READINGPASSAGE1
篇章结构
体裁
说明文
主题
用激光回击闪电
结构
第1段:
闪电带来的危害
第2段:
科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法
第3段:
先前的闪电回击术介绍
第4段:
火箭回击术的缺陷
第5段:
更安全的激光回击术
第6段:
激光回击术的技术原理
第7段:
激光回击术的缺陷
第8段:
通过实地实验改进激光回击术
第9段:
激光回击术对其他学科也有益处
第10段:
激光回击术的其他用途
解题地图
难度系数:
★★★
解题顺序:
按题目顺序解答即可
友情提示:
烤鸭们注意:
本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变,解题要小心;MULTIPLECHOICE的第三题是个亮点,爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。
必背词汇
1.inflict v.造成
Thestrikesinflictedseriousdamageontheeconomy.罢工给经济造成了重大损失。
2.invitingadj.吸引人的
Thelogfirelookedwarmandinviting.篝火看上去温暖而诱人。
3.propertyn.财产;属性
Thehotelisnotresponsibleforanylossordamagetoguests’personalproperty.
酒店不承担宾客的任何个人财产的丢失或损坏。
aherbwithhealingproperties具有治疗效果的草药
physical/chemicalproperties物理特性/化学特性
4.fund v.资助,投资
Theprojectisjointlyfundedbyseverallocalcompanies.这个项目得到了当地几家公司的联合资助。
government-fundedresearch政府资助的研究
5.backv.支持,帮助
Theschemehasbeenbackedbyseveralmajorcompaniesintheregion.
这个项目得到了该地区几家大公司的支持。
SomesuspectedthattherebellionwasbackedandfinancedbytheUS.
有人怀疑这次叛乱是由美国主使并资助的。
6.discharge v.放电;排出
Bothformsarereadilygasifiedbyelectricaldischargewithoutleavinganytangibleresidue.
两种形态都易被放电气化而不剩任何可触察的残余。
7.emerge v.出现,浮现
Thesunemergedfrombehindtheclouds.太阳从云朵中探出头来。
Eventuallythetruthemerged.真相最终浮出水面。
8.revealv.展现,显示;揭示,泄露
Hemaybeprosecutedforrevealingsecretsaboutthesecurityagency.
他可能会因为泄露国安局机密而遭检控。
Herevealedthathehadbeeninprisontwicebefore.他透露说他曾经坐过两次牢。
9.generatev.使产生
Theprogramwouldgeneratealotofnewjobs.这项计划会创造很多新职位。
Tourismgeneratesincomeforlocalcommunities.旅游业给当地社区带来了收入。
10.surgen.涌流:
猛增
asurgeofexcitement一阵兴奋
asurgeofrefugeesintothecountry
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