计算机科学导论课后问答.docx

计算机科学导论课后问答.docx

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计算机科学导论课后问答

CHAPTER1

1.Explainthefivepartsofaninformationsystem.Whatpartdopeopleplayinthissystem

Aninformationsystemhasfiveparts:

people,procedures,software,hardwareanddata.

People:

Areenduserswhousecomputertomakethemselvesmoreproductive.

Procedures:

Specifyrulesorguidelinesforcomputeroperations.

Software:

Providesstep-by-stepinstructionsforcomputerhardware.

Hardware:

Processesthedatatocreateinformation.

Data:

Consistofunprocessedfactsincludingtext,numbers,imageandsounds.

Peoplearethemostimportantpartofanyinformationsystem.

2.WhatissystemsoftwareWhatkindsofprogramsareincludedinsystemsoftware

Systemsoftwarehelpsthecomputermanageitsowninternalresources.Itincludesthreekindsofprograms:

operatingsystems,utilitiesanddevicedriversprograms.

3.Defineandcomparebasicandspecializedapplicationsoftware.Describesomedifferenttypesofbasicapplicationsoftware.Describesometypesofspecializedapplications.

Basicapplicationsarethekindsofprogramstobeconsideredcomputercompetent.Specializedapplicationsaremorenarrowlyfocusedonspecificdisciplinesandoccupations.

Basicapplicationshavesometypes,suchasbrowser,wordprocessor,spreadsheet,andsoon.

Alsospecializedapplicationshavemanytypes,someofthebestknownaregraphics,audioandvideo,multimedia,Webauthoring,andartificialintelligenceprograms.

4.Describethedifferenttypesofcomputer.WhatisthemostcommontypeWhatarethetypesofmicrocomputers

Therearefourtypesofcomputers:

supercomputers,mainframecomputers,minicomputers,andmicrocomputers.

Supercomputersarethemostpowerfultypeofcomputer.

Mainframecomputersoccupyspeciallywired,air-conditionedrooms,theyarecapableofgreatprocessingspeedsanddatastorage.

Minicomputersarerefrigeratorsizedmachines.

Microcomputersaretheleastpowerful,yetthemostwidelyusedand

fastest-growing,typeofcomputer.

Microcomputersarethemostcommontypeofcomputers.

Therearefourtypesofmicrocomputers:

Desktopcomputers,Notebookcomputers,HandheldcomputersandPDA.

5.WhatisconnectivityHowarethewirelessrevolutionandconnectivityrelated

WhatisacomputernetworkWhatistheInternetWhatistheWeb

Connectivityisthecapabilityofyoumicrocomputertosharetheinformationwithothercomputers.

Wirelessrevolutiondramaticallyaffectconnectivity.

Acomputernetworkisacommunicationssystemconnectingtwoormorecomputers.Internetisthelargestnetworkintheworld.

TheWebprovidesamultimediainterfacetothenumerousresourcesavailableontheInternet.

CHAPTER2

1.DiscusstheusesoftheInternet.WhichactivitieshaveyouparticipatedinWhichonedoyouthinkisthemostpopular

ThemostcommonusesoftheInternetarethefollowing:

communicating,shopping,searching,entertainment,education,andsoon.Ihaveparticipatedinalmostallofthem.Ithinkcommunicatingisthemostpopular.

2.Explainthedifferencesbetweenthetwomostcommontypesofproviders.

ThetwomostcommontypesofprovidersareNationalandwireless.

Nationalserviceprovidersprovideaccessthroughstandardtelephoneconnections.WirelessserviceprovidersprovideInternetconnectionsforcomputerswithwirelessmodemsandawidearrayofwirelessdevices.

3.Whatarethebasicelementsofane-mailmessage

Atypicale-mailmessagehasthreebasicelements:

header,messageandsignature.

4.WhatissocialnetworkingDescribethethreetypesifsocialnetworkingsites.

Socialnetworkingisthegroupingofindividualsintospecificgroups.Therearethreebasiccategoriesofsocialnetworkingsites:

reuniting,friend-of-a-friendandcommoninterest

Reunitingsitesaredesignedtoconnectpeoplewhohaveknownoneanotherbuthavelosttouch.

Friend-of-a-friendsitesaredesignedtobringtogethertwopeoplewhodonotknowoneanotherbutshareacommonfriend.

Commoninterestsitesbringtogetherindividualsthatsharecommoninterestsorhobbies.

5.Describethedifferenttypesofsearchengines.Givenanexampleofthetypeofsearcheachengineisbestfor.

Therearethreetypesofsearchengines:

crawler-basedsearchengines,metasearchenginesandspecializedsearchengines

Crawler-basedsearchengines,suchasGoogle,createtheirlistingsautomatically.

Metasearchenginesareprogramsthatautomaticallysubmityoursearchrequesttoseveralenginessimultaneously.Themetasearchenginesreceivestheresults,eliminatesduplicates,ordersthehits,andthenprovidestheeditedlisttoyou.oneofthebestknownisDogpile.

Specializedsearchenginesfocusonsubject-specificWebsites.suchasEnvironment.

CHAPTER3

1.Explainthedifferencebetweengeneral-purposeandspecial-purposeapplications.

General-purposeapplicationarewidelyusedinnearlyeverydisciplineandoccupation.Theyincludewordprocessors,spreadsheets,databasemanagementsystemsandpresentationgraphics.

Specializedapplicationincludesthousandsofotherprogramsthataremorenarrowlyfocusedonspecificdisciplinesandoccupations.

2.Discussthecommonfeaturesofmostsoftwareprograms.Describethenewinterfacetowhat-ifanalysis

MostapplicationsuseaGUI,usewindowstodisplayinformation,andhavemenustopresentcommands.

3.WhatisthedifferencebetweenafunctionandaformulaHowisaformularelatedtowhat-ifanalysis

Aformulaisaninstructiontocalculateorprocess.Functionsareprewrittenformulas.Aformularelatedtowhat-ifanalysisiscalledrecalculation.

4.WhatarepresentationgraphicsprogramsHowaretheyused

Presentationgraphicsareprogramsthatcombineavarietyofvisualobjectstocreateattractive,visuallyinterestingpresentation.Peopleinavarietyofsettingandsituationsusepresentationgraphicsprogramstomaketheirpresentationsmoreinterestingandprofessional.

5.WhatisthedifferencebetweenanintegratedpackageandasoftwaresuiteWhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesodeach

Anintegratedpackageisasingleprogramthatprovidesthefunctionalityofawordprocessor,spreadsheet,databasemanager,andmore.Theprimarydisadvantageofanintegratedpackageisthatthecapabilitiesofeachfunctionarenotasextensiveasintheindividualprograms.Theprimaryadvantagesarecostandsimplicity.

Asoftwaresuiteisacollectionofseparateapplicationprogramsbundledtogetherandsoldasagroup.Itissignificantlylessexpensivetobuyasuite

ofapplicationsthantobuyeachapplicationseparately

CHAPTER4

1.Describegraphics,includingdesktoppublishers,imageeditors,illustrationprograms,imagegalleries,andgraphicssuites.

Graphicsarewidelyusedtoanalyzedataandtocreateprofessional-lookingpresentations;Desktoppublishersfocusonpagedesignandlayoutandprovidegreaterflexibility;Imageeditorsareprogramsforcreatingandeditingbitmapimages;Illustrationprogramsareusedtocreateandtoeditvectorimages;Imagegalleriesarelibrariesof

electronicimages.Theseimagesareusedforawidevarietyofapplicationsfromillustratingtextbookstoprovidingvisualinteresttopresentations;

Graphicssuitesaresomecompaniescombiningtheirseparategraphicsprogramsingroups.

2.Discussaudioandvideoeditingsoftware.

Audioeditingsoftwareallowsyoutocreateandeditaudioclips,mostsoftwareallowyoutoaddaudioeffectstoyourtracks.Videoeditingsoftwareallowsyoutoreorganize,addeffects,andmoretoyourdigitalvideofootage.

3.WhatismultimediaHowaremultimediapresentationsdeveloped

Multimediaistheintegrationofallsortsofmediaintoonepresentation.The

creationofinteractivemultimediapresentationsfollowsseveralsteps:

Plan,Design,CreateandSupport.

4.DescribeWebauthoring,includingWebsitedesignandWebauthoringprograms.

CreatingasiteiscalledWebauthoring.Awebsitedesignisaninteractivemultimediaformofcommunication,designingawebsitebeginswithdeterminingthesite'soverallcontent,theoverallsitedesigniscommonlyrepresentedinagraphicalmap.Morespecializedandpowerfulprograms,calledWebauthoringprograms,aretypicallyusedtocreatesophisticatedcommercialsites.

5.Discussthreeareasofartificialintelligence.

Thethreeareasofartificialintelligencearevirtualreality,knowledge-basedsystemsandrobotics.Virtualrealityisanartificial,orsimulated,realitygeneratedin3-Dbyacomputer.Knowledge-basedsystemsareatypeofartificialintelligencethatusesadatabasetoprovideassistancetousers.Roboticsisthefieldofstudyconcernedwithdevelopingandusingrobots.

CHAPTER5

1.Describesystemsoftware.Whatarethefourtypesofsystemprograms

Systemsoftwareworkswithendusers,applicationsoftware,andcomputerhardwaretohandlethemajorityoftechnicaldetails.Itconsistsoffourtypesofprograms:

operatingsystems,utilities,devicedriversandlanguagetranslators.

2.WhatarethebasicfunctionsofeveryoperatingsystemWhatarethethreebasicoperatingsystemcategories

Thebasicfunctionsofeveryoperatingsystemare:

managingcomputerresources,providingauserinterface,andrunningapplications.Thethreebasicoperatingsystemcategoriesare:

embedded,networkandstand-alone.

3.ExplainthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenWindows,MacOS,andLinux.

Windowsisbyfarthemostpopularmicrocomputeroperatingsystemtoday.ItcomesinavarietyofdifferentversionsandisdesignedtorunwithIntelandIntel-compatiblemicroprocessors.MacOSisnotnearlyaswidelyusedasthe

Windowsoperatingsystem.Itisapowerful,easy-to-useoperatingsystemthat

ispopularwithprofessionalgraphicdesigns,desktoppublishers,andmanyhomeusers.WhileWindows,theMacOSarepro