选修六.docx
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选修六.docx
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选修六
Moudle1SmallTalk
一、重点单词与短语
1.advanceadj.预先的;事先的
n.&v.前进;进展;预付
课文原句:
Ithelpsifyoudoalittleadvanceplanning.
e.g.LettheworldknowmoreaboutChina,letChinaadvancetowardstheworld.
TheyaregoingtostartanadvancedcourseinEnglishinthatinstitute.
Ishouldwarnyouinadvancethatthedatemaybedelayed.
归纳拓展:
advanceon/towardssb./sth.(为了……)前进;行进
inadvance(ofsth.)(时间上)提前;预先(=aheadoftime)
makeanadvanceinsth.某方面有进步
advanceplanning/warning预先的计划/警告
advancedadj.高级的,先进的;年老的;发达的
advancedEnglish/maths高阶英语/高等数学
2.certainadj.有把握的,确定的,肯定的(不作定语);某个,某些(作定语)
课文原句:
HereinEngland,therearecertainquestionsthatyoushouldn’treallyaskpeople...
e.g.Ithinkthere’sabusat8butyou’dbettercalltomakecertain.
I’mnotcertainwhetherthere’sabusserviceonSundays.
ForcertainreasonsI’llbeunabletoattendthemeeting.
归纳拓展:
acertainMr.Zhang某一位姓张的先生
certainbooks某些书
undercertainconditions在一定条件下
becertainof对……有把握
makecertain弄清楚
becertaintodosth.一定会做某事
forcertain肯定地
Itiscertainthat...……是肯定的
toacertaindegree/extent在某种程度上
3.avoidvt.避免
课文原句:
Haveyouevercrossedtheroadtoavoidtalkingtosomeoneyourecognize?
avoid是及物动词,后跟名词、代词或动词-ing。
e.g.Youshouldavoidsuchaperson.
Thedriverbrakedhiscarsuddenlytoavoidaterribleaccident.
Whydidyoutrytoavoidreplying?
Childrenshouldavoideatingunhealthyfood.
4.lack缺乏
课文原句:
Doyouwanttomakemorefriendsbutlacktheconfidencetotalktopeopleyoudon’tknow?
(1)v.缺乏,没有(nothave;tobewithout)
e.g.Welackedfood.(vt.lacksth.)
Hecompletelylacksconscience.(vt.lacksth.)
Theircourageislacking.(vi.belacking欠缺,缺)
Heisnotlackinginintelligence.[belackingin缺乏(某种品质、特点等)]
(2)n.无需要(absence),常与of连用。
e.g.Theplantsdiedthrough/forlackofwater.
Thatwasanotherexampleoftheirlackofexperience.
5.damage损害,损坏
课文原句:
Thatway,youdon’tdamageyourconfidence!
damage可用做动词和名词,此处damage用作动词。
(1)vt.损害,损坏;使受损失
e.g.Theearthquakedamagedseveralbuildings.
(2)n.损坏,损害[U]
damage用作名词意指损伤或降低物的价值,一般是指部分性的损坏。
e.g.Theaccidentdidverylittledamagetoeithercar.
HowmuchmustIpayforthedamage?
注意:
damage的复数形式意为“赔偿费/金”。
e.g.Thecourtawarded£500indamagestotheinjured.
辨析:
damage,destroy与ruin
damage,destroy与ruin都含“破坏、毁坏”的意思。
(1)damage指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等,不一定全部破坏,损坏了还可以修复”。
e.g.Theheavyraindamagedmanyhouses.
(2)destroy指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”。
e.g.Thattownwasdestroyedinabigfire.
(3)ruin现在多用于借喻中,泛指一般的“弄坏了”。
e.g.Heknockedoverabottleofinkandruinedthetablecloth.
6.impressv.铭刻,使感动,给……极深的印象
课文原句:
Alwaysremember-youwon’timpresspeopleifyoutalktoomuch.
impress常见搭配:
(1)impresssb.withsth.
e.g.Thiscountryimpressedmewiththehighspeedofdevelopment.
(2)impressonsb.sth.
e.g.Myfatherimpressedonmethevalueofhardwork.
(3)Whatimpressedmemostis…
e.g.Whatimpressedmemostishishonesty.
(4)makeanimpressiononsb.
e.g.Hishonestymadeadeepimpressiononme.
(5)theimpressionof对……的印象
e.g.What’syourimpressionofShanghai?
(6)havetheimpressionthat(同位语从句)意为“有……的印象”
e.g.Ihavetheimpressionthathedoesn’tsmoke.
词性变化:
impressionn.
7.preparev.
课文原句:
(1)Smalltalkisveryimportantandprepareyouformoreseriousconversations.
(2)Beprepared!
Havesomelow-riskconversationopenersready!
prepare是个常用动词,也是一个多义词。
它既可以作及物动词用,也可作不及物动词用。
现将它的主要用法归纳如下:
(1)prepare作“准备;预备;筹备;制作;配制”解时,可用于以下场合:
①prepare+n./pron.准备……;配药
e.g.Hehaspreparedhislessons.
Afterarrivinghome,shebegantomakeafireandpreparesupper.
Thechemistispreparingamedicine.
Cornisaveryusefulplantwhichcanbepreparedinmanydifferentways.
②preparesb.sth./preparesth.forsb.为某人准备……
e.g.Motherispreparingusameal.
=Motherispreparingamealforus.
Thesecretaryhaspreparedthepresidentalongreport.
=Thesecretaryhaspreparedalongreportforthepresident.
③prepare+todosth.准备做……
e.g.Theyarebusypreparingtogoonvacation.
Afterthediscussiontheypreparedtowriteanarticletoairtheirviews.
④prepare+for(或against)为……做准备
e.g.Thestudentsarebusypreparingforthemid-termexamination.
Thepeasantsarepreparingagainstthedrought.
注意:
prepareagainst用于为灾害、意外不幸或不愉快事件作准备。
(2)prepare作“使(人)作好准备;叫(人)作准备”解时,可用于下述场合:
①prepare+sb.+forsth.
e.g.Hewaspreparinghimselfforthemarathonracethen.
Theteacherpreparedhisstudentsforthecollegeentranceexamination.
②prepare+sb.+todosth.
e.g.Hepreparedhimselftotakeoutalicenseforadriver.
Thenurseispreparingthechildtogotohospital.
(3)过去分词prepared用于系表结构,意思为“为……做好准备;打算”,常用于以下句式:
①beprepared+for(against)
e.g.Theywerepreparedfortheworst.
Iknewtherewereproblems,butIwasnotpreparedforthis.
②beprepared+todosth.
e.g.Theywerepreparedtogotoworkinthecountryside.
Iamnotpreparedtolistentoallyourweakexcuses.
Theywerepreparedtobefriendly.
8.makefriends(with)(和……)交朋友
课文原句:
Doyouwanttomakemorefriendsbutlacktheconfidencetotalktopeopleyoudon’tknow?
e.g.Heisveryfriendly.That’swhyhehasmadesomanyfriendssincehecame.
Theywishedtomakefriendswitheachother,butbothofthemwereshy.
Ifyougoondoingthingslikethis,youwillmakenofriends.(…youwillmakefriendswithnobody.)
9.benervousabout对……感到焦虑、紧张不安
课文原句:
Andareyounervousabouttheideaofbeingatasocialeventinanothercountry?
e.g.Nobodyknowswhatsheisnervousabout.
Idon’tthinkhewillgetnervousaboutdrivingagainonthathighway.Heisboldenough.
10.inaddition除此之外,另外
课文原句:
Inaddition,youneedtoknowhowlongyoushouldstay,andwhenyouhavetoleave.
e.g.Inaddition,Ineedtimetothinkitover.
Inaddition,weshouldnotneglectthateveryonewantsafriendlyandpeacefulsociety.
注意:
inadditionto…意为“除……之外”。
e.g.Inadditiontothesalary,wehaveabonuseverymonth.
11.getusedto习惯于……
课文原句:
Ijustneededafewsecondstogetusedtoyourvoice.
辨析:
be(get)usedtodoing/usedtodo/beusedtodosth.
(1)be(get,become)usedtodoing(变得)习惯于做某事[to是介词,后需用动词的话要用动词-ing形式。
]
e.g.Sheisusedtothiskindofjob.
Inevergotusedtogoingtobedsolate.
(2)usedtodo过去常常(做某事)(但现在已停止)
e.g.Hedoesn’tsmokethesedays,butheusedto.
Theriverinfrontofourvillageusedtobeclean.
Iusedtoplaybadmintonintheafternoon.
(3)beusedtodosth.被用来做某事
e.g.Apencanbeusedtowritewith.
12.have…incommon 有共同之处
课文原句:
Becausetheyusedthisveryusefulsocialtechnique,theyfoundsomethingtheyhaveincommon.
e.g.Thetwinshavealotincommon.(havealotincommon)
Ithinkwehavealotofinterestsincommonabouttheproblem.(havealotof+n.+incommon)
Ihaven’tmuchincommonwithyou.
二、句子解析
1.Ithelpsifyoudoalittleadvanceplanning.
(1)doplanning作计划,准备
doadvanceplanning预先计划一下,预先准备一下
(2)在此句中,“It”指的是ifyoudoalittleadvanceplanning。
e.g.Itwillbeapityifyouhavetoleaveourcompany.
2.Itisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.
Itisestimatedthat…据估计……
常见句型:
itis+adj./动词的过去分词+that….。
在该句型中,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,it是形式主语。
e.g.Itwasreportedthatthebridgewascompletedtwomonthsearlierthanplanned.
Itisunusualthatwehavesuchhotweatherthissummer.
that从句还可以用其他关系词来引导。
e.g.Itisdoubtfulwhethertheywillfinishtheworkontime.
Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowillgo.
Itisstillunknownwhentheconferencewillbeheld.
3.Imagineasituationwheretwostrangersaretalkingtoeachotheraftersomeonetheybothknowhaslefttheroom,orthecaféorparty,etc.
(1)where引导定语从句修饰asituation。
(2)after引导时间状语从句。
(3)theybothknow是定语从句,修饰someone。
因为作宾语,故they前省略了关系代词whom.
三、语法项目——didn’tneedtodo和needn’thavedone的区别
本模块的语法内容为didn’tneedtodo和needn’thavedone,两者有相同和不同之处。
相同点是:
两者都表示过去时间内不必做一件事;不同点是:
didn’tneedtodo表示那件事不必做而且结果也是那件事的确没有做;而needn’thavedone表示虽然那件事不必做但结果是已经做了。
请看一下例句:
1.ItwasSunday.Hedidn’tneedtogotowork.(So,hedidn’tgo.Hestayedhomeorwentsomewhereelse.)
2.Thatyear,hewasyounganddidn’tneedtoserveinthearmy.(Hewasstudyingatschool.)
3.Themanagerdidn’tneedtodosuchthingshimself.(Hisassistantsdidthingslikethatforhim.)
4.Thepoorgirlneedn’thavewaitedintherainforsolong.(Unfortunatelyshedidit.)
5.Youneedn’thavesaidsomuchaboutyourbeinglate.(Youkeptexplaining.)
6.Theyneedn’thavewrittenthelettertotheheadmaster.(Theywrotealettertotheheadmaster,butitwasnotnecessary.)
四、典型例题讲解
1.Though______money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.
A.lacked B.lackingof
C.lacking D.lackedin[春上海卷]
答案:
C
2.Therewasplentyoftime.She______.
A.mustn’thavehurried B.couldn’thavehurried
C.mustnothurry D.needn’thavehurried
答案:
D
单项选择:
1.—Howlongareyoustaying?
—Idon’tknow._____.
A.That’sOK B.Nevermind
C.Itdepends D.Itdoesn’tmatter
2.Canyouthinkoutasituation______thisidiomcanbeused?
A.which B.that
C.where D.withwhich
3.______addition,thedesignermustusuallyselectfurnitureordesignbuiltinfurniture,accordingtothefunctionsthatneedtobeserved.
A.For B.In
C.As D.With
4.—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.
—Thanks.You______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.
A.needn’tdo B.needn’thavedone
C.mustn’tdo D.shouldn’thavedone
5._______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyouremailaccount.
A.Whatisrequired B.whatrequires
C.Itisrequired D.Itrequired
6.Thereusedtobeamapoftheworldo
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