届二轮复习完形填空专题解题6大技法指导15页Word解析版.docx
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届二轮复习完形填空专题解题6大技法指导15页Word解析版.docx
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届二轮复习完形填空专题解题6大技法指导15页Word解析版
2019届二轮复习完形填空专题解题6大技法指导
技法1|利用上下文暗示解题
[解题技法分述]
在多数空白前后的上下文中,会出现或多或少的设空依据,就是所谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。
学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示,或顺势对下文进行推测,或逆向对上文进行推导,心中往往能预判出答案,并且在阅读过程中对预想答案不断进行修正。
[经典案例分析]
[例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In1973,Iwasteachingelementaryschool.Eachday,27kids41“TheThinkingLaboratory.”Thatwasthe42studentsvotedforafterdecidingthat“Room104”wastoo43.
Freddywasanaverage44,butnotanaverageperson.Hehadtherarebalanceoffunandcompassion(同情).Hewould45theloudestoverfunandbethesaddestoveranyone's46.
41.A.builtB.entered
C.decoratedD.ran
42.A.nameB.rule
C.brandD.plan
43.A.smallB.dark
C.strangeD.dull
44.A.scholarB.student
C.citizenD.worker
45.A.speakB.sing
C.questionD.laugh
46.A.misfortuneB.disbelief
C.dishonestyD.mistake
解析:
根据首句的“Iwasteaching”可推知,我是一位老师而Freddy应是一名普通的学生,故44空选B;根据第二段的“Hehadtherarebalanceoffunandcompassion(同情).”可知,Freddy在快乐和同情之间有罕见的平衡,由此可推知,遇到高兴的事情时他笑的声音最大,任何人遇到不幸时他是最悲伤的那个人,故45空选D,46空选A。
[例2] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)LarryworkswithTransportDrivers,Inc.Onemorningin2009,Larrywas41along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis42.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.43hegotcloser,hefound44vehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelookandhenoticed45shootingoutfromunderthe46vehicle.Larrypulledover,setthebrakeand47thefireextinguisher(灭火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.
41.A.walkingB.touringC.travelingD.rushing
42.A.passengersB.colleaguesC.employersD.customers
43.A.SinceB.AlthoughC.As D.If
44.A.eachB.anotherC.thatD.his
45.A.flamesB.smokeC.water D.steam
46.A.usedB.disabledC.removed D.abandoned
47.A.gotholdofB.preparedC.tookchargeof D.controlled
解析:
根据第一句话的伏笔TransportDrivers,Inc.用顺势承接法可推知Larry是一位司机,在公路上行进(travel),把货物送到他的一个客户(customer)那里。
故41题和42题答案分别为C和D。
技法2|利用语义逻辑关系解题
[解题技法分述]
文章的段与段、句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系,如:
并列关系、转折关系、递进关系、因果关系、目的关系、解释关系。
完形填空经常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关系的把握。
因此,理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。
[经典案例分析]
[例1] (2017·浙江高考)...Thebooksareineverylanguage—newbooks,ancientbooks,40abookonthehistoryofIraqthatissevenhundredyearsold.
Shehadaskedthegovernmentfor41tomovethebookstoa42place,buttheyrefused.SoAliatookmattersintoherownhands.
40.A.then B.still C.even D.rather
41.A.permission B.confirmation C.explanation D.information
42.A.large B.public C.distant D.safe
解析:
40空所在的句子在语义上表示递进,“有新书、古书,甚至还有700年前有关伊拉克历史的书籍”,故40空选C;42空后有but,应是转折关系,根据“但是他们拒绝了”,可知,她请求过政府的允许,故41空选A。
[例2] (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)...Theytoldhertostay52untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,53shethoughtthecarwasgoingto54.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove55sheinjuredherneck.
52.A.quiet B.still C.away D.calm
53.A.for B.so C.and D.but
54.A.explode B.slipaway C.fallapart D.crash
55.A.asif B.unless C.incase D.after
解析:
53题前说他们让那位女士不要动,而53题后说那位女士担心汽车出状况,前后两部分之间是转折关系,应用but,故选D。
55题说她不应该动,以免(incase)伤了脖子,为目的关系,故选C。
技法3|利用词语习惯搭配解题
[解题技法分述]
完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配,主要考查动词与名词、代词之间,动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。
熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。
[经典案例分析]
[例1] (2017·北京高考)ThereisanemergencyshelterinWinnipegcalled“Hannah'sPlace”,somethingthatHannahisvery
of.Hannah'sPlaceisdividedintoseveralareas,providingshelterforpeoplewhenitissocoldthat50outdoorscanmeandeath.InthemorethanfiveyearssinceHannahbeganheractivities,shehasreceivedalotof51.Forexample,shereceivedthe2007BRICKAwardrecognizingthe52ofyoungpeopletochangetheworld.But53allthis,Hannahstillhasthe54lifeofaWinnipegschoolgirl,exceptthatshepaysregularvisitstohomelesspeople.
Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakinga55intheworld.Youcan,too!
49.A.aware B.afraid C.proud D.sure
50.A.going B.sleeping C.travelling D.playing
51.A.praises B.invitations C.replies D.appointments
52.A.needs B.interests C.dreams D.efforts
53.A.for B.through C.besides D.along
54.A.healthy B.public C.normal D.tough
55.A.choice B.profit C.judgement D.difference
解析:
根据下文的描述,Hannah'sPlace分布在好几个区,为流浪者提供了栖身之处,这是她感到自豪的事情,beproudof为……感到自豪,故49空选C;通过文中的描述可知,Hannah是一个通过自己的努力改变世界的年轻人,makeadifference使有影响,使不同,故55空选D。
[例2] (2017·江苏高考)...46theteachertoldGabrielthathehadagood47andsuggestedthatGabrielgointothemusicstoreroomtoseeifanyoftheinstrumentsthere48him.Therehedecidedtogivethecello(大提琴)a49.Whenhebeganpracticing,hetookitvery50.Buthequicklyfoundthathelovedplayingthisinstrument,andwas51topracticingitsothatwithinacoupleofmonthshewasplayingreasonablywell.
46.A.becauseB.but C.though D.so
47.A.ear B.taste C.heart D.voice
48.A.occurredto B.tookto C.appealedto D.heldto
49.A.change B.chance C.mission D.function
50.A.seriously B.proudly C.casually D.naturally
51.A.committed B.used C.limited D.admitted
解析:
既然是挑选乐器,一定是选能吸引他的,appealtosb.吸引某人,故48空选C;当他发现自己喜欢弹奏这种乐器,就会用心去做,becommittedto致力于,献身于,故51空选A。
技法4|利用词汇复现解题
[解题技法分述]
完形填空的文章虽短,但却是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇,所讨论的是同一主题,所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。
词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中,句子通过这种复现得到了相互衔接。
完形填空的某个空白处的答案可能就是上下文复现的相关词,据此可快速找出正确答案。
[经典案例分析]
[例1](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)ATorontomanisofferingafreeroundtheworldairtickettotherightwoman.But41apply.YoumustbenamedElizabethGallagherandhaveaCanadian42.
JordanAxani,28,saidheandhisthengirlfriend,ElizabethGallagher,bookedheavilydiscountedroundtheworldairticketsinMay,buttheir43endedandhedidnotwantherticketto44.Thetickethadastrictnotransfer(不可转让)45,butsincepassportinformationwasnotrequiredwhen46,anyCanadianElizabethGallaghercan47it.
41.A.benefits B.deposits C.restrictions D.examinations
42.A.origin B.passport C.accent D.friend
43.A.holiday B.marriage C.dream D.relationship
44.A.gotowaste B.cometomind C.goonsale D.comeintoeffect
45.A.policy B.order C.payment D.schedule
46.A.applying B.booking C.checking D.bargaining
47.A.use B.borrow C.choose D.buy
解析:
根据45空后面的passportinformationwasnotrequired可知,当时不需要提供护照信息,只要有护照就能够申请,故42空选B;根据43空前面的bookedheavilydiscountedroundtheworldairticketsinMay可知,在五月订购了一张打折很多的机票,故46空选B。
[例2] (2017·天津高考)...Worriedaboutmyhealth,Itriedmanydifferentkindsof
butnothingworked.IcametobelievethatIcoulddonothingaboutmy18.
WhenIwas50,myweightproblembegantoaffectme19.Ididn'twanttolivetherestofmylifewiththis20weightanymore.
...
27Ibeganmyownpersonalweightprogram,IwasfilledwiththefearthatIwould28thesamedifficultiesthatbeatmebefore.Whilethe29hungovermyhead,therewerealsosignsthatIwasheadeddowntheright30.IsentletterstoeveryoneIknew,tellingthemaboutmyproject.Itworkedperfectly.Donationsbegan31infromhundredsofpeople.
17.A.diets B.drinks C.fruits D.dishes
18.A.height B.ability C.wisdom D.weight
19.A.temporarily B.recently C.seriously D.secretly
27.A.As B.Until C.If D.Unless
28.A.getover B.runinto C.lookfor D.putaside
29.A.excitement B.joy C.anger D.fear
30.A.row B.hallC.path D.street
31.A.breaking B.flooding C.jumping D.stepping
解析:
根据19空前的myweightproblem可判定18空选D;由28空前面的thefear可判定29空选D。
技法5|利用情景排除法解题
[解题技法分述]
完形填空的某些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”或“暗示”的,这时就要求学生对空白前后的情景进行合理想象,然后用排除法确定正确选项,因为四个选项中必有一正确选项。
[经典案例分析]
[例1] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Throughtheyears,I'drunintoformerstudentswhowouldprovide51onoldclassmates.IlearnedthatFreddydidseveraljobsafterhis52fromhighschoolandremainedthesame53personImetfortyyearsbefore.Once,whileworkingovernightatastore,heletahomelessman54inhistruck.Anothertime,he55afriendmoneytobuyahouse.
51.A.assessments B.commentsC.instructionsD.updates
52.A.graduationB.retirementC.separationD.resignation
53.A.daringB.modestC.caringD.smart
54.A.waitB.sleepC.studyD.live
55.A.paidB.chargedC.lentD.owed
解析:
51题并没有伏笔或暗示,但根据情景可知,作者不时地从以前的学生那里听到他们现在的消息,这些消息对作者来说就是学生的不断更新(update)的消息,故51题选D;根据55空的朋友买房,可判定他借给了朋友一些钱,故55题选C。
[例2] (2017·江苏高考)40,oneday,inthemusicclassthatwas41ofhisschool'sstandardcurriculum,hewasplayingidly(随意地)onthepianoandfoundit42topickouttunes.Withasinkingfeeling,herealizedthatheactually43doingit.Hetriedtohidehis44pleasurefromthemusicteacher,whohad45overtolisten.
41.A.partB.natureC.basisD.spirit
42.A.complicatedB.safeC.confusingD.easy
43.A.missedB.dislikedC.enjoyedD.denied
44.A.transparentB.obviousC.falseD.similar
45.A.runB.joggedC.jumpedD.wandered
解析:
音乐课是学校标准课程的一部分,故41题选A;学生在弹奏乐器时老师在辅导学生,45空表示音乐老师已慢慢走(wander)过来听他的弹奏,故选D。
技法6|利用语法和句法结构解题
[解题技法分述]
完形填空会有个别设空是考查在语境中灵活运用所学语法和句法结构的能力,辨析同义词、近义词的能力。
正确分析句子的语法成分和结构,具备扎实的词汇基础知识是解题的关键。
[经典案例分析]
[例1] (2017·北京高考)Later,whenHannahattendedschool,shesawanotherhomelessperson.Itwasawoman,39anoldshoppingtrolley(购物车)whichwaspiledwith40.Itseemedthateverythingthewomanownedwasinthem.ThismadeHannahverysad,andevenmore41todosomething.Shehadbeentalkingtohermotheraboutthelivesofhomelesspeople42theyfirstsawthehomelessman.Hermothertoldherthatifshedidsomethingtochangetheproblemthatmadehersad,shewouldn't43asbad.
39.A.pushingB.carrying
C.buyingD.holding
40.A.goodsB.bottles
C.foodsD.bags
41.A.excitedB.determined
C.energeticD.grateful
42.A.sinceB.unless
C.althoughD.as
43.A.soundB.get
C.feelD.look
解析:
42空考查句法结构,根据其前后的时态,特别是前面的完成时可判定42空状语从句的引导词应选A;43空考查词义辨析,四个选项都可以用作系动词,但此处bad是一种感觉,故43空选C。
[例2] (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Whenwehandedhimthebagof52,helitupandthankeduswith53eyes.WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor54hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotear
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