初三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解D.docx
- 文档编号:11400759
- 上传时间:2023-02-28
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:26
- 大小:73.46KB
初三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解D.docx
《初三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解D.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解D.docx(26页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
初三英语试题分类汇编阅读理解D
2019-2020年初三英语试题分类汇编-阅读理解D
meditation
Inrecentyears,someschoolshavebeguntointroducemeditation,ormindfulnesstraining,intotheirclassrooms.Duringmindfulnesstraining,studentsmaybeaskedtositquietlyandobservetheirownthoughtsandfeelingstoavoidbeingcontrolledbythem.Mindfulnesstrainingcanhelpstudentsovercomeanxiety(焦虑),controltheirbehavior,andimprovetheirabilitytopayattentioninclass.Studentsareexpectedtolearnhowtomeditateinordertoreducestressanddobetterintheirschoolwork.
Amongschoolsthatalreadyteachmeditation,theresultshavebeenpositive.Inonestudy,teachersreportedthatafterfiveweeksofmindfulnesspractice,theirstudentsweremorefocused.Theyalsoparticipatedmorefullyinclass.AmiddleschoolinSanFranciscoreportedthatastudentmeditationprogramledtohigherattendanceratesandbettergrades.Anotherstudysuggestedthatmeditationhelpedstudentsperformbetterontestsbyimprovingtheirworkingmemoryandreducingtheiranxiety.
Manysupportersbelievethatmeditationtrainingprogramscanalsohelpstudents
overcomestress.Forexamp
le,Headstandisamindfulnesseducationprogramdesignedtohelpstudentsovercomeanxiety.Astudyconcludedthatninety-eightpercentofparticipatingstudentsfeltlessstressedaftertheycompletedtheHeadstandprogram.Inanotherstudy,researchersinNewHaven,Connecticut,followedstudentswhoparticipatedinmeditationandyogaclassesthreetimesaweek.Theyfoundthataftereachclass,participantshadlowerlevelsofcortisol,astresshormone(激素),intheirbodies.
Despitethepositiveresultsseensofar,criticsalsopointoutthatmuchofthecurrentresearchisnotrigorous(严谨的)enough.AssociateProfessorTamarMendelsonagreesthatresearchonmeditationinchildrenisstillinitsearlystages.However,evensheinsiststhatshehasseenthepositiveimpactofmeditationonchildren.Othersexpressworriesthatmeditationisnotavaluableuseofclasstime.Butmanydisagree.DenisePope,aprofessorfromtheStanfordUniversity,says,“Thisissomethingteacherscandoimmediately.Yougetalotofbangforyourbuckandanyonewhoisagainstitisn’tthinkingclearly.”Indeed,additionalstudieswillsurelystrengthenourunderstandingofthebenefitsofmindfulness.
Althoughstillinitsearlystages,researchshowsthatmeditationcanhelpstudentslearntodealwithanxietyandstress.Asanaddedbonus,studentsofmindfulnesstrainingalsoreportbetterconcentrationandgainsintheiracademicperformances.Therefore,meditationshouldbeapartofeverystudent’sschoolday.Participatingin“stillness”canbejustasproductiveasotherschool-relatedactivities.
54.Whydosomeschoolsintroducemindfulnesstrainingintoclasses?
A.Tocontrolstudents’workingmemory.B.Toreducestudents’stressandanxiety.
C.Toincreasestudents’attendancerates.D.Toresearchstudents’thoughtsandfeelings.
55.Whatcanwelearnfromthepass
age?
A.Mindfulnesstrainingisnotavaluableuseofclasstimeatschool.
B.Mindfulnesstrainingismoreproductivethanotherschoolactivities.
C.Studentsfeltmorestressfulafterjoiningyogaclassesthreetimesaweek.
D.Studentspaidcloserattentioninclassafterweeksofmindfulnesspractice.
56.Thewords“alotofbangforyourbuck”inParagraph4probablymean“______”.
A.challengesB.complaintsC.advantagesD.influences
57.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat______.
A.furtherstudieswillprovethebenefitsofmindfulnesstraining
B.studentswillbecomemoretalentedwithmindfulnesstraining
C.doctorswilldoresearchesonthespreadofmindfulnesstraining
D.mindfulnesstrainingdecidesstudents’mentalandphysicalhealth
西城区D
TheRiseofArtificialIntelligence(AI;人工智能)discussesAItechnologyandhowitmightaffecthumansinthefuture,butthefutureisalreadyhere.In2011,America'sFavoriteQuizShowheldacompetitionbetweentwomenandanIBMcomputernamed“Watson”.IBMdescribesWatsonas“atechnologythatunderstandsallformsofdataandalsoreasonsandlearns.”BothmenthoughttheycouldbeatWatson.Instead,thecomputeranditsArtificialIntelligencesoundlybestedbothofthehumanbeings.
ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCEMADESIMPLE
ArtificialIntelligencegenerallyreferstomachineswithhuman-likeintelligence,suchasproblem-solvingandlearning.InordertobeconsideredAI,thecomputermustpasstheTuringtest,namedafterAlanTuring,aBritishmathematicianwhoworkedwiththefirstcomputers.
Inthe1950s,Turingpublishedapaperquestioningwhetheracomputercouldbeusedtotrickhumansintobelievingtheywereinteracting(互动)withanactualhumanbeing.Hefoundthatif30%ofhumanswhointeractedwitha“machine”believedtheywereactuallyinteractingwithahumanbeing,thenthecomputercouldbeconsideredasAI.
AsimpleexampleofAIisApple,sSiri.AskSiritodoanything,fromcallingafriendtobookingadinnertable,andSiricandoit.Siriseemsalmosthuman.Whenyouask,“Areyouareal
person?
”Sirianswers,“Thatisareallypersonalquestion.”
But,justbecauseasystemcanbehavelikehumansdoesnotmeanitcanthinklikehumans.Or,doesit?
JOININGOFHUMAN&MACHINE
Itseemsthatourdevices(设备)willturnintohumans.Ourphonesalreadytellustotakean
umbrellabeforewewalkoutthedoor.Theyvolunteertrafficconditionssoweknowhowlongitwilltaketodrivetowork.
Ourdevicescaninteractwithusinawaythatlookslikearealconversationwithanotherhumanbeing,likewithSiri.ItdoesnotseemcrazyatalltothinkthatAImaybeprogrammedtoactuallythink.Ifithasnotalreadyhappened,itlikelywillhappeninthenearfuture.
HavewecometothetimewhencomputersandAIhavecaughtuptohumanbeings?
Althoughcomputershavetheabilitytomakeourlifebetter,isitpossiblethattheymaycontrolanddestroyhumanbeingsintheend?
WHATTHEFUTUREHOLDS
Itseemsprettyclearthatinthefuture,we'regoingtoseeahuman-machinehybrid.Humanswillbestronger,livelongerandbesmarter.RayKurzweil,acomputerscientist,believesthatwithin50years,thehumansonEarthwillbeabout50to80%robotic.ThereisnoquestionthatAIwillbeapartofeverytechnologythathumanscreate.Willitturnouttobemoreofabenefittohumankindorwillitbeariskandthreaten(威胁到)humanityasweknowit?
IfAIisprogrammedaccordingtoIsaacAsimov's3LawsofRobotics,humanswon,thaveaproblemwithmachines;butforsome,evilAIstillstandsinthewayofapeacefulandsafelifeonearth.
30.ThestoryofcomputerWatsonismentionedheretotellusthat.
A.theageofmachineshascome B.humansmaketheirownenemies
C.AIhasactuallycomeintoourlife D.humansareplayingadangerousgame
31.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat.
A.Turingtestwasdesignedtoexaminethefirstcomputers
B.machinesinteractingwithhumanscanbecalledAI
C.Siricanvolunteertobookadinnertable
D.AIwillhelphumanstobestrongerandsmarter
32.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“ahuman-machinehybrid”probablymean?
A.amachinewithahumanlook B.ahumancreatedbymachines
C.abodypartroboticparthuman D.arobotthatcanbehavelikehumans
33.Thepassageismainlyabout.
A.thehistoryandfutureofAI B.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofAI
C.theexamplesofAI D.thecompetitionbetweenhumansandAI
朝阳区D
Doyouknowsomegreatinventorsandtheirinventions?
Whatfactors(因素)areneededfortheirsuccess?
Well,goodtimingforastart.Youcanhaveagreatideawhichthepublicsimplydoesn’twant…yet.TheItalianGiovanniCaselliinventedthefirstfax(传真)machineinthe1860s.Althoughthequalityisexcellent,hisinventionquicklydiedacommercial(商业的)death.Itwasnotuntilthe1980sthatthefaxbecameverycommonineveryoffice…toolateforGiovanniCaselli.
Moneyalsohelps.TheFrenchmanDenisPapin(1647-1712)hadtheideaforasteamengine(蒸汽机)almostahundredyearsbeforethebetter-rememberedScotsmanJamesWattwasevenborn…butheneverhadenoughmoneytobuildone.
Youalsoneedtobepatient(ittookscientistsnearlyeightyyearstodevelopalightbulbwhichactuallyworked)…butnottoopatient.Inthe1870s,ElishaGray,aprofessionalinventorfromChicago,developedplansforatelephone.Graysawitasnomorethan“abeautifultoy”.However,whenhefinallysentdetailsofhisinventiontothePatentOffice(专利局)inFebruary,1876,itwastoolate.Almostthesameinventionhadarrivedtwohoursearlier…andtheyoungmanwhosentit,AlexanderGrahamBell,willalwaysberememberedastheinventorofthetelephone.
Ofcoursewhatyoureallyneedisagreatidea—butifyouhaven’tgotone,awalkinthecountryandacarefullookatnaturecanhelp.TheSwissscientist,GeorgedeMestral,hadtheideaforVelcro(魔术贴)whenhefoundhisclothescoveredinstickyseedpodsafterawalkinthecountry.DuringasimilarwalkintheFrenchcountrysidesome250yearsearlier,ReneAntoineFerchaultdeReaumurhadtheideathatpapercouldbemadefromwoodwhenhefoundanabandonedwasps’nest(蜂巢).
Youalsoneedgoodcommercialsense.WillyHiginbothamwasascientistdoingnuclear(核能的)researchintheBrookhavenNationalLaboratoryinUpton,USA.In1958thepublicwereinvitedtoanexhibitionintheLaboratorytoseetheirwork,butbothparentsandchildrenweremoreinterestedinatiny120cmscreenwithawhitedotwhichcouldbehitbackandforthovera“net”usingabuttonandaknob.Soonhundredsofpeoplewereignoringtheotherexhibitstoplaythefirstevercomputergame—madefromasimplelaboratoryinstrumentcalledan“oscilloscope”.Higi
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 初三 英语试题 分类 汇编 阅读 理解
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)