Youarewhatyoueat人如其食社会学论文英文原创.docx
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Youarewhatyoueat人如其食社会学论文英文原创.docx
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Youarewhatyoueat人如其食社会学论文英文原创
“Youarewhatyoueat”(VictorLindlahr).Doesthefoodthatyoueatreflectwhoyouare?
Oriswhoyouareaneffectofwhatyoueat?
Usingtwocasestudiesfromyourcurrentdiet,discusstherelationshipbetweenfoodandidentity.
1.Introduction
Withtheprogressofglobalization,importanceofpeople’slocalidentityandglobalidentityrapidlybecomeprominent.Inabroadsense,localidentitymeansindividualsregardthemselvesasawholewithlocalcommunities,andglobalidentityreferstoindividualsseethemselvesasawholewithpeopleallaroundtheworld1.Basedonrelevantliteratureandtheresearcher’sownlifeexperience,likeotheridentities,localidentityandglobalidentitycanco-existwithinanindividual,whichmeansanindividualcanowntwokindsofidentitiessimultaneously.
Fooddonotjusthavethefunctionofsatisfyingone’shunger,duetothedifferencesinreligion,geography,economy,cultureandsoon,foodineachplace,groupornationhasdifferentcharacteristics,whiletheseuniquenessjustreflectpeople’suniquebackgroundsandidentities.AsLindlahrpointsout,“youarewhatyoueat”,thesetwoidentitiescanbefullyandfaithfullyreflectedfromone’sdiet2.
Inthispaper,theresearcherarguesthatfoodpeopleeatdoreflectwhotheyare.Twocasestudiesfromtheauthor’scurrentdietwillbeanalyzedtoprovethecloserelationshipbetweenfoodandpeople’slocal/globalidentity.
2.AcasestudyofChinesedumpingandlocalidentityofChineseChinesedumplingshavethesocialeffectofChinesepeople’sidentity.Itisnotjustakindoffood,butalsobelongstotheculturalfieldinwhichChineseconstructidentityandstrengthensocialrelationship.MaterialcultureanddietarybehaviorwiththecoreofdumplingisanimportantpartofChinese
1Ritzer,George.TheMcDonaldizationofsociety6.PineForgePress,2010.30.
2Lindlahr,VictorHugo.YouAreWhatYouEat.BorgoPress,1980.1.
people’sidentity.
DumpingisarepresentativecookedwheatenfoodinChina.SinceitsbirthinHanDynasty,ithaslinkedcloselytoChinesepeople’sdiet3.Afterover2000yearsofdevelopment,theuniquefolkcultureofdumplingshasformed.Dumplings’effectandpositioninChinesedietarycultureandfolkculturecannotbereplacedbyanyotherpopularauspiciousfood4.Characteristicsofdumplingsincludethinskin,fullfilling,uniqueshape,freshanddelicioustaste.Rawmaterialsofdumplingsincludeallkindsofmeatsandvegetableswithnumerousmixesandmatches,plusthecookingprocessofboilingmakesverylittlenutrientloss,theyreallyconformtotheessenceofChinesedietaryculture,whichisthegreatcombinationofcolor,aromaandtaste.Asafolkfoodwithaverylonghistory,dumplingsenjoygreatpopularityamongChinesepeople.DuringtheSpringFestivals,dumplingsarealsoakindofindispensabledelicacy.AsatypicalnorthernChinese,theresearcherhasadeepaffectionfordumping.
Intheresearcher’shometown,oneveryChineseNewYear'sEve,familieswillgettogetherandenjoyabigmeal.Onthatday,makingandeatingdumplingsisanindispensablecontentofthefestival.Inordertocoordinatethefestiveair,someconventionsaboutthedumplinghavecomedowntilltoday.Forinstance,intheresearcher’sfamily,peopleusuallyrandomlypackafewcandies,peanuts,datesandcoinsinsomeofthedumplings.Familymemberswhopickcandiessymbolizetheywillhaveamoresweetlifeinthenewyear;whilethosewhofindpeanutsintheirdumplingsmeantheywillbehealthyandlongevous;peoplewhoeatdatesmeanstheywillhavenewbabiessoon;ifapersonfindsoutacoininhisorherdumpling,itmeansthispersonwillbeveryluckytomakealotofmoneyinthenewyear.
Chinesedumplingsandlocalidentityhaveaverycloserelationship.MakingandeatingdumplingshasbecomeasignificantsymbolofChinese’sidentity,
3Avieli,Nir."Roastedpigsandbaodumplings:
festivefoodandimaginedtransnationalidentityinChinese–Vietnamesefestivals."AsiaPacificViewpoint46.3(2005):
281.
whilesuchidentityisnotjustaconsensusofChinesepeople,butalsoanimportantmarktorepresenttraditionalandcontemporaryChineseculture.ValueofthedumplingisitscontentandformcontainvaluesofChinesesociety.Firstly,ancientChinesebelievedthatsoulsfromdivinityandtheirancestorsdominatedeverythingintheirlife,eventoday,modernChinesestillthinkthesesoulscanatleastblessthem5.Therefore,peopleactivelyholdalltypesofritualactivities.Theythinkgodsandancestorswillcertainlylikewhattheylike,sotheyusuallyconsecratemuchfoodduringritualactivities.Asthedumplingisadeliciouscuisine,itappearsatalmostallritualoccasions.SuchexchangeseemstobeequalandreasonabletoChinese,nowthattheygivegodsandancestorsthebestfood,godsandancestorswillinturngivethemwealthandhappiness.
Secondly,thedumplingisacarrierofemotionaltransmissioninChinesepeople’ssocialcontact.Whenpeopletreatguests,theyusuallyusedeliciousfoodtoexpresstheirsinceritytofriendship.Orinotherwords,aplateofhotandtastydumplingsisenoughtofullyexpresspeople’sdeepfriendship,andthereisnoneedforanylanguage.ThisisbecausemostChinesedonotliketousedirectwordstoshowtheiraffections,sotheyjustadoptthisimplicitway6.Whilethe“inclusiveness”impliedindumplingseemstobemoreappropriatetoshowtheirinnerworld.Asaresult,thedumplingisanidealcarrierforemotionalexchange.SuchimplicitexchangewaymaybeoneoftheuniqueemotionalexpressionwaysofChinesenation.
Thirdly,thedumplingisalsoanidealformtoshowChinesepeople’saestheticview.AfeatureofChinesefolkactivitiesisthegroupment7.Forexample,theSpringFestivalisagreatopportunityforfamilyreunion.Whenpeopleusethedumplingtoexpressideologicalcontent,theyalsomakejudgmentsonthelookofthiscarrier.Thoughduringthattime,dumplingsarenotartworks,families
5Mintz,SidneyW.,andChristineM.DuBois."Theanthropologyoffoodandeating."Annualreviewofanthropology(2002):
100.
6Anderson,EugeneNewton.Everyoneeats:
Understandingfoodandculture.NYUPress,2014.15-16.
stilltendtousetheirownaestheticstandardtojudgethem,suchaswhethertheshapeiselegant,whetherthemakingmethodisexquisite,whetherthetasteisfirst-class,whetherthecookingisproper.Unconsciously,theseactivitiesalsobecomegoodchangesforpeopletoshowtheircookingtalent.Sometimes,eventhequalityofdumplingmakingbecomesakeyparttoshowpeople’spiousmindforblessingsfromgodsandancestors.Intheresearcher’sfamilies,allfamilymemberswouldparticipateinthefamilycontestofdumplingmaking,peoplealwaysgetalotfunthroughit.Suchunmeantcompetitionisactuallyaninitiativeactiontocreatebeauty,aswellasareasonforthelong-lastingprosperityofChinesedietaryculture8.Moreover,italsorevealsChinesepeople’spureandunadornedaesthetictasteandtheirconsistentpursuitforabeautifullife.
TheresearcherhascometoAustraliaforoverthreeyearsandgotusedtolocalfestivals,howeverthesignificanceofChinesefestivalsbecomesevenlargerforhim.TheSpringFestivalisstilllookedforwardbytheresearchereveryyear.OnChineseNewYear’sEve,eveniftheresearchercouldnotgotbacktoChina,hestillheldabigpartywithhisChinesefriendsinAustraliaandmakingdumplingswasavitalactivity.Allinall,dumplingsonNewYear’sEveareasymbolofChineseidentity.Italwaysremindstheresearcherthatnomatterwhereyouare,youarealwaysadescendantoftheChinesenation.
3.AcasestudyofMcDonald'sandglobalidentity
WhentheresearcherwenttoAustraliaforthefirsttime,theresearcherhadnoideawhattoeatbecauseofthehugedifferencesbetweenChinesefoodandAustralianfood.TheresearcherfinallychosetohavemealsatanearbyMcDonald'srestaurantbecauseMcDonald’sishighlystandardizedaroundtheworld.Thereisnoscriptthere,staffdoeverythingtotallywithaccuratemachinesandtheoperationmanual.Besides,whentheyservecustomers,theyalsouseafullsetofstandardizedskills.Therefore,customerswouldfeel
veryrelaxedinanyMcDonald’srestaurantintheworldbecausetheyareaccustomedto“routines”ofthisinternationalfastfoodchain9.AftertheresearchergotusedtothelifeinAustralia,theresearcherstillvisitsMcDonald’sveryoften,mostlyduringbusydays.McDonald’salwaysservefoodwithinoneminute,sotheresearchercouldsavemuchtimeinwaiting.Besides,packagesofthesefoodareverysimple,sotheresearchercouldfinishthemealquickly.
Inaword,theresearcherbelievesthatMcDonald’sreallyprovidespeoplemuchconvenienceinthisfast-pacedsociety.LikesomeotherfastfoodbrandslikeKFC,BurgerKingandPizzaHut,ithasbecomeanimportantpartinmodernurbanpeople’sdiet,especiallytheyounggroup.Moreover,italsoreflectspeople’sglobalidentityinthecontextofglobalization.
ThereisnowonderthattheEconomistoncedevelopedasetof“BigMacindexes”tomeasurethepricelevelinallcountries10.ItisbecauseMcDonald’sisindeedasymbolofglobalization.Almosteverycountryandregionhasitschainrestaurantsandthetastesarealmostthesameineachchainrestaurant.Fortourists,immigrantsandoverseasstudents,itmaybethemostfamiliarplaceinthestrangeenvironment.ThisismaybethelargestachievementofMcDonald’sduringits74yearsofhistory11.Foodisacoreofanindividual’sidentity,whichisusuallycloselyconnectedwithfamily,cultureandnation.Asaforeignheterogeneouselementto
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