届二轮复习 阅读理解专题主旨大意题 学案.docx
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届二轮复习 阅读理解专题主旨大意题 学案.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题主旨大意题学案
主旨大意题
真题感悟(完成每个语段后的选择题。
)
(一)学通法——把握主旨大意3
方法
(一)寻找主题句
[典例1] Honey(蜂蜜)fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,butitisalsodelicious.Mostpeopleandmanyanimalslikeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees'nest(巢)andtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.
Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewax(蜂蜡)inthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees'nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.
Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeeatingthewax,butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.
1.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.WildBees B.WaxandHoney
C.BeekeepinginAfricaD.HoneyLover'sHelper
[典例2] WhenIwasaboytherewerenosmartphones,andourtelevisiononlygotonechannelclearly.Still,Ineverfeltbored.Thefields,hillsandwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplaygroundwhoseadventureswereonlylimitedbymyimagination.Icanrememberoncehikingtonearbylakeandwalkingslowlyaroundit.AtthebackofitIwasamazedtofindanolddirtroadthatIhadneverseenbefore.Itwasfullofmuddytyre(轮胎)tracksanddeepwoodsbordereditonbothsides,butexploringitstillseemedlikeafineadventure.
Iwalkedonandonforwhatseemedlikehours.Iwassuremyguardianangelwaswhisperinginmyears“turnaroundandheadbackhome”,butIwasstubbornandwalkedon.Therewasstillneitheracarnorahouseinsight.InoticedthatthesunwasstartingtogodownandIgrewscared.Ididn'twanttoenduptrappedonthisroad,andIwasworriedthatitwouldbedarkbeforeIcouldmakemywaybacktothelakeagain.
Icontinuedtowalkonwithsomethinggrowinginsideofme.Myheartwaspoundingandmylegswereaching.IwasalmostintearswhenIsawsomethinginthedistance.ItwasahousethatIrecognized.Ijumpedupanddownandlaughedoutloud.Itwasstilloveramileaway,butmylegsfeltlikefeathersandIhurriedbacktomyhouseinnotime.Iwalkedinwithabigsmileonmyfacejustintimefordinner.ThenIendedmyadventurewithagoodnight'ssleep.
Ioftenthoughtofthatexperiencerecently.Actually,inourlife,allroads,nomatterhowtheytwistandturn,canleadushomeagain.Theycanleadustoourhomesinourhearts.Mayyoualwayswalkyourpathwithlove!
Mayyoualwayshelpyourfellowtravelersalongtheway!
Andmayyourroadsalwaysleadyouhomeagain!
2.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.EveryEffortIsWorthwhileB.AllRoadsLeadHome
C.BeDeterminedinYourLifeD.BeBravetoAdventure
[典例3] Attendingcollegecanbeexpensive,andapplyingtocollegecan_becostlyaswell.Withtoday'scollegeapplicationfeesaveragingaround$80,youcanexpecttospendhundredsofdollarsoncollegebeforeyouareevenacceptedintoaschool.
Oneoftheeasiestwaystosavemoneyoncollegeapplicationfeesbeforeyoubeginapplyingistonarrowdownyourlistofschools.Tosavemoney,trytolimittheschoolstowhichyouapplytoabout2-3reachschoolsand2-3safetyschools.
Atsomeschools,beingarelativeofagraduatecansecureyouafreeapplication.Ifyouareapplyingtoaschoolwhereoneofyourparentsorgrandparentsisaformergraduate,checktoseeifyou'requalifiedforit.
Researchthepreferredmethodofapplyingforeachschoolonyourlist.Someschoolsofferfreeonlineapplications,yetchargeafeeforpapersubmissions.Thisisbecauseonlineapplicationssaveschoolsthecostofemployingastaffmembertophysicallyentertheapplicationinformation.
Severalstates,suchasMichiganandNorthCarolina,takepartinCollegeApplicationWeek,wheremanyschoolsintheparticipatingstatescanceltheirapplicationfeefortheweek.BesuretocontacttheschoolstowhichyouareapplyingtoseeiftheyparticipateinCollegeApplicationWeekandwhentheprogramtakesplaceinthatstate.
Applyforearlyadmission.Ifyouhavealreadydecidedonwhichcollegeisyourtopchoice,considerapplyingunderanEarlyActionorEarlyDecisionadmissionprogram.Ifyouareaccepted,youwon'thavetosubmitapplicationfeestootherschools.
Formoreinformationregardingcollegeapplicationsandthefeesassociatedwiththem,contactyourhighschooladvisorortheadmissionsdepartmentatyourschool(s)ofinterest.
3.Thepassageismainlywrittento________.
A.introducefamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates
B.showsomepracticalwaystoapplyanidealcollege
C.advertiseforsuccessfulapplicationsandadvisors
D.offertipstosavemoneyoncollegeapplicationfees
方法
(二)梳理故事的主线
记叙文通常讲述一个有趣的故事或是某人一段刻骨铭心的经历。
记叙文类文章都有一个主线,全文围绕这个主线组织材料。
如果考生能够找到全文的主线,理清故事的人物以及故事发生的时间、地点、经过和最终的结果,就能概括出文章的大意。
考生应从分析文章的结构入手,把握全文的主线,即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,最后归纳出文章的主旨大意。
[典例4] ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.
Duringthefirstweekofhisstay,hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping.Hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers,includinghispassport.
Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinastrangecity,thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganisedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone.
Lateintheevening,thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronouncemyhusband'snameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(垃圾桶)thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.
Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout,althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments.Atlasttheyhadseenahalfwrittenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.
Thatfamilynotonlyrestored(归还)theimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.FromIndiatoAustraliaB.LivinginaNewCountry
C.TurningTrashtoTreasureD.InSearchofNewFriends
方法(三)寻找高频词
[典例5] Ifyouarearecentsocialsciencegraduatewhohashadtolistentojokesaboutunemploymentfromyourcomputermajorclassmates,youmayhavehadthelastlaugh.Therearemanyadvantagesforthesocialsciencemajorbecausethishightech“InformationAge”demandspeoplewhoareflexible(灵活的)andwhohavegoodcommunicationskills.
Therearemanysocialsciencemajorsinlargecompanieswhofillimportantpositions.Forexample,anumberofresearchstudiesfoundthatsocialsciencemajorshadachievedgreatermanagerialsuccessthanthosewhohadtechnicaltrainingorpreprofessionalcourses.Studiesshowthatsocialsciencemajorsaremostsuitedforchange,whichistheleadingfeature(特点)ofthekindofhighspeed,highpressure,hightechworldwenowlivein.
Socialsciencemajorsarenotonlyexperiencingsuccessintheirlongtermcompanyjob,buttheyarealsofindingjobsmoreeasily.Astudyshowedthatmanycompanieshadfilledalargepercentageoftheirentrylevelpositionswithsocialsciencegraduates.Thestudyalsoshowedthatthemostsoughtafterqualityinapersonwhowaslookingforajobwascommunicationskills,notedas“veryimportant”,by92percentofthecompanies.Socialsciencemajorshavetheseskills,oftenwithoutknowinghowimportanttheyare.Itisprobablyduetotheseskillsthattheyhavebeenofferedawidevarietyofpositions.
Finally,althoughsomesocialsciencemajorsmaystillfinditmoredifficultthantheirtechnicallytrainedclassmatestolandthefirstjob,recentgraduatesreportthattheydon'tregrettheirchoiceofstudy.
5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?
A.Theadvantagesofsocialsciencemajorshave.
B.Whysocialsciencegraduatesaremorepopular.
C.Wheresocialsciencemajorsholdimportantpositions.
D.Whatleadslargecompaniestofavorsocialsciencemajors.
二、析题型---3大常考题型例析
题型
(一) 标题归纳题——活用3方法
1.常见设问方式
Thebesttitleofthepassageis_________.
Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?
Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.
2.明确一个好的标题应具备三大特点
(1)概括性——能概括全文内容并体现文章的主旨;
(2)针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符;
(3)醒目性——语言精练有吸引力。
3.巧用3大方法确定文章标题
(1)正面肯定法:
在理解文章主旨的基础上,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨;
(2)反面否定法:
撇开原文,拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容,然后和原文章对照,一一排除不符选项;
(3)研读备选项本身:
研读备选项里面的中心词,对照原文,看其是否是文章论述的焦点;研读修饰词的变化,找出其中的不同,作为筛选正确答案的依据;研读各备选项的概
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