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ch04

InternationalEconomics,8e（Krugman）

Chapter4

Resources,ComparativeAdvantage,andIncomeDistribution

4.1

AModelofaTwo-FactorEconomy

1）

Inthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,aninfluxofworkersfromacrosstheborderwould

A）

movethepointofproductionalongtheproductionpossibilitycurve.

B）

shifttheproductionpossibilitycurveoutward,andincreasetheproductionofbothgoods.

C）

shifttheproductionpossibilitycurveoutwardanddecreasetheproductionofthelabor-intensiveproduct.

D）

shifttheproductionpossibilitycurveoutwardanddecreasetheproductionofthecapital-intensiveproduct.

E）

Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

2）

Inthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,thetwocountriesdifferin

A）

tastes.

B）

militarycapabilities.

C）

size.

D）

relativeavailabilitiesoffactorsofproduction.

E）

laborproductivities.

Answer:

D

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

3）

OnewayinwhichtheHeckscher-OhlinmodeldiffersfromtheRicardomodelofcomparativeadvantageisbyassumingthat________is（are）identicalinallcountries.

A）

factorofproductionendowments

B）

scaleeconomies

C）

factorofproductionintensities

D）

technology

E）

opportunitycosts

Answer:

D

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

4）

Theslopeofacountry'sPPFreflects

A）

theopportunitycostofproductSintermsofproductT.

B）

theopportunitycostofTintermsofmoneyprices.

C）

theopportunitycostofSorTintermsofS.

D）

BothAandB.

E）

BothAandC.

Answer:

A

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

5）

TheHeckscher-OhlinmodeldiffersfromtheRicardianmodelofComparativeAdvantageinthattheformer

A）

hasonlytwocountries.

B）

hasonlytwoproducts.

C）

hastwofactorsofproduction.

D）

hastwoproductionpossibilityfrontiers（oneforeachcountry）.

E）

Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

6）

"Agoodcannotbebothland-andlabor-intensive."Discuss.

Answer:

Inatwogood,twofactormodel,suchastheoriginalHeckscher-Ohlinframework,thefactorintensitiesarerelativeintensities.Hence,therelevantstatisticiseitherworkersperacre（oracresperworker）;orwageperrentalunit（orrentalperwage）.Inordertoillustratethelogicofthestatementabove,letusassumethattheproductionofabroomrequires4workersand1acre.Also,letusassumethattheproductionofonebushelofwheatrequires40workersand80acres.Inthiscasetheacresperpersonrequiredtoproduceabroomisonequarter,whereastoproduceabushelofwheatrequires2acresperperson.Thewheatistherefore（relatively）landintensive,andthebroomis（relatively）laborintensive.

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

7）

"Nocountryisabundantineverything."Discuss.

Answer:

Theconceptofrelative（country）factorabundanceis（likefactorintensities）arelativeconcept.Whenweidentifyacountryasbeingcapitalintensive,wemeanthatithasmorecapitalperworkerthandoestheothercountry.Ifonecountryhasmorecapitalworkerthananother,itisanarithmeticimpossibilitythatitalsohasmoreworkersperunitcapital.

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

8）

Refertoabovefigure.CanyouguesswhichgroupofproducersinCountryPmightlobbyagainstfreetrade?

Answer:

InCountryP,theownersoftherelativelyscarcefactorofproductionaretheownersofcapital.Theirrelativeandrealincomeswilldecrease,andsotheymaywellattempttolobbyforprotectionism,whichmaypreventthecountryfrommovingtoafreetradeequilibrium.

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

AnEconomycanproducegood1usinglaborandcapitalandgood2usinglaborandland.Thetotalsupplyoflaboris100units.Giventhesupplyofcapital,theoutputsofthetwogoodsdependsonlaborinputasfollows:

9）

Refertothetableabove.

（a）Graphtheproductionfunctionsforgood1andgood2

（b）Graphtheproductionpossibilityfrontier.Whyisitcurved?

Answer:

Theproductionpossibilityfrontieriscurvedbecauseofthediminishingreturnsassociatedwiththeexpansionofoutputintheshortrunineachofthetwoindustries.

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

10）

Refertothetableabove.Calculatethemarginalproductoflaborforeachproduct,fordifferentlaborinputs.

Answer:

e.g.at50workers,themarginalproductfor1is0.75

Forproduct2itis0.65

At90workers,themarginalproductfor1is0.25

Forproduct2itis0.15

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

4.2

EffectsofInternationalTradeBetweenTwo-FactorEconomies

1）

Inthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,achangefromautarky（notrade）totradewillbenefittheownersof

A）

capital.

B）

therelativelyabundantfactorofproduction.

C）

therelativelyscarcefactorofproduction.

D）

therelativelyinelasticfactorofproduction.

E）

thefactorofproductionwiththelargestelasticityofsubstitution.

Answer:

B

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

2）

AccordingtotheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,thesourceofcomparativeadvantageisacountry's

A）

technology.

B）

advertising.

C）

humancapital.

D）

factorendowments.

E）

BothAandB.

Answer:

D

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

3）

TheHechscher-Ohlinmodelstatesthatacountrywillhaveacomparativeadvantageinthegoodorservicewhoseproductionisrelativelyintensiveinthe________withwhichthecountryisrelativelyabundant.

A）

tastes

B）

technology

C）

factorofproduction

D）

opportunitycost

E）

scaleeconomy

Answer:

C

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

4）

AccordingtotheHecksher-Ohlinmodel,

A）

everyoneautomaticallygainsfromtrade.

B）

thescarcefactornecessarilygainsfromtrade.

C）

thegainerscouldcompensatethelosersandstillretaingains.

D）

acountrygainsifitsexportshaveahighvalueadded.

E）

Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

5）

AsopposedtotheRicardianmodelofcomparativeadvantage,theassumptionofdiminishingreturnsintheHeckscher-Ohlinmodelmeansthattheprobabilityisgreaterthatwithtrade

A）

countrieswillnotbefullyspecializedinoneproduct.

B）

countrieswillbenefitfromfreeinternationaltrade.

C）

countrieswillconsumeoutsidetheirproductionpossibilityfrontier.

D）

comparativeadvantageisprimarilysupplyrelated.

E）

Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

6）

Whichofthefollowingisfalse（fortheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel）?

A）

Iftastesarenotidenticalinbothcountries,wagesmaystillequalize.

B）

Differencesintechnologiescouldbethesourceofgainsfromtrade.

C）

Somegroupsmaygainandsomemayloseduetotrade.

D）

Gainsforthetrade-relatedwinnerswilltendtobelargerthanlossesoflosers.

E）

Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

7）

Iftastesdifferedbetweencountries,thiscouldaffect

A）

wageequalizationduetotradewithnospecialization.

B）

thedirectionoftrade（whoexportswhattowhom）.

C）

thefactthatsomegroupsinacountrymightlosewelfareduetotrade.

D）

thefactthatthecountryasawholewillgainfromtrade.

E）

Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

Assumethatonlytwocountries,AandB,exist.

8）

Refertothetableabove.IfgoodSiscapitalintensive,thenfollowingtheHeckscher-OhlinTheory,

A）

countryAwillexportgoodS.

B）

countryBwillexportgoodS.

C）

bothcountrieswillexportgoodS.

D）

tradewillnotoccurbetweenthesetwocountries.

E）

Insufficientinformationisgiven.

Answer:

B

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

9）

Refertothetableabove.IfyouaretoldthatCountryBisverymuchricherthanCountryA,thenthecorrectansweris

A）

countryAwillexportgoodS.

B）

countryBwillexportgoodS.

C）

bothcountrieswillexportgoodS.

D）

tradewillnotoccurbetweenthesetwocountries.

E）

Insufficientinformationisgiven.

Answer:

B

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

10）

Refertothetableabove.YouaretoldthatCountryBisverymuchlargerthancountryA.Thecorrectansweris

A）

countryAwillexportgoodS.

B）

countryBwillexportgoodS.

C）

bothcountrieswillexportgoodS.

D）

tradewillnotoccurbetweenthesetwocountries.

E）

Insufficientinformationisgiven.

Answer:

B

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

11）

Refertothetableabove.YouaretoldthatCountryBhasnominimumwageorchildlaborlaws.Nowthecorrectansweris

A）

countryAwillexportgoodS.

B）

countryBwillexportgoodS.

C）

bothcountrieswillexportgoodS.

D）

tradewillnotoccurbetweenthesetwocountries.

E）

Insufficientinformationisgiven.

Answer:

B

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

12）

ThefollowingareallassumptionsthatmustbeacceptedinordertoapplytheHeckscher-OhlinTheory,exceptforone

A）

Countriesdifferintheirendowmentsoffactorsofproduction.

B）

Countriesdifferintheirtechnologies.

C）

Therearetwofactorsofproduction.

D）

Productionissubjecttoconstantreturnstoscale.

E）

Oneproductalwaysrequiresmoremachinesperworkerinitsproductionthandoestheotherproduct.

Answer:

B

QuestionStatus:

PreviousEdition

13）

Ininternational-tradeequilibriumintheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,

A）

thecapitalrichcountrywillchargelessforthecapitalintensivegoodthanthepricepaidbythecapitalpoorcountryforthecapital-inten