届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试英语试题解析版.docx
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届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试英语试题解析版.docx
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届清华大学中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试英语试题解析版
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020年1月测试
英语试卷
本试卷共150分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分)
A
FouroftheOldestBuildingsintheWorld
KnapofHowar
OneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700-3500BCE.Thefarmhouseisoneoftheoldest,still-standingstonehousesinEurope.Itincludestwostonehomeslinkedthroughahiddenpassageandjointwalls.ArchaeologistssayIrishorScottishmonkscouldbethefirstbuildersandresidentsoftheKnapofHowar.Althoughthehouseisstillstanding,theseabandonedplacesaroundtheworldarebettercandidatesforrestoration.
ĠgantijaTemples
TheMegalithicTemplesofMalta,ortheĠgantijaTemples,datebackto3600to3200BCE.ThetwotemplesontheislandofMaltaareUNESCOWorldHeritagesites.It’soneoftheoldestfree-standingmonumentsintheworld.Archaeologiststhinkthetemplewasusedforritualanimalsacrifices.
Shunetel-Zebib
Shunetel-Zebibispartiallystanding,butmostlyinruins.It’sstill,however,oneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworld.TheEgyptiantemplebuiltin2750BCEisofmudandbrick.Ithasanundergroundtombaswellasanabove-groundcomplex.Architecturally,it’sanodtotheEgyptianpyramidssoontocome.
TombofCyrus
Builtin530BCE,theTombofCyrusisoneofIran’sWorldHeritageSitesandoneoftheoldestbuildingsontheplanet.It’salsobelievedtobeoneofthefirstearthquake-protectedstructuresintheworld,accordingtoAtlasObscura.Thebaseisolatingusedonthetombprotectsthemainstructurefrommovingapartfromthefoundation.
1.Whatdothefourbuildingshaveincommon?
A.AllofthemarelocatedinEurope.
B.Allofthemaremadeofstoneandmud.
C.AllofthemareUNESCOWorldHeritageSites.
D.AllofthemwerebuiltbeforethebirthofChrist.
2.Whichofthefourbuildingsmaybethestrongest?
A.KnapofHowar.B.ĠgantijaTemples.
C.Shunetel-Zebib.D.TombofCyrus.
3.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Shunetel-Zebibisearthquakeprotected.
B.TombofCyrushasanundergroundtomb.
C.ĠgantijaTemplesarebuiltbyIrishmonks.
D.KnapofHowarmaybetheoldestbuildingamongthefour.
【答案】1.D2.D3.D
【解析】
这是篇说明文。
短文介绍了世界上最古老的四座建筑。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。
由KnapofHowar中
“OneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700-3500BCE”.ĠgantijaTemples中的“
TheMegalithicTemplesofMalta,ortheĠgantijaTemples,datebackto3600to3200BCE”.
Shunetel-Zebib中的“TheEgyptiantemplebuiltin2750BCEisofmudandbrick”.TombofCyrus中的“Builtin530BCE,theTombofCyrusisoneofIran’sWorldHeritageSitesandoneoftheoldestbuildingsontheplanet”可知,世界上最古老的建筑之一是 霍沃尔小山,它可以追溯到公元前3700-3500年。
马耳他的巨石神庙,或称“甘蒂亚神庙”,可追溯到公元前3600年至3200年。
埃及神庙建于公元前2750年,由泥土和砖块建成。
塞勒斯墓建于公元前530年,是伊朗的世界遗产之一,也是地球上最古老的建筑之一。
所以这四座建筑共同之处是所有这些建筑都是在基督诞出生之前建造的。
故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。
由TombofCyrus中的“It’salsobelievedtobeoneofthefirstearthquake-protectedstructuresintheworld,accordingtoAtlasObscura.Thebaseisolatingusedonthetombprotectsthemainstructurefrommovingapartfromthefoundation”可知,据阿特拉斯·蒙斯卡(AtlasObsura)称,它也被认为是世界上最早的抗震建筑之一。
坟墓上使用的地基隔离层保护主体结构不会从地基上移动。
由此推断出,赛勒斯墓是四个建筑中最结实的建筑。
故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。
由KnapofHowar中的“OneoftheoldestbuildingsintheworldistheKnapofHowar,whichdatesbackto3700-3500BCE”可知,世界上最古老的建筑之一是霍沃尔小山,它可以追溯到公元前3700-3500年。
所以霍沃尔小山是这四幢建筑中最古老的。
故选D项。
B
Inthesummerof2010,DeborahBarrettandherson,Anthony,walkedoutofarestaurantnearthe
Edmontonhighschoolfromwhichhe’dgraduatedtwoyearsearlier.TheyhadvolunteeredtowashdishestheretogiveAnthonysomethingtodo,butwhentheywentout,thesunslicedthroughthecloudsandDeborahhadarealization:
mykidisnotspendinghislifeinadishpit.
Cleaningplatesisn’ttheonlyoptionforhigh-schoolgraduates.ButAnthonyhasautism(自闭症)andismostlynon-verbal,asidefromshortwordsinanswertoyes-or-noquestionsandtheEeeeesoundshemakeswhenhe’sexcited,happyorfrustrated.Onceapersonwithintellectualdisabilitiesagesoutofschool,“There’snolifeforthem,”Deborahsays.Programsend,andjobsareusuallyhumble.
Ashersonenteredhis20s,Deborahthoughtaboutwhathecoulddoandwhatheenjoyed.Amonghislikes:
beingdrivenaroundandcarryingthings,aswellasseeingnewplacesbutnotstayinglong.Maybehecouldbeacourier?
Thecatch:
Anthonydoesn’tmovefast,andcourierjobswouldrequirehissupportstafftobehisdriverandco-worker.
Thatwasn’tanissueforMikeHamm.In2012,hebecameAnthony’snewassistantandembracedtheplanofspendingpartoftheirdaysdeliveringpackagesasateam.ThepaircalledtheirventureAnthonyatYourService,signedafewcustomersandsetoutinHamm’slorry.
Sevenyearslater,boxesawaitingdistributionarepiledontheporchofthehome.Anthony,30,shareswithDeborahandherhusband,David,alawyer.Thecompanynowhastwo-dozendeliveryteams—eachcomprisingacontractorwithanintellectualdisabilityandtheirsupport-workercontractor—inEdmontonandCalgary.
Launchingacompanythatemploys24contractorswithintellectualdisabilities,andallthelogisticsthatcomealongwiththat,wasn’ttheoriginalplan,Deborahsays.Buttherealitiesofdeliverywork—thepeaksandvalleysindemand,thelonghours—meantthatAnthonyandHammcouldn’tshouldertheloadalone.AndthefeedbackshereceivedfromAlberta’sautisticandintellectuallydisabledcommunitiessuggestedtheywantedtoworkforacompanythatunderstoodthem.
RunningAnthonyatYourServicehasbecomeDeborah’sfull-time,andshegaveupherpsychotherapypracticeandthepresidencyofAutismSocietyAlbertaacoupleyearsago.“WhatI’mdoingforAnthonynowhasmademoredifferenceinhislifethananyofthatotherwork,”shesays.“Wewanttocreatejobsforpeoplewithallkindsofabilitiesanddisabilities.”
4.What’sthefutureofthepersonswithintellectualdisabilitiesaccordingtoDeborah?
A.Theywilllosetheirlives.
B.Theywillgetwell-paidjobs.
C.Theywillcleanplatesinrestaurants.
D.Theywillfindithardtofindadecentjob.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“courier”meaninthe3rdparagraph?
A.Accountant.B.Barber.
C.Deliveryman.D.Engineer.
6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Davidlaunchedthecompanyforhisson.
B.Anthony’scontractorsaremainlydisabled.
C.Deborahgaveupheroriginaljobunwillingly.
D.MikeHammisanintellectuallydisabledperson.
7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeDeborahBarrett?
A.Accessible.B.Caring.
C.Humorous.D.Modest.
【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.B
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。
短文报道了Deborah和患有自闭症的儿子Anthony,随着Anthony年龄的增长,Deborah为了Anthony能够更好的生存,创建了“安东尼为您服务”快递公司,公司雇佣的员工主要是患有智能障碍的人。
她为这些患有智能障碍的人创造了良好的就业机会。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。
由第二段“Onceapersonwithintellectualdisabilitiesagesoutofschool,“There’snolifeforthem,”Deborahsays.Programsend,andjobsareusuallyhumble”可知,一旦一个患有智能障碍的人离开了学校,“他们无法生活,”Deborah说。
他们所从事的工作也很不起眼。
所以根据Deborah的说法,患有智能障碍的人的未来是他们会发现很难找到一份体面的工作。
故选D项。
【5题详解】
词义猜测题。
由第四段“In2012,hebecameAnthony’snewassistantandembracedtheplanofspendingpartoftheirdaysdeliveringpackagesasateam”可知,2012年,他成为了安东尼的新助手,并欣然接受了这个计划,他们的一部分时间用来运送包裹。
通过上下文的语境可以判断出,第三段划线的单词“courier”是Deliveryman“送货员”。
故选C项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。
由第四段和倒数第二段“Thecompanynowhastwo-dozendeliveryteams—eachcomprisingacontractorwithanintellectualdisabilityandtheirsupport-workercontractor.Launchingacompanythatemploys24contractorswithintellectualdisabilities”可知,该公司现在有24个送货团队,每个团队由一名患有智能障碍的人和他们的辅助工人组成。
公司雇佣了24名智障员工。
由此推断出,Anthony所雇佣的员工大部分都是残疾人。
故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。
由倒数第二段以及最后一段“AndthefeedbackshereceivedfromAlberta’sautisticandintellectuallydisabledcommunitiessuggestedtheywantedtoworkforacompanythatunderstoodthem.Wewanttocreatejobsforpeoplewithallkindsofabilitiesanddisabilities”可知,Deborah从阿尔伯塔省孤独症和智障社区得到的反馈信息表明,他们希望为一家理解他们的公司工作。
Deborah想为有各种能力和有残疾的人创造就业机会。
所以Deborah能够理解这些智障人的困难,并为他们提供了良好的就业机会。
由此判断出Deborah有同情心的且乐于助人的。
故选B项。
C
Jellyfishareunusualcreatures.They’reneitherfishnorjelly.Someareamongthemostcolourfulcreaturesintheworld,butit’sbesttolookbutnottouchtheseinvertebrates(无脊椎动物).Notonlyaretheyveryfragilecreatures,butmanygiveapainfulsting,andsomeareevendeadly.Whetheryouadmiretheminanaquariumortrytoavoidtheminthewild,youwon’tbeabletogetthesefascinatingjellyfishfactsoutofyourhead.
Here’sajellyfishfactthatmightcomeinhandy:
Thereareseveralnamesforagroupofjellyfish.Theyincludesmack,bloom,andswarm.Choosethewordyoupreferdependingonwhetheryouthinkthejellyfishpacklookslikeagardenofbloomingflowersormorelikeafrighteningpackofstingers,andwhetheryou’readmiringthematanaquariumorifyouandyourfellowsnorkelersaresurrounded.
Jellyfishhavetwomainformsintheirlifecyclethatlookquitedifferentfromeachother.ScientificAmericanexplainsthatanadultjellyfish,calledamedusa,hasabell-shapedbodywithtentacles(触须)flowingdownbelowit.Youngjellyfish,calledpolyps,lookmorelikeseaanemones,withshortertentaclesthatflowupabovethemainbody.Medusasreproducebyreleasingeggs.
MelanieRoberts,SeniorAquaristatSeaWorldOrlando,saysthatthelargestjellyfishintheworldisalion’smanejellyfish.Thebodyofthisbeautifulorangejellycangrowuptothreefeetindiameter.Withits12,000tentaclesthatcangrow120feetlong,Oceana.orgaddsthatthelion’smanejellycomparesinsizetotheplanet’slargestanimal:
thebluewhale.
Regardlessoftheirsize,jellyfisharemostlymadeofwater.Infact,they’reabout95percentwater.Thesecreaturesdon’thavebrains,blood,
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