中考阅读理解专题训练.docx
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中考阅读理解专题训练.docx
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中考阅读理解专题训练中考阅读理解专题训练中考阅读理解专题训练序言解题技巧指导1、阅读理解题的解题技巧1如果文长题少,则可以略读的方式先读一遍,而后带着问题去查阅,求得要找的答案。
2如果文短题多,则应先仔细阅读该短文,再去做题。
遇到某个题答不上来时,可带着该问题去查阅有关细节。
3如果问题要求解答数字、人名、地名、时间等,则可直接用查阅的方法来寻求答案,也可先略读而后查阅。
二、阅读理解的三种阅读策略根据不同的阅读目的,同学们应采用不同的阅读策略,主要可使用的阅读策略有快读、跳读和细读。
1快读即快速浏览文章,其目的在于了解文章的大意。
快读时注意力要高度集中,阅读时可不必去记忆细节,遇到个别生词及难句,均大致扫过,以求对全文总体意思有个了解。
在快读时,还要特别注意文章的首句、首段以及结束句、结束段,因为它们往往是对文章内容的概括,读懂它们会有助于对文章大意的理解。
2跳读即根据问题信息有选择地阅读文章的某些段落或某些句子,其目的在于加强阅读的针对性、节约阅渎时间和提高阅读效率。
跳读法尤其适合看了题目后带着问题阅读,即看了文章所设的题目后,带着问题跳读文章,以求找到答题依据。
3细读即认真仔细地阅读文章,目的在于弄清文章的各个细节,从而把握文章的细节内容、判断推测文章的言外之意或对文中的内容作出合乎逻辑的推理判断:
细读时若遇到生词,要根据上下文的意思进行猜测;遇到难句,要根据自己学过的语法知识进行分析。
同时,同学们要注意的是,在大多数情况下,需要细读的不一定是整篇文章,而是文中的部分句子或段落。
三、阅读理解题的解题步骤1通篇略读,了解大意阅读理解的主旨是要求学生通过阅读,理解文章大意。
不管是短文、对话,还是图表,都要先快速地通读一遍,舍弃无关紧要的细节,全力捕捉全文的中心思想。
弄清大意,特别要注意事情的起因、时间、地点、涉及的人物、结局。
为便于快速查找,还可以边阅读边做一些标记。
在阅读过程中,目光要快速移动,千万不要停顿或复视,要对准关键词、句;同时要不断地对内容作出预测,使大脑的逻辑思维、推理判断贯穿于整个阅读的始终。
这样就可以大幅度地节省阅读时间,起到“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”的效果,从而迅速而准确地抓住全文的大意。
2细读全文,注重关键词句针对题目中的问题细读材料,可以缩小阅读范围,迅速找到与问题有关的信息,细读与题目相关联的词、句、段。
在这一过程中,对有关细节可放慢速度,精读有关部分,一边阅读一边归纳,加快做题速度,求得一次性正确的答案。
同学们在逐句的阅读过程中,目光要瞄准短文中的实词,尤其是名词和动词。
同时抓住一些敏感的信息,如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果以及某些词汇、词语等。
一般说来,这些问题会在文章中有交代说明,运用查阅法是不难找到线索的。
3分析信息,确定答案很多阅读理解题的答案一般都可直接在短文中找出,所以在阅读时最好先看清楚下面的题目,记住其中的关键词,然后再在阅读时在文章中寻找这些关键词,这样题目的答案也就容易得出了。
还有些题目的答案需要对文章中所给信息进行简单的比较、计算、分析或归纳后才能得出,这就要求同学们在做题时要认真、仔细,要抓住文章所给的全部信息,准确理解文章意思,不能出现漏读或误渎。
4复读全文,检查答案这是最后一步,也是最重要的一步。
答完题后要核对一下文章和答案,看前后是否一致,意义与语法是否与原文一致,是否合乎逻辑,一旦发现问题,要及时纠正。
四、走出阅读误区
(一)、在做阅读理解题时应注意下面几个方面:
1有时遇到看不懂的难句,读了几遍仍然不懂,可作记号,暂时放下,等其他题全做完了再回来处理。
千万别停在这里冥思苦想,个别生词不会,并不影响你答题。
如果生词和问题有关,可从上下文中猜出大意,所以不必惊慌,更不要放弃。
2不要凭主观印象答题。
做题时一定要排除自身的生活经验和已有的知识干扰,按文章实际反映的情况来选择。
3答题时不要草率,仓促定案。
在未完全读懂的情况下匆忙定案,往往会选错。
如果遇到尚未读懂的地方,可放慢速度,联系上下文帮助理解。
(二)、在阅读过程中应注意下面几个方面:
1采用默读办法,避免唇读一般来说,默读速度大约要比说话的速度快两倍,要提高阅读速度,就必须克服嘴巴蠕动的习惯,养成默读的习惯。
2.采用目视阅读,不要指读同学们最常见的一种阅读毛病是在阅读时为了集中注意力,用手指、铅笔或尺子等指着,一个单词一个单词地读。
这样自然就减慢了阅读速度。
阅读时,注意力应集中在阅读内容上,而不是每个单词上。
3集中注意力,克服回视的习惯阅读时,遇到单词或句子没有看清楚或看不懂,再回过头来看,这是自然的。
但是,有时候即使没有生词和难句,因为不放心已读过的词句,还要回过头来重读,这就养成了回视的不良习惯。
阅读中要尽量避免回视,尽可能提高阅读速度。
4意群阅读有的同学阅读时喜欢以单词为单位,这样的阅读方式不但速度慢,而且也不利于对文章的全面理解。
正确的做法是:
以句子或意群为单位进行阅读,这样不仅可提高速度,而且有利于对文章的整体理解。
Unit1AOften,doctorstellsomepeopletogoondiets(节食).Thedoctorshopethedietswillmakethepeoplefeelbetter.Theyhopethedietswillmakethepeoplehealthy.MrsBrownwasonly28yearsold,butshewasonadiet.MrsBrownwasveryfat.Shewasa168-kilogramheavywoman.Donteatmeat,sweetsandcakes,herdoctorsaidtoher.Imgoingtostophereatingthem,doctor.herhusbandsaid.Thenextmorning,MrsBrownmadeadeliciousbigcake,andcutaverysmallpieceofthecakeandateit.Inafewminutes,shefinishedthecake.Myhusbandisgoingtobeveryangry,shesaid.WhatamIgoingtodo?
Shemadeanothercakeveryquickly,atehalfofthat,andlefthalfonthetable.Herhusbandcamebacklater.Hesawthehalfofthecakeonthetableandwasveryhappy.1.ThedoctortoldMrsBrownnottoeatmeatandcakesbecause().A.MrBrownlikedthemB.meat,sweetsandcakeswouldmakeherfatterC.MrBrowntoldhimtosaysoD.meat,sweetsandcakesarenotgoodfood2.ThenextmorningMrsBrownmadeacakefor().A.herhusbandB.herseffC.herchildrenD.thedoctor3.Whichistrue?
()A.MrBrownatehalfofthecakeandlefttheotherhaftforhiswife.B.MrsBrownatehalfacakethatmorning.C.MrsBrownateonecakeandahalfthatmorning.D.MrsBrowndidnteatanycakesthatmorning.4.MrsBrownmadeanothercakebecause().A.shewasgoodatmakingcakesB.herhusbandlovedcakesC.shewantedtoeatsomemoreD.herhusbandwouldbeangryifheknewshehadeatenthecake5.WhywasMrBrownveryhappywhenhesawthehalfofthecakeonthetable?
()A.Becausehewashungry.B.Becausecakeswerehisfavouritefoodandbeautiful.C.Becausethecakewasdelicious.D.Becausehethoughthiswifebegantostopeatingcakes.BWhenyoufeelsad,tearswillrolldownyourcheeks(脸颊).Whenyouarehappy,especiallywhenyoulaughveryhard,tearsalsowillrolldownyourface.Buttearshaveamoreimportantjobthanshowinghowyoufeel.Tearskeepyoureyescleanandhealthy.Theywashedawaydirt(灰尘)andgerms(细菌)andotherthingsthatgetinyoureyes.Youreyesalsoneedtearstokeepthemwet.Youreyesmustbewetsothattheycanmovesmoothly(光滑地).Youreyesarebusylookinghereandtherealldaylong.Theymovequicklyfromonethingtoanother.Ifyoudidnthavetears,youreyescouldntmove,andsoonyouwouldbeblind.Butwheredothesetearscomefrom?
Undereacheyelid(眼睑)aretinysacs(液囊)calledtearglands.Thatswheretearsaremade.Everytimeyoublinkyoureyes,sometearsarepushedoutoftheseglands.Thetearswashoveryoureyesandsoothe(滋润)them.Whenyourenotlaughingorcryingyourtearsaway,wheredotheygo?
Theygoawaythroughsmallholesinyourlowereyelid.Someoftheseholesleadintoyournose.Manytimeswhenyoucry,thetearsdrip(滴下)downthroughyournose-anditstartstoran.Thedropsthatfallfromyournoseareyourtears.Maybeyoudontlikebaths,butyoureyescantdowithoutthem.1.Thisstorytellsus().A.whypeoplecrypeoplehavetearsB.whypeoplecrywhentheyarehappyC.whatmakespeoplesadD.whypeoplecrywhentheyareunhappy2.Tearshelpyouby().A.fillingupyourtearglandsB.washingyourcheeksandnoseC.washingthingsfromyoureyesD.showinghowyoufeel3.Youprobablygetextratearsinyoureyeswhen().A.itisdarkandrainy.B.itisdustyandwindyC.itishotanddamp(潮湿的)D.itiscold4.Ifyoureyeswerenotwet,youcouldnot().A.lookatthingsasquicklyB.seewithoutyourglassesC.showpeoplewhatyouthinkD.laughorcry5.Ifyoureyesneedtobesoothed,thefirstthingthatmusthappenis().A.yournosemuststarttorunB.youreyesmustblinktomaketearsC.yourtearsmustgointosmallholesinyourlowereyelidD.youreyesmustopenwidelyCMrTurnerlikedfishing.Itwashisfavouritesport.Heoftenfishedforhourswithoutcatchinganything.Butthisdidnotworryhim.Somefishmencouldntcatchfish.Sometimestheycaughtoldbootsorrubbish.MrTurnerwasevenworsethanthefishermen.Henevercaughtanything-notevenoldboots.Afterhespentwholemorningontheriver,healwayswenthomewithanemptybag.Youmustgiveupfishing!
hisfriendssaid,Itsawasteoftime.Buttheydontrealizeoneimportantthing.Imnotreallyinterestedinfishing.Iamonlyinterestedinsittinginaboatanddoingnothingatall.Itcanmakemeforgetthenoiseofthecityandlivequietlyforsometime.healwayssaidtohimself.1.MrTurneralwayswentfishingbecause().A.hecouldsellthefishandgetsomemoneyB.hethoughtitwasagoodsportC.hecouldcookthefishforsupperD.hecouldsitinaboat2.MrTurnerlikedtofish().A.bytheriverB.inaboatontheriverC.intheriverD.withthefishermen3.Healwayswenthomewithanemptybagbecause().A.hecouldntfishatallB.therewerentanyfishintheriverC.hegavethefishtothefishermenD.hedidntpayattentiontofishingatall4.Hisfriendstoldhim()whentheyknewhecouldntcatchanything.A.tolearnhowtofishB.tochangethewayoffishingC.nottofishanymoreD.tobuyfishtoeat5.FromthestoryweknowMrTurner().A.livedinthecountryB.wasagoodfishermanC.wasinterestedinfishingD.dislikedthenoiseofthecityDHappiness(幸福)isforeveryone.Youneedtocareabout(关心)thosepeoplewhohavebeautifulhouseswithlargegardersandswimmingpoolsorthosewhohavenicecarsandalotofmoneyandsoon.Why?
Becausethosewhohavebighousesmayoftenfeellonelyandthosewhohavecarsmaywanttowalkonthecountryroadsattheirfreetime.Infact,happinessisalwaysaroundyouifyouputyourheartintoit.Whenyouareintroubleatschool,yourfriendswillhelpyou;whenyoustudyhardatyourlessons,yourparentsarealwaystakinggoodcareofyourlifeandyourhealth;whenyougetsuccess,yourfriendswillsaycongratulations(祝贺)toyou;whenyoudosomethingwrong,peoplearoundyouwillhelpyoutocorrectit.Andwhenyoudosomethinggoodtoothers,youwillfeelhappytoo.Alltheseareyourhappiness.Ifyounoticethem,youcanseethathappinessisalwaysaroundyou.Happinessisnotthesameasmoney.Itisafeelingofyourheart.Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouarehappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcantbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcantbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallenge(挑战)yourself.Soyoucantalwayssayyouarepoorandyouhavebadluck.Asthesayinggoes,lifeislikearevolving(旋转)door.Whenitcloses,italsoopens,Ifyoueverytakechancetoget,youcanbeahappyandluckyperson.1.Happinessisfor().A.thosewhohavelargeandbeautifulhouseB.thosewhohavecarsC.thosewhohavealotofmoneyD.allpeople2.Whenyoudosomethingwrong,().A.peoplearoundyouwillhelpyouB.youwillhavenochancetochallengeyourselfC.yourclassmateswilllaughatyouD.youwillbehappy3.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
()A.Whenyougetsuccess,yourfriendswillbeveryproudofyou.B.Youcangethelpfromotherswhenyoumakemistakes.C.Youcanstillbeahappypersonevenifyouhavelittlemoney.D.Alltheabove.4.WhydowesayHappinessisnotthesameasmoney?
Because().A.moneyalwaysbringshappinessB.moneydoesntalways,bringhappinessC.everythingcanbeboughtwithmoneyD.onlyrichpeoplehavehappiness5.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.HappinessB.HappyandLuckyC.DoSomethingGoodtoOthersD.MoneyUnit2AFrenchmanwenttoasmallItaliantownandwasstayingwithhiswifeatthehotel.Onenight,hewentoutforawalkalone.Itwaslateandthesmallstreetwasdarkandquiet.Suddenlyhefeltsomeonebehindhim.HeturnedhisheadandsawanItalianyoungmanwhoquicklywalkedpasthim.ThemanwasnearlyoutofsightwhentheFrenchmansuddenlyfoundth
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