语法包.docx
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语法包.docx
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语法包
1.简单句结构
主系表
Youaretheoneinmylife.
主谓宾
Iwillloveyouforever.
主谓+间宾+直宾=
主+双宾动词+直宾+to/for+间宾
Iwillgiveyoumypromise.
Canyoudomeafavour?
(接双宾的动词:
teach教,give给,lend借,buy买,send送,owe,tell,order,bring,show)
主谓
Thingschange,peoplechang.
Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.
Otherspropose,Idispose.我主沉浮
主谓+宾+宾补
(宾补:
名副两分形,介短和不定)
TheAmaricanpeopleelectedObamapresidentoftheUSA.
Iwanteverycarstoppedandsearched.
Isawamadmanrunningnaked.
Iwanttomakemyselfknowntoallofyou.
Ifoundmyselfinneedofmoney.
主语:
名词,短语,不定式,动名词,名词性从句。
谓语动词就进原则
Either~or
Neither~nor
Notonly~but~aswell
复谓
Both~and
Thebirdssingbeautifullyinthewoodeverymorning.
Inotonlyhaveangel-likeappearance,buthot-bodyaswell.
2名词性从句
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
主语从句
That引起的主语从句
强调或谓语较长
Thatheshouldhaveignoredtheworkingclasswasnatural.他忽视工人阶级是很自然的。
Thatshebecameanartistmayhavebeenduetoherfather’sinfluence.她成为画家可能是受她父亲的影响
It作为形式主语
Be+形容词+从句
Itisstrangethat奇怪的是
Itisnecessarythat有必要的是
Itisimportantthat重要的是
Itisobviousthat很明显
Itislikelythat可能的是
Itistruethat诚然
Howisitpossiblethatamancanfallsolow?
一个人怎么能堕落到这个地步?
Be+名词+从句
Itiscommonknowledgethat~是常识
Itissurprisethat令人惊奇的是
Itisapitythat遗憾的是
Itisnowonderthat不足为奇的是
Itisamysterythat让人神秘不解的是
Itisashamethat很遗憾
动词(+宾语或状语)+从句
Ithappensthat碰巧
Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起
Itturnedoutthat结果是
Itstruckmethatnobodywasinfavorofthechange.我突然感到没有人赞成这种改变
动词的被动语态+从句
Itisbelievedthat人们相信
Itisknowntoallthat众所周知
Ithasbeendecidedthat已决定
Itmustbepointedoutthat必须指出的是
Itissaidthat据说
表语从句(that常常可以省略)
Thebestthingaboutmygirlfriendisthatshealwaysputherselfinmyshoes.(站在他人的立场考虑)
Thequestionis
Whetherwecanrelyonhim.
Howwecangetintouchwithher.
同位语从句
Mydaughter,Jane,neverdreamedofreceivingaletterfromagirlofherownageinHolland.
Wemuststicktothehopethattomorrowwillbeevenbetter.
Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.
从句在句中充当同位语,跟在抽象名词
Belief相信,fact事实,idea想法,doubt怀疑,news消息,rumor传闻,conclusion结论,evidence证据,suggestion建议,problem问题,order命令,answer回答,decision决定,discovery发现,information消息,opinion观点,possibility,principle原则,truth真理,promise许诺,report报告,thought思想,statement声明
后
WhenreportscameintoLondonzoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theyarenottakenseriously.
Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststhattheearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmer.
必须使用陈述句语序
注意虚拟语气的使用
Ithinkitworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.
It做形式主语,避免出现两个that
只能用whether而不用if的四大情况位于句首
前面有介词
引导表语从句
与werenot连用
IlaterrealizedthatwhatIsaidwasn’texactlywhatImeanttosay.
Thequestionishowwhatwehavelearnedcanbeputintopractice.
Halfofthepeoplewhohaveembarkedonaonehundredmilejourneymayfailbythewayside.行百里者半九十。
定语从句(一个完整的句子充当后置定语)
形容词介词短语定语从句非谓语动词
1.先行词被修饰的对象(名词)
2.关系代词
人who主or宾
Whom宾
Whose定
That主or宾
物which主or宾
That主or宾
Whose定
Theideawhichhavelightedmyway,andtimeaftertimehavegivemenewcouragetofacelifeistruth,goodnessandbeauty.
1that不能用于非限定性定语从句
2只能用that的情况
~先行词即有人又有物
~先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰
~先行词最高级或被最高级修饰
~先行词被theonly,thevery,theright,thelast修饰
~先行词为不定代词all,much,little,something,anything,everything,
none
Isthereanythingthatbelongstoyou?
3当关系代词在从句中做宾语时往往省略
ThemanwhowevisitedyesterdayisMr.Brown
ThemoviewhichwesawlastnightwasAvatar
4theway后接①that②inwhich③*
关系副词
When
1先行词表示时间,如:
time,day,season,age,occasion
2when在从句充当时间状语
3when=介词+which
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.
Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregonewhenlocal5-starhotelscharged6000yuanforonenight.
4先行词可以是抽象的时间
Sheneverforgetherstaytherewhenshefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.
Where
1place,city,town,village,house
2where在从句中充当地点状语
3where=介词+which
Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamilywhere--------------
4先行词可以是抽象地点situation,point,case(race)
IhavereachedapointinmylifewhereIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.
Lifeislikealongracewherewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.
Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaderswhereconsumercomplainshaveresultedinchargesinthelaw.
CSNewOrientalSchoolistheplacewherewefirstmeteachother
长沙新东方是我们彼此第一次见面的地方
Why
1先行词reason
2why在从句中做原因状语
3why=forwhich
4钻石名句thereasonwhy----that------
ThereasonwhyIstudysoharddayandnightisthatIwanttogetadmittedbymyidealuniversity.
Ineverreallyunderstandthereasonwhyhemadesuchaseriousmistake.
我总不太明白他犯这样一个错误的原因
限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句
Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.
Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice
引导非限定性定语从句
As
“正好”“就像”
主从内容一致时用as
NCE,asweallknow,isextremelyusefulinimprovingourallfourskillsinlistening,reading,writingandspeaking.
Asissooftenpointedout,knowledgeisatwo-edgedweaponwhichcanbeusedequallyforgoodorevil.
Asisknowntousall,thewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.
Itisknowntousallthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.
Whatisknowntousallisthatthewhaleisnotfishbutamammal.
Which
若主句从句内容上不一致用which
shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected
shehasmarriedagain,whichwasunexpected
1关系代词vs关系副词
Istillrememberthedayswhichwespenttogether.
Istillrememberthedayswhenweworkedtogether.
2介词+关系代词
ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8yuan.
Jsisamanonwhichyoucandepend.
Thisisthekeywhichyouarelookingfor
Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter
JsrecommendedsomebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.
结论:
介词+关系代词关键在于介词的选择看谓语部分缺少什么介词
从句子整体意思判断
IsthisfactorytheonesomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?
Isthisthefactorythatyouvisitedtheotherday?
1找到先行词
2找到定语从句
3判断所缺成分
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1同位语从句与中心词是等值的关系;定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系
2同位语从句里的that不做语法成分,但一般不省;定语从句里的that在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可省。
3识别秘笈:
同位语从句中去除that,剩余部分仍是完整的句子:
而定语从句中去除that,剩余部分则不是完整的句子。
例:
ThefirstcaseofbirdfluthatwasreportedinThailandcapturedtheattentionofofficialswithWHO.(定语从句)泰国报道的首例禽流感病例受到了世界卫生组织官员的关注。
TherearesignsthatChinaisspeedinguphereconomy.
有迹象表明中国正在加快经济建设的步伐。
4常连接同位语从句的名词有:
newsfaithreportsignbelieffactopinionideasuggestion等。
状语从句
时间状语从句
“----就----”句型:
thesecond,assoonas,nosooner—than,hardly—when,scarcely—when,themoment
When,while,as,before,until,since,after
AssoonasIgetbackhome,I’lltextyou.
Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.
Whenshecomesin,Istoppedeating.
Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.表“当---时”
Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.表对比
Asweweregoingout,itbegantosnow.
强调两个动作紧接着发生
Astimegoes(drag)by,-------------------
随着
Wealwayssingaswewalk.
一边---------一边---------
Iwaswalkingalongtheroadwhen(不能用while)suddenlysomeonepattedmeontheshoulder.
I’msorryyou’vebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometimebeforeBraingetback.过一会儿
时间段+pass+before+句子
SeveralyearshavepassedbeforeItrulyunderstandwhatmyfathersaid.
Theonlyrealfailureinlifeisthefailuretotry.
Amanisnotolduntilhisregretstaketheplaceofhisdreams.
Thefutureknowsnobounds.
原因状语从句
because,for,as,since
用介词表示因果关系
(Tremblewithfear怕得发抖)
Because语势最强,回答,why提问的问题,强调对方不知道这个原因。
MyfrienddislikemebecauseIamhandsomeandsuccessful.
Since和as引导的句子,其原因或理由在说话人看来已太明显。
Sincewedon’thaveclasstomorrow,whynotgooutforapicnic?
For引导的原因句只能后置,表示因果关系。
Changshaisanidealcityforinhabitation,foritenjoysalonghistory,deepculturaldepositsandconvenientmodernfacilities.
Becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto(多亏了)
Owingtotheterribleweather,theflightisconcel.
Thankstoagreatmanypeople’sassistance,thechildreninWenChuanwereabletoreturntoschoolsforstudy.
让步状语从句
尽管althoughthougheventhoughwhile(位于句首)despiteinspiteevenifBe动词位于句首
无论疑问词-evernomatter+疑问词
Nomanloveshisfetters,beitmadeofgold.
Despiteheistiredness,hestill--------
Howeveroutstandingthemanis,hemakesmistakes.
目的状语从句
Inorderto,soastodo
Jsraisedhisvoiceinorderthatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly.
Iarrivedatthecinemaearlysoasnottomissthebeginningofthefilm.
不定式todo表目的
Toacquireknowledge,onemuststudy.
Ieattolivewhileotherslivetoeat.
Incase,forfearthat+(should)+动词原形以免
结果状语从句
Sothat,suchthat,sothat,suchthat
Such(a\an)+adj+名词+that=So+adj(adv)+a\an+名词+that
注意:
名词前有many,much,little,few只能用sothat
Chinaissovastacountrythat-----------------
Parisissucharomanticcitythatwealladmireit.
Youshouldnotmakesomanymistakes.
Youshouldnotsaysuchthings.
Ididn’tplanmytimewell,soIdidn’tfinishtheworkintime.
Theweatherissuch(sohot)thatwecanonlystayinairconditionedplace.
So\such+(倒装)+that+后句
IwassoexcitedthatIcouldhardlysayanything.
SoexcitedwasIthatIcouldhardlysayanything.
Lighttravelssofastthatitissodifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.
Sofastdoeslighttravelthatitissodifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.
Suchishumannaturalthatmanypeoplewouldnotbegratefulforwhattheyhaveuntiltheyloseitandlikewise(与此相似的),theywouldnotbeconsciousofhealthuntiltheyareill.
Suchisthesecrettosuccessthatalittlebitmoreefforts,alittlebitmoredetermination,alittlebitmoreenthusiasmandalittlebitmo
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