剑桥雅思 5 高频词汇及例句.docx
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剑桥雅思 5 高频词汇及例句.docx
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剑桥雅思5高频词汇及例句
剑五高频词汇及例句整理
Test1.
Passage1.Johnson’sDictionary
1.TherewasnostandardwayofspeakingorwritingandnoagreementastothebestwayofbringingsomeordertothechaosofEnglishspelling.DrJohnsonprovidedthesolution.
standardadj.标准的n.标准
→近:
criterian.
solutionn.解决方法solvevt.解决
→近:
resolutionn.resolvevt.
2.Likethevariousdictionariesthatcameafteritduringtheseventeenthcentury,Cawdray’stendedtoconcentrateon‘scholarly’words;onefunctionofthedictionarywastoenableitsstudentstoconveyanimpressionoffinelearning.
variousadj.多种多样的varietyn.多样性
→近:
diversityn.diverseadj.e.g.:
diversespecies
scholarlyadj.学术的
→近:
academicadj.academyn.学院
conveyvt.传输,传达
→近:
transmitvt.delivervt.传送
3.Beyondthepracticalneedtomakeorderoutofchaos,theriseofdictionariesisassociatedwiththeriseofEnglishmiddleclass,whowereanxioustodefineandcircumscribethevariousworldstoconquer.
beassociatedwith与…相联系
→近:
berelated/linkedwith/to
definevt.下定义definitionn.
→近:
explainvt.解释definitionn.
4.Hedidnotexpecttoachievecompleteoriginality.
achievevt.完成,成就achievementn.
→近:
accomplishvt.accomplishmentn.;completevt.completionn.
originalityn.原创,原始,originaladj起初的originatevi.起源于originatein
→近:
initialadjinitiatevi.
→aboriginaladj.原始的,本土的土著的
→近:
native/local/indigenousadj.
5.Unlikehispredecessors,JohnsontreatedEnglishverypractically,asalivinglanguage,withmanydifferentshadesofmeaning.
predecessorn.前任
→近:
precedentn.先例
→反:
successorn.继承者
shaden.联想,层次
→近:
subtletyn.细微,精细subtleadj.;phrasen.
6.AftermanyvicissitudestheDictionarywasfinallypublishedon15April1775.ItwasinstantlyrecognizedasalandmarkthroughoutEurope.
publishvt.出版,发行
→近:
releasevt;issuevt.
berecognizedas被认为…recognize…as…把…认为…
→近:
describe/characterize/define…as…
7.“Thisnoblebook,”wrotetheleadingItalianlexicographer,“willbeaperpetualmonumentofFametotheAuthorinparticular,andbenefittotherepublicofLettersthroughoutEurope.”
perpetualadj.永久的
→近:
permanentadj.永恒的→反:
temporary/oddadj.临时的
benefitn.益处,好处benefit(vt.)from…从…中获益beneficialadj.有益的
→近:
profitn.利益,利润profitableadj.exploitativeadj.
8.Forallitsfaultsandeccentricitieshistwo-volumeworkisamasterpieceandalandmark,inhisownwords,‘settingtheorthography,displayingtheanalogy,regulatingthestructures,andascertainingthesignificancesofEnglishwords.’
analogyn.相似,类比analogousadj.类比的,相似的
→近:
similarityn相似similaradj.besimilarto…
→assimilatevt.使…同化
→反:
dissimilaradj.不相似的
significancen.重大意思,重要性significantadj.
→近:
importancen.
9.ItisthecornerstoneofStandardEnglish,anachievementwhich,inJamesBoswell’swords,“conferredstabilityonthelanguageofhiscountry”.
achievementn.成就
→近:
accomplishmentn.;contributionn.贡献
stabilityadj.稳定,稳固stableadj.稳定的unstableadj.不稳固的
→近:
evenadj.平稳的firmadj.牢固的
10.TheDictionary,togetherwithhisotherwriting,madeJohnsonfamousandsowellesteemedthathisfriendswereabletoprevailuponKingGeorgeⅢtoofferhimapension.
esteemn.尊重self-esteem
→近:
respectn.&vt.respectableadj.体面的;respectiveadj.各自的
prevailvi.流行,盛行prevalencen.盛行
→近:
popularizevt.流行popularityn.
Passage2.Natureornurture
1.StanleyMilgramofYaleUniversitytested40subjectsfromallwalksoflifefortheirwillingnesstoobeyinstructionsgivenbya‘leader’inasituationinwhichthesubjectsmightfeelapersonaldistastefortheactionstheywerecalledupontoperform.
willingnessn.乐意,愿意willingadj.乐意的willn.意志力
→近:
volunteern.志愿者voluntaryadj.志愿的
obeyvt.遵从,遵守obediencen.
→近:
abideby
performvt.表演,扮演performancen.
2.Specifically,Milgramtoldeachvolunteer‘teacher-subject’thattheexperimentwasinthenoblecauseofeducation,andwasdesignedtotestwhetherornotpunishingpupilsfortheirmistakeswouldhaveapositiveeffectonthepupil’sabilitytolearn.
causen.事业vt.引起,造成
→近:
createvt.引起;posevt.引起;triggervt.触发;wreckvt.引起
effectn.作用,效果affectvt.影响
→近:
impactn.冲击,影响;influencen.&vt.影响
3.Thesupposed‘pupil’wasinrealityanactorhiredbyMilgramtostimulatereceivingtheshocksbyemittingaspectrumofgroans,screamsandwritingstogetherwithanassortmentofstatementsandexpletivesdenouncingboththeexperimentandtheexperimenter.
stimulatevt.刺激,激发stimulusn.stimulationn.
→近:
inspirevt.鼓励,激发;activatevt.促使,激发
emitvt.发出,放射
→近:
dischargevt.发出,卸载giveout
denouncevt.谴责,斥责,告发
→近:
announcevt.宣布proclaimvt.宣告,公布,声明
assortmentn.分类
→近:
classificationn.categoryn.form.
4.Milgramtoldtheteacher-subjecttoignorethereactionsofthepupil,andtoadministerwhateverlevelofshockwascalledfor,aspertherulegoverningtheexperimentalsituationofthemoment.
ignorevt.忽视ignorantadj.无知的
→近:
regardlessadj.忽视的regardlessadj.不顾
reactionn.反应reactvi.反应reactto
→近:
responsen.反应;respondvi.
governv.控制,操纵
→近:
controlvt.控制;takecharge(of)
situationn.环境
→近:
circumstancen.;conditionn.(常用复)
5.Astheexperimentunfolded,thepupilwoulddeliberatelygivethewronganswerstoquestionsposedbyteacher,therebybringingonvariouselectricalpunishments,evenuptothedangerlevelof300voltsandbeyond.
unfoldvt.揭示
→近:
discovervt.发现,显露unravelvt.揭开
deliberatelyadv.故意地deliberateadj.故意的
→近:
purposelyadv.蓄意地;intentionallyadv.
posevt.引起,造成
→近:
cause/create/trigger/resultin/leadto/contributeto
6.Theoverwhelmingconsensuswasthatvirtuallyalltheteachers-subjectswouldrefusetoobeytheexperimenter.
overwhelmingadj.压倒一切的,无法抗拒的overwhelmvt.压倒,浸没
→近:
irresistibleadj.无法抗拒的
consensusn.一致意见
→近:
agreement
refusevt.拒绝refusionn.
→近:
rejectvt.rejectionn.
7.Thepsychiatristsfeltthat‘mostsubjectswouldnotgobeyond150volts’andtheyfurtheranticipatedthatonlyfourpercentwouldgoupto300volts.
anticipatevt.期待,预料anticipationn.
→近:
expectvt.期待;predictvt.预测,预料
8.Howcamwepossiblyaccountforthisvastdiscrepancybetweenwhatcalm,rational,knowledgepeoplepredictinthecomfortoftheirstudyandwhatpressured,flustered,butcooperative‘teachers’actuallydointhelaboratoryofreallife?
accountfor解释
→近:
explainvt.解释;explanationn.;illustrationn.诠释
discrepancyvt.差距,不一致
→近:
distinctionn.差别,差距
predictvt.预测,推测
→近:
forecastvi;foreseevt.
9.One’sfirstinclinationmightbetoarguethattheremustbesomesortofbuilt-inanimalaggressioninstinctthatwasactivatedbytheexperiment,andthatMilgram’steacher-subjectswerejustfollowingageneticneedtodischargethispent-upprimalurgeontothepupilbyadministeringtheelectricalshock.
inclinationn.倾向inclinevi.倾向
→近:
tendencyn.;pronenessn.
instinctadj.内在的
→近:
build-inadj.;hereditaryadj.遗传的
activatevt.激发
→近:
inspirevt.激发,激励;motivatevt.激励;evokevt.激发
10.Analternativetothisnotionofgeneticprogrammingistoseetheteacher-subjects’actionsasaresultofthesocialenvironmentunderwhichtheexperimentwascarriedout.
alternativen.可能性中的选择
→近:
choicen.;selectionn.;optionn.
resultn.结果
→近:
consequencen.;outcomen.;outputn.结果,产量
11.Mostsubjectsintheexperimentseetheirbehaviorinalargercontextthatisbenevolentandusefultosociety-thepursuitofscientifictruth.Thepsychologicallaboratoryhasastrongclaimtolegitimacyandevokestrustandconfidenceinthosewhoperformthere.
benevolentvt.行善的,助人为乐的
→近:
beneficialadj.有益处的;profitableadj.有利益的
pursuitn.追寻pursuevt.
→近:
searchvt.搜寻
legitimacyn.合法legitimateadj.合法的
→近:
legaladj.合法的
→反:
illegitimate/illegaladj.违法的
evokevt.激发
→近:
inspirevt.激发,激励;motivatevt.激励;activatevt.激发
12.Thus,inthisexplanationthesubjectmergeshisuniquepersonalityandpersonalandmoralcodewiththatoflargerinstitutionalstructures,surrenderingindividualpropertieslikeloyalty,self-sacrificeanddisciplinetotheserviceofmalevolentsystemofauthority.
mergevt合并.
→近:
blend/mix/combinevt.使…混合,结合
surrendervi.投降,屈服
→近:
yieldvi
sacrificevt.牺牲givein
→近:
devotevt.奉献;dedicatevt.献身;contributevt.贡献;donatevt.捐赠
malevolentadj.恶意的
→近:
spitefuladj.行恶的;hatefuladj.可恨的
→反:
benevolentadj.仁慈的,行善的
13.Theproblemforbiologist,psychologistsandanthropologistsistosortoutwhichofthesetwopopularexplanationsismoreplausible.
sortout分类(phrv.)
→近:
classifyvt.;categorizevt.使分类
explanationn.解释
→近:
accountn.诠释;illustrationn.;interpretationn.翻译,解释
plausibleadj.似乎正确的,有理的
→近:
believableadj.;reasonableadj.合理的
Passage3.TheTruthabouttheEnvironment
1.Theyhavedevelopedahit-listofourmainfears:
thatspeciesarebecomingextinctinvastnumbers,andthatplanet’sairandwaterarebecomingmorepolluted.
developvi.发展,研发developmentn.
→近:
evolvevi.演变,进化evolutionn.
→近:
altervi.变化;shiftvt.转变;switchvi转变;convertvt.转换
fearn.恐惧fearfuladj.
→近:
frightenvt.使恐惧;scared/scaryadj.恐惧的
extinctadj.灭绝的dieout
→近:
endangeredadj.濒临灭绝的;dormantadj.沉睡的
pollutevt.污染pollutionn.pollutantn.污染物质
→近:
contaminatevt.contaminationn.
→反:
nurturevt.给予营养;nutritionn.营养;nutrientn.营养物质
2.First,energyandothernaturalresourceshavebecomemoreabundant,notlessso,sincethebook‘TheLimitstoGrowth’waspublishedin1922byagroupofscientists.
abundantadj.丰裕充足的abundancen.词组:
anabundanceof
→近:
adequateadj.充足的;substantialadj.相当多的;considerableadj.
publishvt.出版,发行
→近:
releasevt.;issuevt.
3.Andfinally,
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